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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access OLEORESIN YIELDING POTENTIAL OF OPEN POLLINATED PROGENIES OF CHIRPINE (Pinus roxburghii SARGENT)(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2011) SIKARWAR, RAVI; SHARMA, K.R.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Oleoresin yielding potential of open pollinated progenies of Chirpine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent)” were carried out on the progeny trial of Pinus roxburghii laid out in the in the campus area by Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources. The laboratory analysis was done in the department of Forest Products of Dr Y.S.Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry. Nauni, Solan, (H.P) with the objectives to evaluate the oleoresin yielding potential and morphological characters of half-sib progenies of chirpine. Trees of 60 progenies were enumerated and abstracted for diameter at breast height (d.b.h). The progenies having more than 30 cm d.b.h were segregated for oleoresin tapping experiment. In total, 22 out of 60 progenies had minimum one tree above 30 cm d.b.h in at least two replications. Hence, these progenies were selected for stem oleoresin tapping. The maximum value of oleoresin yield was noted in Kopra-P5 (1527.5 g/season) and lowest oleoresin yield was found in Chretmansoo-P4 (455.0 g/season). The progenies with yellow (13 B) colour oleoresin were found to be higher yielder, followed by trees with yellowish-white colour (10 B). Trees with white (155 A & B) colour oleoresin were found to be poor yielder. Higher oleoresin yielders have been recorded in progenies having dark green (136 A) needle colour, followed by green (137 B) needle colour. Progenies with yellowish- green (145 A) needles gave lowest oleoresin yield. The maximum needle length (25.05 cm) and needle thickness (0.780 mm) were observed in Kopra P5 and Bagthan-PT- black centre, respectively. Whereas, minimum needle length (3.20 cm) and needle thickness (0.530 mm) were observed in Chretmansoo-P4 and Kaldoo- P10, respectively. For anatomical traits, Dibkon-P3 and Leda-P5 progenies recorded with maximum number of stomatal rows on round surface. Whereas, maximum number of stomata per mm of a row was obtained in Bagthan-PT-Black Top. Jubble-PT-Green Centre was evaluated as best high resin yielder with respect to turpentine content followed by Kopra-P5. Maximum percentage of rosin was observed in (80.06%) Bagthan-PT Black Base. Correlation studies between oleoresin yield and different traits of progenies projected highly significant and positive correlation with needle length and needle thickness whereas, significant and positive correlation was recorded with number of stomata per mm of a row. Genetic advance (320.28) and Genetic gain (35.51%) were found to be highest for oleoresin yield and heritability was highest (87.2%) for needle thickness. The factor analysis technique was applied to extract the basic factor underlying the observed characters of oleoresin yield. The first factor extracted was the combination of oleoresin yield, needle length, needle thickness and number of stomatal rows on round surface. Second and Third factors have been number of stomata per mm of a row and bark thickness, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, characters like needle length, needle thickness, number of stomata per mm of a row had significant effect on the resin yield; hence oleoresin yield can be predicted on the basis of these 3 characters.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MORPHOLOGY, REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PRODUCTION OF Oenothera biennis L.(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2011) THAKUR, USHA; DUTT, BUPENDERABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Studies on morphology, reproductive biology and production of Oeothera biennis L.” was carried out in laboratory and experimental areas of Department of Forest Products Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan during 2009-2010 with the objectives, to study the morphological features and reproductive biology and to study the effects of FYM and spacings on the growth and yield. The species was found to be annual/biennial herb having reduced stem with rosette of simple radicle leaves and after about 1 month growth emergence of branched single flowering shoot bearing cauline leaves which gradually dimnishing in size upward. Adventitious type of root system was found in this plant. Flowering starts from the 3rd week of July (20th July) i.e., 130 days after seed sowing and continued till 2nd week of October (10th October) i.e., about 3 months. Inflorescence was observed to be racemose type (spike). Flowers were Bracteate, sessile, complete, actinomorphic, tetramerous, tetracyclic, hermaphrodite, epigynous, yellow. The type of dichogamy present in its flower was protandry where anthers mature first as compared to stigma and where anther dehisce in bud condition while stigma become receptive at anthesis. Fruit set % under controlled cross (97.50%), open pollination (95.00%) and open cross (85.00%) were the highest values indicating preference for cross pollination compared with 97.50% and 62.50% fruit set under controlled self and bagging, respectively. In “Pollination studies” the species was found to favour cross pollination with 62.50% potential for self