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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access VERIFICATION AND USABILITY OF MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECAST IN MID HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-12) BHATI, SALONI; JANGRA, MOHAN SINGHABSTRACT The study was conducted during 2019-20 to verify the medium range weather forecast in mid hills in state of Himachal Pradesh. Daily weather forecast and observed data for six parameters viz. rainfall, cloud cover, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind speed and wind direction were collected from for Nauni and Seobag for the period 2001 to 2020. The verification was done using different verification tools and trend was worked by Mann-Kendall test. For Nauni the ratio score was highest in post monsoon (90.5%) and lowest in (65.3%), CSI was highest (63.8 %) in summer and lowest during post monsoon (57.8%), HK score was highest (51.9%) in winter season and lowest in summer season (41.5%). Similar trend was observed at Seobag for these scores. The accuracy of rainfall forecast at Nauni was found highest for post monsoon season highest (97.0%) and lowest (62.8 %) for SWM and Seobag 91.6 & and 52.8 &, respectively. Among the six parameters the highest usable forecast accuracy was found for rainfall (90.3 %) followed by 88.1 % for wind speed, maximum & minimum temperatures whereas lowest (85.8 %) for cloud cover for Nauni. At Seobag it was 88.3 % for rainfall, 86.7 % which at par for wind speed, maximum & minimum temperatures and lowest cloud cover 85.2 per cent. The trend in correct forecast was increasing for all the parameters at Nauni and Seobag except cloud cover at Nauni. The increasing trend was highest (Z=3.41 & Q=0.304) for minimum temperature and lowest (Z=2.05 & Q=0.256) for wind speed but it was highest for maximum temperature at Seobag (Z=4.52 & Q=0.417). For both the station the trend in getting information from all the sources, mode of utilization and rating by the users was found increasing with Z-value ranged from 1.25 to 1.57. Maximum end users got information from newspaper (86.5%) and lowest from magazines (18.0%) and utilizing the information in plant protection measures, scheduling of irrigation, scheduling of different spraying and other intercultural operations. 88% users rated it as Excellent and Very Good and 12 percent as Good. In nut sell the weather based agromet advisories are spreading over time and space in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh with improved forecast accuracy which helping the farmers in reducing weather based crop losses hence, economic benefits.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF FOREST FIRES ON FOREST SOILS IN MID HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-12) BISHNOI, DEEPIKA; BAWEJA, PARMINDER KAURABSTRACT The present study entitled “Effect of Forest Fires on Forest Soils in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Chir pine and Mixed pine forest ecosystems were under the main campus of the University, Nauni, Solan under the Department of Environment Science, College of Forestry, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forest Three factors (forest ecosystems, sites and depths) each two depths was replicated five times using randomized block design (factorial). Representative soil sample of eight treatment combinations were collected and analyzed in order to record physical, chemical and biological properties. The effect of forest fire on forest soil showed significant variation in soil characteristics. Soil bulk density followed the trend as burnt mixed pine (1.80 g cm-3) > burnt chir pine (1.65 g cm-3) > un-burnt mixed pine (1.28 g cm-3) > un-burnt chir pine (1.23 g cm-3), respectively. Soil particle density followed as burnt mixed pine (2.87 g cm-3) > burnt chir pine (2.65 g cm-3) un-burnt mixed pine (2.54 g cm-3) > (2.43 g cm-3) un-burnt chir pine forest respectively. With increase in burnt site both parameters. Similarly, soil chemical parameter like soil pH followed the trend as burnt mixed pine (7.22) > burnt chir pine (7.11) > unburnt mixed pine (6.87) > un-burnt chir pine (6.06).The soil available potassium the trend as burnt mixed pine (509.70 kg ha-1) > burnt chir pine (301.92 kg ha-1) > un-burnt mixed pine (280.46 kg ha-1) > un-burnt chir pine (248.46 kg ha-1). With increase in all these parameters followed by burnt site. Heavy metals like soil copper content followed the trend as burnt mixed pine (0.72 mg kg-1) > burnt chir pine (0.69 mg kg-1) > un-burnt mixed pine (0.80 mg kg-1) > un-burnt chir pine (0.76 mg kg-1). The soil zinc content followed the trend as burnt mixed pine (4.42 mg kg-1) > burnt chir pine (4.22 mg kg-1) > un-burnt mixed pine (4.67 mg kg -1) > un-burnt chir pine (4.33 mg kg-1). Both of these parameters decrease in burnt site and increased in un-burnt sites. Soil biological parameters like viable soil bacterial count followed the trend as burnt mixed pine (80.77 x 104 cfu g-1) > burnt chir pine (75.95 x 104 cfu g-1) > un-burnt mixed pine (73.26 x 104 cfu g-1) > un-burnt chir pine (66.39 x 104 cfu g-1). The soil fungal count followed the trend as burnt mixed pine (8.11 x 101 cfu g-1 ) > burnt chir pine (6.68 x 101 cfu g-1 ) > un-burnt mixed pine (13.68 x 101 cfu g-1 ) > un-burnt chir pine (10.03 x 101 cfu g-1 ). With increase in burnt site in bacterial counts increased; whereas, fungal counts decreased was burnt sites. The study inferred that effect of forest fire on forest soils in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh has effected soil physicchemical and biological characteristics. The result of the present study recommend controlled burning in the both forest ecosystems which can increase the soil nutrient status.