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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access NURSERY EVALUATION OF WILLOW (Salix spp.) CLONES(2016) LEENA, KUMARI; THAKUR, I.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Nursery evaluation of willow (Salix spp.) clones” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y S Parmar Universityof Horticulture and Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2015-2016. Forty two clones of willow were procured from the existed clonal material in the department. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the clones. Clone T1 [PN227 (S. matsudana) ×131/25(S. babylonica × S. alba)] was found to have maximum value for height, T7 [PN227 (S. matsudana) × AUSTREE (S. alba × S. matsudana)] was found to have maximum value for volume index and clone T25 [PN227 (S.matsudana) × S. tetrasperma] was found to have maximum values for biomass traits. Maximum value for specific gravity was exhibited by clone T13 [PN227 (S. matsudana) × AUSTREE (S. alba × S. matsudana)]. Fibre length was observed maximum in T26 [PN227 (S. matsudana) × S. tetrasperma]. Variability estimates depicted that volume index, leaf area and all biomass characters showed high heritability value with corresponding high genetic gain among the growth traits. Correlation coefficients were found positive and significant among the most of the characters; wood per cent was recorded to have negative correlation with others traits.RAPD pattern was studied using 11 primers out of which 9 showed amplification with 100 per cent polymorphism. Thirty nine scorable were identified in the range size of 150.22 2188.65bp. The Dendrogram generated using RAPD markers showed clone T19 [PN227 (S. matsudana) × NZ1179 (S. matsudana × S. alba)] as most divergent with 33 per cent similarity. Maximum similarity of 61 per cent was observed between clone T5 [PN227 (S. matsudana) × AUSTREE (S. alba × S. matsudana)] and T11 [PN227 (S. matsudana) × AUSTREE (S. alba × S. matsudana)].ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DOMESTICATION OF Withania somnifera (L.) DUNAL UNDER MID HILL CONDITIONS(2016) MEHTA, ARUNA; RAINA, RAVINDERABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on domestication of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal under mid hill conditions” was carried out in the experimental field and Laboratory of the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2011-2015. In the first experiment “Morphological and yield studies” accessions with annual as well as perennial habit were observed. All the investigated accessions showed differences in lamina shape w.r.t basal, middle and terminal leaf and grouped into five lamina shape classes based on observed ovate, broadly ovate, obovate, elliptic and ovate-elliptic lamina shape. Wavy as well as entire margined leaves were present in all the accessions. Maximum plant height (59.87cm) and forking point height (38.15cm) was observed in UHF Local and AGB-040 respectively. Maximum dry root yield (1726.67 Kg/ha) was observed in AGB-004 accession however, maximum main root length (20cm), root diameter (0.94cm) and collar diameter (0.48cm) was observed in AGB-002. S2 season (sowing in March 2014 and harvesting in November 2014) excelled over the S1 season (sowing in July 2013 harvesting in December 2013) in terms of higher root yield. Maximum withaferin-A content (0.075% in S1 and 0.050% in S2) was obtained in accession JA-134 while maximum withanolide-A content (0.081% in S1 and 0.192% in S2) was obtained in UHF Local and AGB-004 respectively. Maximum 12-deoxywitastramonolide content (0.019% in S1 and 0.037% in S2) was observed in AGB-025 and JA-20 respectively. In the second experiment “Floral biology” No inter-accessions difference in floral characteristics was noticed amongst the thirteen accessions evaluated and the type of dichogamy present in its flower was protogynous. Pollen to ovule ratio ranged from 617.73 (AGB-040) to 717.39 (HWS-08-14). Red as well as yellow coloured fruit was present.T6 was observed to be early flowering (98 days) as well as early maturity type (147 days) while accession T10 being the last (155 days and 222 days respectively). Maximum filament (1.77mm) and style length (3.28mm) was observed in JA-100 and AWS-2B respectively. S2 season (sowing in March 2014 and harvesting in November 2014 excelled over the S1 season (sowing in July 2013 and harvesting in December 2013) in terms of higher seed yield kg/ha however, maximum seed yield (1039.21kg/ha) was obtained in AGB-003. In the third experiment “seed germination studies” maximum germination percentage (92.67%), mean daily germination (2.18), maximum peak germination value (3.16), maximum germination energy index (0.64) and shorter germination duration (18.33 days) was observed in JA134. Hydroprimed seeds (seeds soaked for 24 hrs in distilled water before sowing) had higher germination percentage as compared to non-hydroprimed seeds. In fourth experiment “chromosomal studies” all the accessions constituted a single cytotype (n=24; 2n=48) with normal meiosis and high pollen stainability (80.14 to 88.74%). In fifth Experiment “Pollination studies” the breeding system operating in this species appeared to be mixed mating type with both self-pollination and out-crossing contributing. The species appears to be about 34% cross and 66% self pollination under mix mating system of pollination.