pollination. Seed set as a result of bagging, open pollination, open cross, controlled self and controlled cross conditions gave non-significant differences in seed germination percent (94.00 – 96.50 %) indicating the self as well as cross compatible nature of species. Self compatible nature of the species can be exploited for getting fertile inbred seeds especially of superior lines. In 2nd experiment four different treatments viz., T1(control), T2 (15t/ha FYM), T3 (30t/ha FYM) and T4 (45t/ha) with four spacings viz., S1 (30x30 cm), S2 (30x45 cm), T3 (45x45 cm) and T4 (45x60 cm) were studied to observe the impact of these treatments on production parameters. The treatment of 45 t/ha gave maximum plant height (160.9 cm), number of branches/plant (14.9), plant spread (80.2 cm), number of flowers/plant (297.4), number of capsules/plant (283.8), seed yield/plant (35.4 g) and seed yield/ha (220.4 kg). There were no significant effect of FYM on number of seeds per capsule and oil (%). Maximum values for number of branches per plant (17.5), plant spread (99.7 cm), number of flowers per plant (301.1), number of capsules per plant (285.4), seed yield per plant (42.6 g) were recorded at S4 (45x60 cm) spacing. Maximum value for plant height (166.1 cm) and seed yield per ha (255.6 kg) were recorded with S1 (30x30 cm) spacing. The plant height and seed yield/ha decreased with the further increase in spacing. Spacing also showed non-significant results on number of seeds per capsule and oil (%) of Oenothera biennis L.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHYTODIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS OF THEOG FOREST DIVISION, HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2011) PAL, DINESH KUMAR; DUTT, BUPENDERABSTRACT The present investigation was undertaken to study the plant wealth of Theog Forest Division, with main emphasis on medicinal plants. The study area lies between North latitudes 31º-5´ and 31º-10´ and East longitudes 77º-22´-30´´ and 77º-30´. This area is mostly situated in the west of Shimla District and comes under Theog and Kotkhai Sub-divisions. A total of 448 plant species, belonging to 314 genera and 120 families, were collected from the study area. Out of these, 353 species belong to Dicotyledons, 56 to Monocotyledons, 7 to Gymnosperms, 27 to Pteridophytes, 1 to Bryophytes, 3 to Fungi and 1 to Lichens. The predominant families among Dicotyledons were Asteraceae (31 genera and 45 species), Rosaceae (13 genera and 29 species) and Lamiaceae (20 genera and 25 species), whereas 37 families were found to be having only one genus and one species. Among the Monocotyledons, the most represented family was Poaceae (26 genera and 28 species), followed by Liliaceae (5 genera and 9 species) and Cyperaceae (5 genera and 7 species), whereas 4 families were having only one genus and one species. Pinaceae (4 genera and 5 species) and Dryopteridaceae (2 genera and 7 species) were found to be the most represented families among the Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes, respectively. As per habit type, these share 14.29% trees, 27.01% shrubs and 58.70% herbs in composition. Out of the total collected plants, 244 species have been designated as having medicinal importance and 54 species are aromatic, based on the available authentic literature. The ethno-botanical uses of 99 species have also been documented, based on the interactions with herbal healers, local Vaids, rural women, graziers and old experienced and knowledgeable informants. There is a great scope for further pharmacological research on some of these species. It is of prime importance to document the existing plant resources, which would be beneficial in formulating policies for their sustainable use, conservation and propagation. This fundamental approach of local inventory will help to enrich and strengthen the holistic approach of national and global biodiversity enumerations.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on relationship between resin duct characteristics and oleoresin yield in Chirpine(Pinus roxburghii Sargent)(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2009) MEENA, DHARM SINGH; SHARMA, K.R.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on relationship between resin duct characteristics and oleoresin yield in Chirpine (Pinus roxburghii Sargent)” was carried out in the laboratory of department of forest products and in the campus area of Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan- 173230 (H. P.) with the objectives to study the relationship between morphological parameters and resin duct characteristics with oleoresin yield. The trees were classified into three oleoresin yield classes i.e., high resin yielders (HRY’s), medium resin yielders (MRY’s) and low resin yielders (LRY’s). The oleoresin yield showed increasing trend with increase in diameter at breast height and number of bore holes. The maximum oleoresin yield (853 g/hole/tree) was obtained from first bore hole (B1) with 40-45 cm diameter class (D3). Higher oleoresin yielders were recorded in trees having dark green (136 A) needle colour, followed by green (137 B) needle colour. Trees with yellowish- green (145 A) needles gave lowest oleoresin yield. The needle thickness, needle length and bark thickness showed association with oleoresin yield. The average value for resin ducts parameters was recorded maximum in HRY’s and minimum in LRY’s. The number of vertical