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FOREST TYPES ON SOIL QUALITY IN SHIMLA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-12) MANESHWAR; BAWEJA, P KABSTRACT The present investigations entitled, “Impact of different forest types on soil quality in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in six different forest types viz; forests under the Department of Environmental Science, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni Solan H.P during the year 2020-2021. Detailed analysis was done to assess soil quality based on physical, chemical and biological properties (13 soil parameters) utilized multivariate approach in Principle Component Analysis. The bulk density of soil under different forest types ranged from 1.21-1.63 gcm-3 while, particle density under different forest types ranged high under Deodar forest. Soil porosity varied from 38.68 to 46.31 % in all the six forest types. SOC was maximum (2.31%) under Deodar forest, while minimum (1.62%) under Chir pine forest. The available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content was ranged high under deodar forest with 434.47 kg ha-1, 39.35 kg ha- 1and 459.65 kg ha-1 respectively. The soil bacterial counts, fungal count and actinomycetes count under different forest types ranged from 68.21 to 78.69 (x 106 cfu g-1), 5.96 to 8.69 (x 103 cfu g-1) and 59.10 to 71.01(x103 cfu g-1) respectively and was found maximum under deodar forest. The SQI for different forest types ranged from 0.70 to 0.99 with maximum value of 0.99 under Deodar forest. The soil quality of Deodar forest (SQI >0.75) fallen under high quality, while Chir pine was in medium category (0.50ThesisItem Open Access ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES IN KANGRA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-12) SOOD, ALISHA; AGGARWAL, R KABSTRACT The investigation entitled “Environmental Accounting of Educational Institutes of the Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the period 2019-2021 in the department of Environmental Science, Dr YS Parmar university of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Six educational institutes of Palampur, district Kangra were selected for assessing the environmental accounting. Five parameters viz., energy, food, material, solid waste and water were taken to estimate ecological footprint. A pre tested questionnaire was used to conduct survey to determine the sustainability of the selected institutes on the basis of Environment Protection Agency scorecard. The ecological footprints of GSSS (girl’s), A.B.M. school, St. Paul’s school, SCVB Govt. Degree College, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KLB DAV (Girl’s) College during pre COVID-19 period were 20.757gha, 77.535gha, 118.334gha, 88.39gha, 82.885gha and 62.58gha and per capita ecological footprint was 0.289gha, 0.0519gha, 0.0605gha, 0.0467gha, 0.2077gha and 0.0829gha respectively. The ecological footprint of GSSS (girl’s), A.B.M. school, St. Paul’s school, SCVB Govt. Degree College, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KLB DAV (Girl’s) College during COVID-19 period was 0.00108gha, 0.0275gha, 0.247gha, 0.257gha, 0.407gha, 0.6039gha and per capita was 0.001636gha, 0.002gha, 0.00189gha, 0.06464gha, 0.00167gha and 0.00196gha respectively. The biocapacity per capita of GSSS (Girl’s), A.B.M. school, St. Paul’s school, SCVB Govt. Degree College, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, KLB DAV (Girl’s) College was 2.55gha, 0.557gha, 0.92gha, 0.131gha, 2.9gha and 2.23gha respectively. The average biocapacity per capita was found to be 1.548gha. The biocapacity per capita was higher than the per capita ecological footprint, which showed that selected educational institutes are in ecological reserve. The selected educational institutes of Palampur fell under the category of less than 60 and under the category of 60-120 sustainability scale, which showed that campuses sustainability pattern was quite good, as per the Environment Protection Agency sustainability scorecardThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF HOSPITALS IN KANGRA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) KARINA; BAWEJA, P KABSTRACT The current study, titled “Assessment of Ecological Footprint of Hospitals in Kangra District of Himachal Pradesh,” was conducted in the year 2020-2021 in selected Kangra District hospitals in order to evaluate the ecological footprint, which assessed the variety of different components, namely electricity, water, solid waste and food stuff, imposed by the hospitals on the natural environment. Material and food stuff components made the greatest impact to the hospital’s EF. Tanda hospital has the greatest EF (432.59 gha) while Dhiman hospital had the lowest (104.3 gha). Sukhmani hospital had the highest per capita ecological footprint (23×10-5 gha) while Balaji hospital had the lowest (38×10-5 gha). Sukhmani hospital had the biggest ecological footprint (7.91 gha) for the electricity component while Tanda hospital had the lowest (0.63 gha). For the water component, Vivekanand hospital had the highest EF of 0.75 gha and Sai Mahima Shukla hospital had the lowest EF of 0.008 gha. As a result, Tanda hospital had the greatest (263.99 gha) EF