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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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20213
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Subject: Forestry × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Nadaun Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-12-17) Thakur, Ayushi; Sharma, Som Dutt
    The present investigation entitled “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Nadaun Tehsil of Hamirpur District of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the year 2020-21 with the aim to identify agroforestry system types; estimate their biological yield and economic returns; technological gaps and thereby propose suitable agroforestry solutions. Fifteen gram panchayats were chosen and from each panchayat two villages were selected. In each village, three farmers of each category were selected which were divided on the basis of their land holding viz. marginal category (< 1ha), small category (1-2 ha) and medium category (2-4 ha). Data was collected through field sampling and personal interviews. The study revealed that five different agroforestry systems were practiced by the farmers in the study area namely; Agrisilviculture (AS), Agrihorticulture (AH), Agrisilvihorticulture (ASH), Agrihortisilviculture (AHS) and Pastoralsilviculture (PS) were identified. In medium and small category of farmers all five agroforestry systems were present while, in marginal category of farmers pastoralsilviculture system was absent. The average family size of sampled households was 4.67 person per household. The literacy rate was recorded highest (90.46%) in marginal category of farmers. Wheat, potato, garlic, cauliflower and cabbage were rabi crops, whereas maize, colocassia, tomato, ginger and turmeric were crops of kharif season. Prominent tree components in agroforestry systems were Acacia catechu, Grewia optiva, Celtis australis, Pinus roxburghii , Bauhinia variegata, Toona ciliata, Morus alba, Ficus roxburghii, Ficus palmata and Albizia lebbeck found in pastureland and along the bunds of agriculture fields, whereas fruit trees of Mangifera indica, Morus alba, Litchi chinensis, Syzygium cumini, Psidium guajava, Citrus limon and Punica granatum were retained on and around the bunds of the agriculture field. In pasture, the dominant grass species observed were as follows: Cenchrus ciliaris, Cenchrus setiger, Themada anathera, Panicum maximum and Setaria sphacelata. Irrespective of farmers categories, the highest grand total biomass (26.39 t/ha was observed in agrisilviculture system (AS) and lowest (18.74 t/ha) in pastoralsilviculture system (PS). Among all the category of farmers the maximum net returns (1,41,532 Rs/ha/yr) was reported from agrihortisilviculture (AHS) and least (7,875 Rs./ha/yr) from pastoralsilviculture system. Technological gaps identifying the socio-economic and other constraints have highlighted the inherent weakness of existing AFS types. The most prominent among these constraints includes disproportionate applications of insecticides/pesticides and fertilizers, occurrence of fragmented landholdings, communication gap between lab to land, ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities. Relevant agroforestry solutions include conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro- processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions etc. From the above study it is concluded that AHS system type was found to be the best for economic point of view whereas ASH system type was proved more profitable by providing maximum BC ratio.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Barsar Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh.”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-12-23) Verma, Akanksha; Sharma, Som Dutt
    The present study entitled “Diagnostic Survey of Agroforestry Systems in Barsar Tehsil of Hamirpur District, Himachal Pradesh.” was carried out during the year 2020-21. The tehsil is located between 31°31'35" N latitude and 76°27'37" E longitude. To study the socio-economic status and vegetation composition of the land-use systems twelve panchayats were selected. A representative sample of two villages was selected from each panchayat and from each village a sample of nine farmers was selected and categorized as marginal (<1 ha), small (1-2 ha) and medium (2-5 ha) on the basis of the land holding. The data was collected through pre-structured schedule for the purpose through personal interviews with head of the each household and visit to the fields. Socioeconomic status of farmers has been analysed taking into consideration their average family structure, sex- ratio, educational status, literacy rate, livestock status, off-farm employment status and land holding size. The study revealed that six agroforestry systems types were prevalent among different categories of farmers in the study area viz., AS, ASH, AH, ASP, PS and SP. The most predominant AFS was AS, followed by ASH. The functional units recorded under different