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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on crop regulation with chemical thinning, gibberellic acid and pruning in nectarine cv. May Fire(YSPU, 2016) Rimpika; Sharma, NThe present investigations entitled “Studies on crop regulation with chemical thinning, gibberellic acid and pruning in nectarine cv. May Fire” were carried out on 12-year-old trees of nectarine cultivar May Fire raised on wild peach seedling rootstocks at the experimental orchard of Horticulture Research Station, Kandaghat, District Solan and Farmer’s orchard at Kotla Barog, District Sirmaur during 2014-15. In experiment I, experimental trees were subjected to nine treatments viz. NAA at 40 ppm and 60 ppm; Ethrel at 200 and 300 ppm applied one and two weeks after petal fall and control with three replications in Randomized Block Design. At both locations, treatment with NAA at 40 ppm when applied two weeks after petal fall induced significantly higher thinning, increased shoot growth, tree height and spread, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, leaf to fruit ratio, superior grades’ fruit yield, fruit size, weight and volume. Total soluble solids, total sugar and reducing sugar contents were higher and acidity and firmness lower in the fruits from trees treated with NAA at 60 ppm two weeks after petal fall during both the years, irrespective of locations. Surface colouration was higher in fruits from trees treated with Ethrel at 300 ppm two weeks after petal fall during both the years, irrespective of locations. However, chemical thinners were more effective at Kandaghat, in respect of all these parameters and the induction of fruit abscission following application of treatments was higher during 2014 compared to 2015 over the control. In different NAA and Ethrel treatments, disintegration of cells in pith, vascular and cortex regions was advanced at Kandaghat in the year 2014 at 20.5- 24.5°C/ 13-14°C maximum and minimum temperature and 47.3-60.3% average relative humidity after application chemical thinners. In experiment II, experimental trees were subjected to 17 different treatments of crop regulation with chemical thinners, pruning and GA 3 ; chemical thinner were more effective in improving the production of superior grade fruits than reducing the crop load directly by pruning or indirectly by GA treatments.Again treatments with NAA at 40 ppm when applied two weeks after petal fall reduced the crop load to the greatest extent and improved fruit size, yield of superior grade fruits and fruit quality. Pruning to retain 40 fruiting shootstree-1+ NAA 40 ppm, 2WAPF increased the shoot growth, tree height, tree spread and leaf area.ThesisItem Open Access Geographical Information System based assessment of location suitability for apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) production(YSPU, 2016) Belsare, Chaitanya Ramdass; Sharma, NThe present investigation entitled “Geographical Information System based assessment of location suitability for apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) production” was carried out at different locations and altitudes in district Shimla and Kinnaur during the years 2012 - 2014. The data on weather, geological, physical, production, quality, soil and socio-economic parameters were recorded. The result revealed that the temperature decreased linearly with the corresponding increase in altitude. Rainfall was recorded significantly lower at both the locations of district Kinnaur in comparison to all the locations of district Shimla. Depending upon the climatic variations at different locations during the course of study, dates of chilling unit initiation, rest completion, end of chilling period and full bloom stages of Starking Delicious apple showed discrepancy among the locations and between the years. According to present findings all the locations in Shimla and Kinnaur fulfilled the basic chilling requirement for apple. Different altitudes showed significant positive correlation with flowering intensity, fruit set, yield, productivity, fruit length, diameter, weight, TSS, TSS/acid ratio, sugars whereas, negative and significant association was found between altitudes and fruit acidity. Soil temperature and moisture increased with the progress in growth period and increase in altitudes. The suitability map of apple for Shimla and Kinnaur districts was obtained after running the geographically weighted regression model. The highly suitable areas includes Shimla, Kumarsain, Kalpa and Pooh blocks, where the temperature and altitudes were found to be in the exact optimum range and this area is about 211.79 sq km. In case of fairly suitable zone, there was moderate correspondence between climatic conditions and requirement of apple in these areas compared to best suitable zone. This zone includes Theog, Chopal, Jubbal, Rohru, Chirgaon and Nichar blocks with an area of 157.18 sq km. However, unsuitable zone considered as areas that are not suitable for apple because of non-compatibility between prevailing climatic requirements of apple. This zone includes Basantpur and Rampur covering an area of 47.26 sq km.ThesisItem Open Access Pollination studies and development of day neutral cultivars in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassaDuch.)