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION IN EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARD AT NAUNIIN SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2016) BAMBRA, AKSHAY; AGRAWAL, GHANSHYAMABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Soil Loss Estimation in Experimental Orchard at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out with a view to ascertain the physical, chemical and hydraulic properties, erodibility characteristics under various land use and sediment and nutrient losses in orchard land use. Accordingly, eight representative soil samples from two different depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm were collected from three different land uses thus making the total number of samples 24. Soil samples were analysed for physical, chemical, hydraulic and erodibility characteristics. Runoff studies were carried out to estimate soil and nutrient losses from orchard land use. Results revealed that the soils of the area were neutral to slightly acidic in reaction which is conducive for availability of nutrients both from the native as well as from the applied sources. The dominant soil texture was observed as gravely loam soils. The soils were characterized by high bulk density, inadequate moisture retention and slow to moderate hydraulic conductivity. The fertility status of soils indicated that these were low to medium in available N, high in available P and medium in available K. Soils in all plots were found erodible in nature according to values of erodibility indices. The values of rainfall erosivity index (RUSLE), soil erodibility factor (KUSLE), topographic factor (LSUSLE), crop cover & management factor (CUSLE) and conservation practice factor (PUSLE) were found to be 109.62 MJ ha-1 cm hr-1, 0.41 t ha-1 ha h MJ-1 cm-1, 0.45, 0.10 and 0.60, respectively for the study area. The seasonal soil loss estimated by USLE model was found to be 1.21 t ha-1 against the observed value of 1.11 t ha-1. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of USLE model ascertains a close relationship between observed and soil loss estimated by USLE. Total nutrient losses i.e. total nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were estimated 76.03 kg haˉ1, 14.86 kg haˉ1 and 45.87 kg haˉ1, respectively. The soil loss was found in low range. Hence, the study further suggests that there is a need to adopt appropriate soil and water conservation measures for controlling the runoff and nutrient losses, thus sustaining the productivity of the area.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MECHANICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CEDRUS DEODARA (ROXB.) G.DON(2016) SHARMA, JYOTI; SHARMA, KULWANT RAIABSTRACT The present research investigation entitled “Studies on mechanical and physicochemical properties of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don” was carried out in the department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr Y S Parmar university of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during the years 2014-15 and 2015-16. Chemical analysis was carried out by employing TAPPI (Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry) standard methods. The mechanical strength properties were determined on UTN-10 (Universal Testing Machine) by following standard procedures. The result revealed that maximum moisture content was observed in wood samples collected for Nankhari (91.09%) population. Highest specific gravity (0.5138) and tracheid length (4.82 mm) were recorded for the samples collected from Chopal. The chemical properties viz. Cold water soluble extractives, hot water soluble extractives, alcohol benzene extractives, lignin content and holocellulose content ranged between 4.62-5.86 per cent, 5.78-7.01 per cent, 9.10- 12.01 per cent, 22.98-27.92 per cent and 64.45-70.06 per cent, respectively. Samples collected from Kandyali population showed maximum cold water solubility (5.86%), hot water solubility (7.01%) and alcohol-benzene extractives (12.01%). Highest lignin content (27.925) was recorded for Chhichhad population and holocellulose content (70.06%) was noticed to be maximum at Dahiya. The bending strength (0.0038 kN/mm2), tensile strength (0.0438 kN/mm2), compression perpendicular to grain strength (0.0282 kN/mm2) and compression parallel to grain strength strength (0.068 kN/mm2) were noticed to be maximum in Kufri samples. MOR (0.00045 kN/mm2) was found to be highest for samples collected from Chopal population. Out of total 101 combinations of simple correlation coefficients, 25 were found to be positive and significant and 8 were found to be negative and significant. R2 value for specific gravity was noticed to be highest due to different physico-chemical parameters under study. Highest heritability (H2) was recorded for specific gravity (99.58%). The phenotypic coefficients of variation were noticed to be higher than genotypic coefficients of variation.