agroforestry system types in the study area under agriculture component were Wheat, Maize, Mustard, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Tomato, Potato, Okra, Brinjal, Turmeric, Arbi and Fennel. The functional units under Silviculture component were Beul, toona, shisham, mulberry, kachnar, chir pine, khair etc. for horticulture component mango, papaya, banana, litchi, citrus etc. were recorded. Whereas, for grass species elephant grass, setaria, nut grass and natural grasses were recorded. Among all the existing agroforestry systems, irrespective of the farmer’s category the highest biological yield and net returns were recorded under agrisilvihorticulture (ASH) system i.e. 25.09 t/ha and 1,35,699 Rs./ha/yr., respectively. While, the lowest biological yield and net returns were recorded under pastoralsilviculture (PS) system i.e. 16.61 t/ha and 6,589 Rs./ha/yr., respectively. Fragmented landholdings, lack of irrigation facilities, non-availability of market, lack of awareness about high yielding variety seeds of crops and promising agroforestry tree species, low yielding varieties of horticultural plants, communication gap between lab to land and ineffective implementation of government sponsored schemes for the benefits of farming communities were some of the constraints found in the study area. Relevant agroforestry solutions can be conducting location specific diagnostic survey, strengthening of agro-processing facilities, voluntarily adoption of some villages by state agriculture universities and other related institutions and opening of govt. authorized sale centres at accessible places etc.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Tree-crop interaction studies under Harar (Terminalia chebula Retz.) based agroforestry system”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur (H.P.), 2021-11-27) Ankita; Sharma, Kamal
    The current investigations on “Tree crop interaction studies under Harar (Terminalia chebula Retz.) based agroforestry system” was carried out in harar orchard at Khaggal (Neri-II) Experimental Farm of the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri - Hamirpur during the year 2020-21 under subtropical conditions of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (02 Factorial) to determine the effect of harar trees on growth and yield parameters of soyabean crop along with the soil properties in four directions (East, West, North, and South) and three distances i.e., 1, 2 and 3 m from harar trees (total 12 treatments). The treatments were replicated thrice. The quality parameters of soyabean were estimated at three distances from harar tree (D1, D2 and D3) and open crop (total four treatments) replicated five times under Randomized Block Design. The agroforestry system (harar + soyabean) was compared with the sole crop system (soyabean) employing student’s t-test. The soil was also analyzed for the presence of allelochemicals before sowing and after harvesting soyabean under the agroforestry and in open system. Results showed the maximum values for the growth and yield parameters of soyabean crop at 3 m distance from harar trees. Among directions, the best results were obtained in the north direction. The biochemical analysis revealed that the photosynthetic pigments viz., total chlorophyll and carotenoids increased with the increase distance of soyabean crop from harar trees. The photosynthetic pigments in leaves exhibited the maximum values in the sole crop and the minimum in the crop grown under the shade of harar trees. The contents of total carbohydrates and total soluble protein were significantly higher in the seeds of soyabean crop grown under the agroforestry system over the sole cropping system. Whereas, the contents of total sugars and total free amino acids were significantly higher in the sole soyabean crop as compared to the crop raised under the agroforestry system. The contents of oil, crude fibre and total sugars of soyabean increased with an increase in the distance of crop from harar trees. However, no significant difference was observed for oil and crude fibre contents in soyabean under the agroforestry system and sole crop. Positive changes in the soil properties observed under the agroforestry system indicated that the system can sustain for long. The soil analysis showed the presence of allelochemicals of harar (Octadecanoic acid, 1,2- Benzenedicarboxylic acid and Phthalic acid) in the soil under the agroforestry system. The positive effect on plant growth and yield of soyabean under agroforestry system may be due to the environmental factors like moisture, nutrients, microclimate etc. and/or allelochemicals which needs further testing. From economic perspective, higher (268380 Rs. ha-1) gross returns and benefit:cost ratio (2.79) were obtained for harar + soyabean agroforestry system as compared to sole soyabean cropping. Overall, harar + soyabean agroforestry system proved better with respect to ecological and economical perspective over sole soyabean cropping and recommended for the farmers of the area.