and Navjeevan hospital had the lowest (35.44 gha) EF for material component. Tanda hospital had the highest (54.4 gha) EF in the solid waste component, whereas Navjeevan hospital had the lowest (54.4 gha) EF (0.09 gha). For the food component, the maximum EF was observed in Vivekanand hospital (206.20 gha) and the lowest (48.74 gha) in Zonal hospital. In comparison to other hospitals, Vivekanand Hospital had the highest level of sustainability. Strategies for reducing the ecological footprint must be used in order to ensure sustainable resource utilisation. To lower the EF of hospitals, hospital staff and doctors should be encouraged to implement: (i) Use renewable energy and reduce energy consumption for example: Solar Panel, construct green building; (ii) control water tap leak, use water efficient systems in washrooms, recycling of water; (iii) reduce paper consumption and moving towards paperless administration; (iv) reduce food wastage; and (v) promote recycling and waste re-engineering. Furthermore, increasing awareness and comprehension of this idea is required so that hospital staff and patients understand the relationship between ecological footprint and biocapacity and how their behaviours affect their ecological footprint.ThesisItem Open Access ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING OF URBANIZATION IN MANDI TOWN OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) TANUJA; BRAHMI, M KABSTRACT The study entitled “Environmental accounting of urbanization in Mandi town of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out during 2020-2021 in the Department of Environmental science of the University. The study aimed at understanding the effect of town dwellers have on the biocapacity by quantifying the resource consumption using a formula-based methodology, in order to assess the ecological footprint which appraised the load of different components namely electricity, water, food, material (paper), solid waste and transportation imposed by the residents of Mandi town on the natural environment. Secondary data was collected through bills and primary data was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire was developed in order to assess the ecological footprint of the town by assessing the consumption pattern of dwellers on comparative basis and validated through f-test. The total ecological and per capita footprint of town was 2145.88 and 30.51 gha. The total and per capita EF of residential, commercial, industrial and rural area was 605.18, 643.27, 615.03, 282.58 gha and 5.16, 16.63, 1.49. 7.22 gha respectively and bio-capacity per capita was 0.049, 0.015, 0.021 and 0.282gha. Component wise contribution towards total EF was 314.11, 24.66, 807.59, 0.44, 164.89, 834.19 gha with respect to electricity, water, food, waste, material and transportation respectively. The food and transportation component had significantly contributed towards the EF of the all the selected areas of the town. The bio-capacity was found low and unable to sustain the population residing in the town. The highest contribution of food and transportation component of EF of the town might be ascribed to increasing urbanization in the Mandi town. To achieve sustainable resource usage, strategies to lower ecological footprint must be implemented. Residents should be encouraged to use: (i) Eco-driving, public transit, electric vehicle (ii) buy indigenous and organic, eat fresh grown vegetables(iii) reduced use of heavy meat (iv) energy efficient gadgets and initiate green buildings (v) waste recycling, kitchen gardening, install bio-gas plants (vi) water conservation, recycling (vii) promoting recycle and re- engineering of waste material (viii) solar energy usage to reduce EF in the town to maintain balance with the nature. People must adopt the concept of “Local for vocalThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF MID HILL REGION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) SHARMA, SHILPA; BRAHMI, M KABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Assessment of air pollution tolerance index of medicinal and aromatic plants of mid hill region in Himachal Pradesh’’was conducted in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2020-2021. The study aimed at determining the air pollution tolerance along with anticipated performance index of medicinal and aromatic plants. The commonly occurring thirty medicinal and aromatic plants comprised of seventeen herbs, six shrubs, three climbers and four trees in mid hill region of Himachal Pradesh were selected for the study. It was found that all the herbs, shrubs and trees under study behaved similar, whereas significant variation was observed in climbers for the APTI. The highest APTI was recorded in Spilanthes acmella (10.40); Murraya koenigii (7.735); Tinospora cordifolia (8.530) and Terminalia arjuna (5.770) with respect to herbs, shrubs, climbers and trees. The anticipated performance index of the selected medicinal and aromatic plants ranged from very poor to very good. Among the herbs, Spilanthes acmella with the highest tolerance index and Cymbopogon citratus with very good and Acorus calamus and Valeriana jatamansi with good performance score and among the shrubs, Murraya koenigii with the highest tolerance index and Vitex negundo with a moderate performance score and among the climbers, Tinospora cordifolia with the highest tolerance index and moderate performance score and among the trees, Terminalia arjuna with the highest tolerance index and