resin ducts/mm2 was found to be maximum in a HRY (R-93) and maximum value for diameter of vertical resin ducts was noticed in R-11 and R- 74, and minimum value of diameter in LRY’s marked as R-20 and R-58. The number of horizontal resin ducts/mm2 was maximum in a HRY (R-93) and the minimum numbers were observed in LRY’s (0.50). The maximum value for diameter of a horizontal resin duct (108 μm) was recorded in two high resin yielding trees (R-11 and R-93) and minimum value of diameter (54 μm) was noticed in LRY’s. To predict the oleoresin yield multiple component analysis was conducted and a regression equation was formulated, which indicated that six characters, viz. needle length, bark thickness, number of vertical resin ducts, diameter of vertical resin ducts, number of horizontal resin ducts and diameter of horizontal resin ducts, contribute maximum to the resin yield.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MORPHOHISTOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SOME Swertia spp.(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2011) MEHTA, ARUNA; RANA, R.C.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled studies on “Morphohistological and physicochemical evaluation of some Swertia spp.,” was carried out in the department of the forest products, Dr. Y. S. Parmar university of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (H. P) during 2008-2010. The study was carried out under four experiments on five Swertia species viz. S. chirayita, S. alata, S. angustifolia, S. cordata and S. purpurascens. Excepting S. chirayita which was procured from the university farm at shilly, the remaining four species were collected from their natural habitats from the district of Shimla and Solan. In 1st experiment i.e. “Morphological and histological studies”, morphological features of the five species were recorded for plant height, number of side branches, number of prominent veins, type of leaf, stem and inflorescence. S. cordata and S. purpurascens were pentamerous species with five sepals and petals whereas S. chirayita, S. alata and S. angustifolia were tetramerous with four sepals and four petals each. Both tetramerous and pentamerous species showed bicarpellary syncarpous ovary. Swertia chirayita was differentiated from other tetramerous and pentamerous species on the basis of the two nectar glands present at the base of each petal whereas the other species showed single nectar gland only. Among histological parameters stomatal index, stomatal size (length and breadth), trichome types, T. S. of stem and V. S of leaf were studied. The shape of epidermal cells was observed to be strongly wavy in S. angustifolia and S. purpurascens and mildly wavy in S. cordata whereas, in S. chirayita and S. alata it was angular. Both unicellular as well as multicellular trichomes were observed in all the species. The type of stomata offered a good distinction as S. chirayita was found to have anisocytic type of stomata whereas all the other species showed anomocytic type only. Stomatal index ranged from 31.98±0.42 in S. angustifolia to 18.69±0.20 in S. cordata. Amphiphloic siphonostele was present in all five Swertia species. Cellular inclusions were present in S. chirayita and S. angustifolia only. Endodermis was quite distinct in S. chirayita than other species. In 2nd experiment i.e. “Thin layer chromatographic profile of extract of some Swertia species in different solvent systems. TLC of methanol extract found effective in differentiating S. chirayita from other species due to presence of amarogentin only in S. chirayita. In 3rd experiment i.e. physico-chemical evaluation, the plants of five Swertia species were analyzed for their physicochemical values viz. total ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash, alcohol soluble extractives and water soluble extractive. Total ash was found maximum in S. cordata (5.81%) and minimum in S. purpurascens (4.00%). Acid insoluble ash contents for all the five Swertia species was observed minimum (0. 51%) in S. alata and the maximum in S. cordata (0.94%). Sulphated ash was found maximum in S. chirayita (7.78%) and minimum in S. purpurascens (5.24%). Alcohol soluble extractives were found minimum in S. purpurascens (15.20%) and maximum in S. angustifolia (22.03%).Water soluble extractives were found minimum in S. purpurascens (18.20%) and maximum in S. angustifolia (24.40%). The 4th experiment i.e. “studies on the stability of bitter compounds of Swertia chirayita in different solvent systems”, in this experiment pure amarogentin compound was stored in methanol, methanol:water mixtures (75:25, 50:50. 25:75) and water. The result showed maximum decrease in amarogentin content in methanol:water mixtures which reduced from original value to 18.35-27.81%ThesisItem Open Access Studies on morphological variation and breeding system in Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex Flem.) Karst.(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2011) PATIL, PRABHURAJ; RAINA, R.