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BAMBOO SPECIES AND MULCH MATERIALS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF TURMERIC CROP (Curcuma longa L.)(2016) KIKON, GRACE; BHARDWAJ, D.R.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Effect of bamboo species and mulch materials on the productivity of turmeric crop (Curcuma longa L.)” was carried out at the experimental field of Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H. P.) during 2014-2015. The study was undertaken with the three objectives (a) to study the effect of bamboo species and mulch material on turmeric growth and yield behavior. (b) to study the impact of bamboo species and mulch material on soil physico-chemical characteristics. (c) to work out the cost-benefit analysis of turmeric cultivation under bamboo-based agroforestry system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising of two bamboo species viz., Dendrocalamus asper and D. hamiltonii and sole cropping, under which turmeric crop was grown with 9 treatments viz., T1 (Pinus roxburghii + FYM + RDF), T2 (Artemisia vulgaris + FYM + RDF), T3 (Lantana camara + FYM + RDF), T4 (Celtis australis + FYM + RDF), T5 (Alnus nitida + FYM + RDF), T6 (Ulmus villosa + FYM + RDF+, T7 (Toona ciliata + FYM + RDF), T8 (FYM + RDF) and T9 (RDF). Treatment T2 showed best results in most of the growth and yield attributes of turmeric crop viz., plant height (cm), No. of leaves per clump, leaf length (cm), leaf breadth (cm), Wt. of mother rhizome (g) per plant, Wt. of primary fingers (g) per plant, No. of secondary fingers per plant, Wt. of secondary fingers (g) per plant and yield (ton ha-1). Sole cropping displayed better results for yield traits for turmeric when compared to D. asper and D. hamiltonii. Various soil physico-chemical properties like OC, available N and K showed maximum value in T5 (Alnus nitida + FYM +RDF). However, available P was reported maximum value in T7 (Toona ciliata + FYM + RDF). Further, soil moisture content (%) reported higher value under D. hamiltonii. LTR (%) recorded during the investigation period, reduced by 40% under bamboo canopy. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that yield reduction (15.24 %-17.18 %) under the bamboo canopy is more or less compensated by increase in curcumin content (16.44 % - 19.86 %) under bamboo canopy over sole cropping. The mulch of species like Artemisia vulgaris and Pinus roxburghii (which are available in plenty in the region) can be used for enhancing the fertility status and returns from turmeric cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access VARIABILITY STUDIES ON Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus POPULATIONS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(2016) SANGEETA, DEVI; SANKHYAN, H.P.ABSTRACT The present study entitled, “Variability Studies on Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus Populations in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in the Natural forests, experimental field and laboratory of the Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2014-16. In order to select best sites for improved genetic gain and quality production of Quercus leucotrichophora, eight sites and three D.B.H. classes from Himachal Pradesh were evaluated on the basis of morphometric traits, progeny performance traits, oil content, physico-chemical characteristics of fatty oil and nutritional value of deoiled cake. The study revealed significant variation among different sites for traits viz., tree height, clean bole height, crown width, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, shoot length, root fresh weight, root:shoot fresh weight ratio, root dry weight, root:shoot dry weight ratio, number of days to initiation of germination, number of days to complete germination, seedling survival percentage, percentage of seeds to acorns and protein content. Whereas, among the different diameter classes all the traits showed significant variation except number of primary branches, leaf area, leaf width, fresh leaf biomass, root length, root:shoot length ratio, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root:shoot fresh weight ratio, root dry weight,shoot dry weight, specific gravity, refractive index and saponification value. Over all site S8 (Salooni-Chamba) was found to be superior followed by site S6 (Manikaran-Kullu) for all traits. Diameter class D3 (>60 cm) excelled in morphometric traits, oil content, physico-chemical characteristics of fatty oil and nutritional value of deoiled cake.Whereas, for germination traits diameter class D2 (30-60 cm) showed best results. Correlation studies showed many significant positive and negatives values between different traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variability is higher than genotypic coefficient of variability for all traits which means that the characters have interacted with the environment to some degree of extent. Though the oil content in the seeds of Quercus leucotrichophora is less, but considering its wide distribution in Himachal Pradesh, this species can be tapped for oil and oil cake utilization. Oil of the species is recommended for soap preparation but not for paint and varnishes. Deoiled cake is recommended as good poultry feed.ThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND RESIN YIELD OF Pinus roxburghii(2016) SOOD, YOGESH; MAHAJAN, P.