(YSPU, 2016) Suman Lata; Sharma, GirishThe present investigation entitled “Pollination studies and development of day neutral cultivars in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) was carried out during 2011-12 and 2012-13 in the experimental field of Department of Fruit Science, Dr Y SParmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. In experiment 1,variability, correlation and path analysis were studied in sixteen strawberry cultivars. ‘Chandler’ outperformed all other cultivars for vegetative characters such as plant height, plant spread, number of leaves, leaf area, number of runners and number of fruits per plant. Fruit size, weight and yield were maximum in cultivar Gorella.High coefficients of variability for total yield, number of fruits per plant average berry weight and number of runners per plant may be used for improvement through selection. Total yield showed both high heritability coupled with high genetic gain.Yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with plant height , plant spread, leaf number per plant, leaf area, number of runners per plant, fruit length, fruit breadth, number of achenes per fruit, number of fruits per plant, average berry weight.Plant spread had positive direct effect on yield / plant in the first year and in second year for number of fruits / plant, number of runners / plant, leaf number, fruit breadth and fruit weight, days to maturity , number of achenes / fruit , TSS .In experimentII, malformed fruit formation was improved by hand and cross pollination. In hand pollination ‘Fern’ and ‘Shasta’ had least malformed fruits. When hand pollinated,‘Pajaro’ x ‘Catskill’ and ‘Belrubi’ x ‘Douglas’ showed least malformed fruits. Maximum fruit set with better fruit size was from cross-pollination, followed by hand and open pollination and least was in self-pollination.In experiment III, ethrel (500 ppm) resulted in higher (86.67 %) germination followed by 200 ppm gibberellic acid (84.33 %).The line ‘Chandler’ exhibited good general combing ability for plant height , spread, leaf area, fruit size, number of fruits per plant and TSS and ‘Sweet Charlie’ was good combiner for plant height, spread, fruit size, fruit weight and TSS.Among the testers ‘Torrey’ showed good GCA for plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fruit length, fruit weight and ‘Selva’ for leaf area, number of fruits per plant and TSS.Combining ability depicted prominent role of non-additive gene action formost of the traits except plant height, fruit breadth and TSS.Variability among the crosses was mainly due to higher contribution of lines compared to individual contribution of testers and line x tester interaction.ThesisItem Open Access Selection and characterization of superior genotypes from seedling tree population of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Himachal Pradesh(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) GUNVANT, BHOYAR MAHESH; KRISHAN, KUMARABSTRACT The present study “Selection and characterization of superior genotypes from seedling tree population of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Himachal Pradesh” aimed to assess variation among already existing mango trees of seedling origin. A total of 81 healthy and bearing mango trees of seedling origin were marked across mango growing areas of Kangra and Hamirpur districts of Himachal Pradesh during 2013-15. Marked trees were observed to be erect to spreading in growth habit, oblong to semi-circular in shape of crown having sparse to dense foliage density ranges of tree height (7.3-34.7 m), trunk girth (0.65-4.1 m) and crown diameter (2.8-36.8 m). During „on‟ year yield ranged from 5.4-374.3 kg/tree with efficiency of 0.0056-0.203 kg/cm2. But in „off‟ year it is ranged from 0.0-21.41 kg/tree with an efficiency of 0.0-0.0184 kg/cm2. Low variation witnessed in various leaf and floral characters. None of the marked trees was reported to be regular bearer. Physical characters like fruit dimensions, fruit weight, fruit volume, stone weight, stone length and width, stone thickness, pulp weight, peel weight, skin thickness, edible and non-edible portion per cent, stone:pulp, peel:pulp and TSS were 13.98-80.58 cm2, 27.55-169.12 g, 31.50-178.83 ml, 6.34-40.31 g, 17.78-71.47 mm, 10.95-51.28 mm, 14.83-37.26 mm, 14.04-112.00 g, 6.1627.03 g, 0.867-2.95 mm, 48.10-66.21 per cent, 33.79-51.90 per cent, 0.353-0.561, 0.150.547 and 8.45-18.37 ºBrix respectively. Out of 81 mango seedling trees studied 11 trees were designated as „elites‟ based upon overall distinct attributes. These selections excel in one or more horticulturally desirable traits and have been vegetatively propagated for field conserved as a part of elite germplasm conservation. Sensory evaluation of fruit flavours, aroma, texture and taste of all 11 mango seedling selections was carried out by panelist. Also, the specific consumptive use (table, pickling or sucking) of each of the mango selections has been worked out. On the whole, the present study has resulted in some elite mango selections of indigenous origin representing a valuable genepool for use in future.