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on morphological variation and breeding system in Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex. Flem) Karst” was carried out in laboratory and Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Farm, Shilly Solan during 2009-2010. In the first experiment “Characterization of qualitative and quantitative morphological variation in seed raised population”, four distinct morphotypes based on phyllotaxy were identified in population raised through open population set seed. In the second experiment “Biochemical evaluation of identified variants” identified morphotypes were observed to be different from each other in terms of Amaroswerin and Amarogentin content in root, stem and leaves with morphotype III being the best. In the third experiment “Determination of anther dehiscence and stigma receptive stage” the species was found to be protogynous with the possibility of forced bud pollination also. In the fourth experiment “Meiotic studies” the species was found to be diploid with 2n=26 with perfect meiosis and 68.6% of pollen stainability. In the fifth experiment “Pollination studies” the species was found to favour cross pollination with 34.80% potential for self pollination. The different pollination methods applied viz., open, autogamous, geitonogamous and xenogamous didn’t impact seed germination percentage. In sum, the study revealed the existence of different morphotypes based on phyllotaxy that can be correlated with specific concentration of Amarogentin and Amaroswerin, the most valuable bitter compound of the species and also the mostly cross compatible nature of the species. The self fertilizing potential of the species can be exploited for raising inbred seeds for superior /distinct types.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EFFECTS OF SPACING, DECAPITATION AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF Swertia chirayita (Roxb. ex. Flem.) Karst.(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2010) SHARMA, MUKESH; SHARMA, YASH PALABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on effects of spacing, decapitation and biofertilizers on growth and yield of Swertia chirayita (Roxb. Ex. Flem.) Karst.” was carried out in laboratory and experimental area, located at Shilly of the Department of Forest Products, during 2008- 2010.The investigation was based on 3 experiments : (1) Effect of spacing and decapitation on growth and yield (2) Effect of biofertilizers on growth and yield (3) Visualization of mycorrhizae association in roots. With the increase in pinching height, there is increase in all the growth and yield parameters and maximum mean plant height (116.90 cm), mean number of branches (7.44), mean fresh aerial biomass per plant (57.10 g), mean fresh root biomass per plant (4.521 g), mean dry aerial biomass per plant (14.91 g), mean dry root biomass per plant (1.148 g), mean whole plant fresh biomass per plant (61.62 g), mean whole plant dry biomass per plant (16.05 g) and mean expected dry biomass yield (11.80 q/ha) were recorded under 40 cm decapitation/pinching height. Among all the spacing, mean fresh biomass yield per plant (49.17 g/plant) and mean dry biomass yield per plant (13.30 g/plant) were maximum under 30 x 45 cm spacing. Combined application of biofertilizers containing Azotobacter and VAM at nursery as well as transplanting stage resulted in maximum plant height (181.7 cm), fresh stem biomass (129.50 g/plant), fresh radical leaves biomass (54.47 g/plant), fresh cauline leaves biomass (10.92 g/plant), fresh root biomass (11.64 g/plant), dry stem biomass (29.08 g/plant), dry radical leaves biomass (11.79 g/plant), dry root biomass (3.54 g/plant), whole plant fresh biomass (206.70 g/plant) and whole plant dry biomass (46.77 g/plant).The amarogentin content ranged from 0.171 to 0.238 percent in radical leaves, 0.144 to 0.443 percent in cauline leaves, 0.216 to 0.334 percent in stem, 0.210 to 0.388 percent in roots and amaroswerin content ranged from 0.125 to 0.248 percent in radical leaves, 0.142 to 0.365 percent in cauline leaves, 0.026 to 0.079 percent in stem and 0.019 to 0.050 percent in roots of Swertia chirayita in different treatments of biofertilizers. Statistically at par value for amarogentin yield per plant and amaroswerin yield per plant were observed under treatment in which Azotobacter, PSB and VAM were applied only at nursery stage and treatment in which Azotobacter and VAM were applied both at nursery as well as transplanting stages. All the plants treated with VAM inoculum show the mycorrhizal association.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD OF PROMISING WILLOW CLONES(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2010) KILEMWA, ALOYCE M.; SHARMA, K.R.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on physico-chemical characteristics of wood of promising willow clones” was carried out at the established trial plots by Department of Tree Improvement and laboratory of the Department of Forest Products, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during the year 2009-10. The experimental site lies in the mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh with an elevation of 1250 m above mean sea level. It is located at 15 km south east of Solan with 30o 51¢ N latitude and 76o 11¢ E longitude (survey of India Toposheet no. 55 F/1). The experimental area situated at the University Campus. The study revealed significant variation between physico-chemical characteristics of wood of promising willow clones. Among different physical characteristics clone 212/03 registered significantly maximum height, diameter and wood percentage of 12.43m, 9.87cm and 87.07 percent, respectively. The maximum bark percentage of 36.13 percent was exhibited in clone SI-63-016. Also moisture content, specific gravity and fibre length