moderate performance score can be suggested for plantations to manage the harmful effect of air pollution in the mid hill region of Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT OF HOSPITALS IN SOLAN TOWN OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) RAJPUT, TANVI; AGGARWAL, R KABSTRACT The study entitled “Assessment of Ecological Footprint of hospitals in Solan Town of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out during 2020-2021 in selected hospitals (1 government & 3 private) in order to assess the ecological footprint which appraised the load of different components namely electricity, water, food, material, transportation and biomedical waste, imposed by the hospitals on the natural environment. The total ecological footprint of all four hospitals of Solan town viz., Regional Hospital, Shiva Hospital, City Hospital and Sai Sanjivni Hospital was 1553.75 gha, 100.10 gha, 165.44 gha and 185.31 gha respectively. Highest EF (1553.75 gha) was noticed for Regional Hospital having comparatively large population i.e. 2034 and lower (100.10 gha) for Shiva Hospital having comparatively smaller population i.e. 167. Transportation and Material components registered the highest contribution towards the EF of the hospitals and lowest contribution was made by Biomedical Waste and Electricity components. The maximum EF per capita (6.02 gha) was exhibited by Sai Sanjivni Hospital and minimum (0.75 gha) by Regional Hospital. Component wise, the maximum ecological footprint (1.59 gha) for electricity component was observed for Regional Hospital and minimum (0.61 gha) for City Hospital. For water component, highest EF i.e. 5.184 gha was observed for Shiva Hospital and lowest i.e. 0.004 gha for City Hospital. For Food component only Regional Hospital accounts for food footprint 104.6 gha because of presence of canteen over there. For material component, Regional Hospital highest (374.13 gha) EF and Shiva Hospital, the lowest (6.39 gha). In case of transportation component, Regional Hospital accounts highest ecological footprint (1068.98 gha) and City Hospital, the lowest (75.154 gha). ). For biomedical waste component, highest EF was of Regional Hospital (1.5768 gha), whereas lowest was reported by City Hospital having value of about 0.000032 gha. Average EF of all selected hospitals was found 2004.6 gha, average per capita EF was 3.31 gha and Average bio-capacity of hospitals was 0.00095.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT HABITS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD IN SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2021-11) PATHANIA, KAMINI; BRAHMI, M KABSTRACT The study entitled “Assessment of Ecological footprint habits of rural household in solan district of Himachal Pradesh was carried out during 2020- 2021 in selected villages in order to assess the ecological footprint which showed the load of different component namely electricity, water, food, solid waste, transportation, material , imposed by the households on the environment. The ecological footprint of households in two blocks of Solan district viz Solan and Kandaghat was observed as 398.580, 262.400, 380.465, 253.651, 280.594, 331.595, 359.700, 338.350, 230.773, 266.920 gha respectively . The average ecological footprint of the two blocks were 315. 137 and 305.467gha. Highest EF (315.137gha) was noticed for Solan block having households with large population and lower ( 305.467) for kandaghat block having households with lesser population as compare to solan block. The villages of kandaghat registered the higher sustainability as compare to the Solan block. Food and Electricity components registered the highest contribution towards the EF of the households. Village wise, Oachghat village occupied the highest ecological footprint (398.58gha) and Kalhog, the lowest (230.773gha). The maximum per capita ecological footprint (15.210gha) was exhibited by Majghaon and minimum (6.345gha) by jatoli. Component wise, the highest ecological footprint (15.80 gha) for electricity component was observed for kadhar village and lowest (7.40gha) for Mahi. For water component, the maximum EF (0.002gha) was observed for shamti and lowest (0.0009gha) for kayari village. Accordingly for material component, village kalhog registered highest (0.073gha) EF and 0.012gha for kadhar village. In solid waste component, village kalhog exhibited maximum (0.990gha) EF, whereas the village oachghat showed the minimum value (0.378gha). For transportation component, Kadhar village showed the maximum ecological footprint (0.24gha) and kawarag, the minimum ecological footprint (0.10gha). The food component, Oachghat village registered highest EF (390.0gha), and kalhog the minimum (218.00gha). For some of the component like electricity, solid waste, food calculated ecological footprint was found above the International Standards, except for water and transportation. Kadhar village showed highest sustainability as compare to the other villages and Oachghat village the least. Strategies must be obtained to reduce the ecological footprint for the sustainable utilization of resources and to sustain our lifestyles for future. To reduce the ecological footprint people should be encouraged to adopt: a) to reduce the food wastage. b) Use public transportation instead of private vehicle. c) Turn off the electronic devices when not in use d) Consume lesser amount of water. e) Reduse, Reuse, Recycle the waste, paper material
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