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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Subject: Plant Pathology × Author: HANS, RAJ × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON MOULDY CORE AND CORE ROT OF APPLE CAUSING PREHARVEST FRUIT DROP
    (UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2009) HANS, RAJ; SHARMA, J.N.
    Abstract The present investigation entitled “Studies on mouldy core and core rot of apple causing preharvest fruit drop” was undertaken to study the occurrence and incidence of mouldy core and core rot of apple in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh including isolation and identification, pathogenicity test, cultural characteristics, epidemiological studies in relation to disease initiation and spread of Alternaria alternata the major pathogen involved in mouldy core and core rot of apple. In vitro evaluation of different plant extracts, oils and biocontrol agents of fungal and bacterial origin was also undertaken in present investigation. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of systemic and non-systemic fungicides was undertaken to control the diseases in the field. Maximum incidence (17.70 %) of mouldy core and core rot was recorded at Kotkhai with on an average 16.2 per cent incidence of both these diseases in the surveyed areas of Shimla district. Alternaria alternata was found consistently associated with mouldy core and core rot causing preharvest fruit drop. Its pathogenicity was proved by standard methods and identity was confirmed from standard literature. The pathogen associated with the disease grew best on potato dextrose agar medium at 250C temperature and 6.5 pH. Potassium nitrate and maltose were best nitrogen and carbon sources supporting maximum growth of the Alternaria alternata. For germination of conidia of Alternaria alternata, 30°C temperature and 100 per cent relative humidity were found optimum under in vitro conditions. Among different weather parameters, cumulative rainfall was directly correlated with disease development during both 2008 and 2009 cropping seasons. Regression analysis further showed that the 91.00 per cent variation in preharvest fruit drop was due to mouldy core and core rot. Medium sized Starking Delicious apple fruits with open sinus/calyx tube and length : width ratio falling in 0.96 to 1.05 mm class showed maximum incidence of mouldy core and core rot in the field. Among different plant extracts and essential oils tested in vitro, mehandu (Dodonia viscosa) extract and cinnamon (Cinnamomum camphora) oil gave the maximum growth inhibition of Alternaria alternata. Among the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma hamatum exhibited the maximum inhibition. Under laboratory conditions, EBI fungicides difenoconazole and hexaconazole, and non-systemic fungicide iprodione + carbendazim gave maximum inhibition of mycelial growth as well as spore germination of Alternaria alternata. In the field, EBI fungicides (difenoconazole, hexaconazole and myclobutanil) and protectant (mancozeb flowable, dodine and captan) gave better disease control. Three sprays of difenoconazole sprayed at pink bud, full bloom and petal fall stages of apple provided 94 per cent control of mouldy core and core rot followed by sprays of mancozeb (at pink bud), difenoconazole (at full bloom) and hexaconazole (at petal fall) with 90 per cent disease control without hampering the fruit set.