showed significant variation. The maximum moisture content of 110.49 was found in clone 131/25, specific gravity of 0.81 in clone MB-368 and fibre length of 1.93mm in clone 172. Among chemical characteristics of wood of promising willow clones, significant variation was observed for those parameters studied. The maximum cold water extractives, hot water extractives, alcohol-benzene extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents was noticed in clones SI-64-17 (7.67 percent), NZ-1002 (11.33 percent), PN-721 (7.10 percent), V-99 (26.33 percent) and 131/25 (79.33 percent), respectively. The wood percentage had highly significant positive correlation with other studied physical parameters viz. diameter and height. Also significant positive correlation was seen between diameter and height, moisture content and holocelulose content, and moisture content and height. The highly significant negative correlation was observed in bark percentage and wood percentages followed by bark percentage vs. diameter, fibre length vs. hot water extractives, bark percentage vs. height and diameter vs. specific gravity. Slightly positive and negative correlations were shown between extractives. Highly significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were obtained between diameter and wood percentage while highly negative genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were noticed between wood percentage and bark percentage. Wide range of variability was seen for all the physico-chemical characteristics of wood of promising willow clones. The values for phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain ranged between 2.51-35.63 percent, 2.09-30.49 percent, 24.00-92.00 percent, 0.03- 31.20 and 3.95-53.73 percent, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MAJOR SWEET COMPOUNDS OF Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni WITH GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER MID HILL CONDITIONS(UHF,NAUNI,SOLAN, 2010) NEENA, KUMARI; RANA, ROMESH CHANDABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on major sweet compounds of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni with plant growth and development under mid hill conditions” was carried out in the experimental field at Nauni and laboratory of the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni- Solan (H.P.) during 2008-2009. The research work was based on four experiments. In the 1st experiment i.e. “Extraction and purification of major sweet compounds from Stevia rebaudiana”, the two major compounds (Stevioside and rebaudioside-A) were extracted with methanol from leaves. The analytical method for stevioside and rebaudioside-A was standardized through HPLC system on amino column using acetonitrile: water (80:20) as the solvent system and Detection was made at 210 nm. In the 2nd experiment i.e. “Studies on variation in major sweet compounds with plant growth and development”, observations were recorded for leaves, green stem and woody stem for fresh weight, dry weight, stevioside and rebaudioside- A contents, stevioside and reabaudioside-A yields per plant at different plant growth and development stages from March to September months. Fresh and dry weights increased from March month onwards and maximized in July month for both leaves (fresh weight-755.90g, dry weight-215.80g) and green stems (fresh weight-414.30g, dry weight-118.50g) whereas woody stem portion showed maximum fresh (620.00g) and dry weights (245.90g) in September month. Maximum stevioside content in leaves (8.55%) was found in June month (vegetative stage) and in green stems (0.82%) and woody stems (0.33%) in September month (flowering stage). Rebaudioside-A content was found maximum in leaves (7.00%) in August (vegetative stage) whereas in green stem (0.93%) and woody stem (0.18%) in September (flowering stage). On single plant basis leaves showed maximum yields of stevioside (17.60g) and rebaudioside-A (13.75g) in July month whereas in green stems and woody stems it was in September month (green stems: 0.83g stevioside and 0.94g rebaudioside-A, Woody stems: 0.82g stevioside and 0.45g rebaudioside-A). On whole plant basis maximum values for fresh weight (1673.00g), dry weight (517.00g), yields of stevioside (18.55g) and rebaudioside-A (14.82g) were found in of July.Leaf: stem ratio in the samples decreased from 5.31 in March to 0.12 in September.The 3rd experiment was on “Studies on the variation in sweet compounds in different plant parts”. In the open field grown plants, leaves at pre-flowering stage showed maximum stevioside (8.20%) and rebaudioside-A (7.00%) whereas green stems showed maximum content of stevioside (0.82%) and rebaudioside-A (0.93%) at flowering stage. In woody stems, both the sweet compounds lied in a narrow range (stevioside: 0.21-0.33%, rebaudioside-A: 0.15-0.23%).In the polyhouse grown plants, pre-flowering stage showed maximum contents of both the sweet compounds in the leaves (Stevioside-9.19%; rebaudioside-A-5.51%) and green stems (stevioside-0.92%; rebaudioside- A-1.07%). In woody stems both the sweet compounds were in low percentage (stevioside- 0.21-0.27%; rebaudioside-A-0.09- 0.39%) in woody stem. In the 4th experiment i.e. “Effect of different drying conditions on percentage of major sweet compounds” the stevioside and rebaudioside-A contents of the leaves dried under open sun, shade and in the oven (at 60oC) did not show significant difference.