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Statistical investigation on growth characteristics and resin yield of Pinus roxburghii” was carried out at field of Department of Forest Products, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni, Solan Himachal Pradesh. The data was collected from 80 randomly selected trees of Pinus roxburghii. Different characters recorded were resin yield, diameter at breast height, tree height, bole height, bark thickness, crown width, number of branches, needle length, needle thickness, leaf area index, transmission coefficient and mean leaf angle. Trees of Pinus roxburghii were divided into 6 diameter classes ranging from 30-35 cm to > 55 cm. Maximum variability for resin yield, bark thickness and number of branches was found in 35- 40 cm diameter class and minimum variability was found in diameter class 30-35 cm for the characters crown width, needle thickness and mean leaf angle. Treatment 10% HCL + 10% ethephone was found to be best to extract resin, which was at par with treatment 10% HCL + 20% ethephone. Bore hole made in the month of June was found to be the best resin yielder which was statistically at par with bore hole made in month of May and September. Quadratic model can be used to predict resin yield with the character height. Two Principal Components were extracted which explains 61.84 per cent of the total variation. Using factor Analysis, two Factors were extracted which was a combination of (F1= Diameter at breast height, tree height, bark thickness) and (F2= transmission coefficient, mean leaf angle) which explained 45.116 per cent and 7.954 per cent of total variation respectively. Log logistic and lognormal distributions can be used to find out number of trees in different resin yield classes.ThesisItem Open Access SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION IN EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE FIELD AT NAUNI IN SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(2016) KANWAR, HIMANI; AGRAWAL, GHANSHYAMABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Soil Loss Estimation in Experimental Agriculture Field at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out with a view to ascertain the physical, chemical and hydraulic properties, erodibility characteristics and sediment and nutrient losses in the study area. Accordingly, three representative soil samples from two different depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm were collected from four different plots thus making the total number of samples 24. Soil samples were analysed for physical, chemical, hydraulic and erodibility characteristics. Runoff studies were also carried out to estimate soil loss and nutrient loss for study area. Results revealed that the soils of the area was neutral in reaction which is conducive for availability of nutrients both from the native as well as from the applied sources. The dominant soil texture was observed as gravely sandy clay loam soils. The soils were noted high bulk density, inadequate moisture retention and slow to moderate hydraulic conductivity. The fertility status of soils indicated that these were low to medium in available N, high in available P and medium in available K. Soils in all plots were found erodible in nature according to values of erodibility indices. The values of rainfall erosivity index (R), soil erodibility factor (K), topographic factor (LS), crop cover & management factor (C) and conservation practice factor (P) were found to be 109.53 MJ ha-1 cm hr-1, 0.33 t ha-1 ha h MJ-1 cm-1, 0.335, 0.39 and 0.6.respectively for the study area. The seasonal soil loss estimated by USLE model was found to be 2.86 t ha-1 against the observed value of 2.56 t ha-1. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of USLE model indicates that there is close relationship between observed and soil loss estimated by USLE. Total nutrient losses i.e. total nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were estimated 113.91 kg haˉ1, 32.13 kg haˉ1 and 107.37 kg haˉ1, respectively. The soil loss was found in low range. Hence, the study further suggests that there is a need to adopt best management practices to retain more water within the field to reduce runoff and sediment yield.