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY AND ASSOCIATION STUDIES ON LOW CHILLING GENOTYPES OF PEACH [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch](2016) PAWAN, KUMAR; DOGRA, R.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled "Variability and association studies on low chilling genotypes of peach [Prunus persica L. Batsch]" was carried out at Peach Germplasm Block, Department of Fruit Science. Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H P) during 2014-15 with the objective of evaluating low chilling peaches and to study the variability, heritability, correlation and path analysis of different characters. Ten low chill genotypes of peach namely, TropicSweet, Saharanpur Prabhat, EarliGrande, Flordaprince, Tropicsnow, Flordaglo, ValleGrande, TropicBeauty, Pratap and FlordaGrande were evaluated for their plant growth, floral, fruiting and biochemical characteristics. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characteristics under study viz., tree height, tree spread, trunk girth, tree volume, annual shoot growth, date of opening of first flower, date of full bloom, date of opening of last flower, duration of flowering, flower density, fruit set, time of maturity, days from full bloom to harvest, fruit size [fruit length x fruit breadth], fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit firmness, stone weight, pulp to stone ratio, yield per tree, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and sugar:acid. The genotype TropicSweet recorded highest yield and performed better for other important horticultural traits among different genotypes and may be suggested for cultivation in mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was obtained for pulp to stone ratio indicating some scope for their improvement through selection. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic gain was obtained for yield per tree, fruit volume, fruit weight, sugar acid ratio, non-reducing sugars and titratable acidity. Hence, selection can prove effective for improvement in fruit yield and other traits. A highly significant and positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations of yield were found with trunk girth, flower density, fruit set and fruit weight. Maximum positive direct effect cited towards yield were contributed by fruit set, followed by average fruit volume, fruit weight, trunk girth, stone weight, tree volume and duration of flowering.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF NEWLY INTRODUCED PLUM (Prunus salicina Lindl.) CULTIVARS UNDER MID-HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2016) MUKESH, KUMAR; SHARMA, D.D.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of newly introduced plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivars under mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out on six to eight year old plum cultivars established in the experimental orchard of Horticultural Research and Training Station and Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kandaghat in district Solan, Himachal Pradesh under sub-temperate region for their suitability for commercial cultivation. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with five replications of each cultivar planted at a spacing of 5 x 5 m during 2015. Observations were recorded in respect of tree vigour, flowering, fruiting characteristics and biochemical parameters of fruits. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the cultivars for all the characters under study. Maximum tree vigour was recorded in ‘Shiro’ with respect to tree spread, tree volume, annual shoot growth and pruning weight. Maximum tree height (3.98 m), leaf area (18.36 cm2), earliest bud burst (7th February) and flowering (13th February) was observed in Red Beaut cultivar. Maximum duration of flowering (16 days) was recorded in ‘Red Beaut’ while minimum (12 days) in ‘Shiro’. The highest fruit set (24.08 %), fruit retention (34.89 %), yield (7.30 kg/tree) and minimum fruit drop was recorded in ‘Shiro’. Harvest date was recorded to be earliest (29th May) in Red Beaut cultivar with shortest duration of 96 days for maturity. ‘Frontier’ was recorded with maximum fruit size, weight, volume and pulp to stone ratio, whereas, quality attributes like fruit firmness, TSS, total sugars and sugar to acid ratio were found distinguishingly desirable in ‘Black Amber’ and all these fruit quality attributes were in close proximity to ‘Duarte’. From the present investigations it can be concluded that out of newly introduced cultivars, ‘Black Amber’ and ‘Duarte’ may be suggested for cultivation in mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh and can provide alternative to change the monotony of ‘Santa Rosa’ in order to stretch the production season, fulfill consumer ever-changing taste and better remuneration to the growers. These studies on different cultivars may be continued further at different locations prior to recommendation for commercial cultivation in sub-temperate and mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh