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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SOLAR DRYER FOR DRYING OF WILD FRUITS GROWN IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-11) ANKUSH; AGGARWAL, R.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of solar dryer for drying of wild fruits grown in Himachal Pradesh” was carried out at the experimental farm of Department of Environmental science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during 2016-2017. Wild ber (Zizyphus mauriatiana L.), wild anola (Phyllanthus emblica L.) and wild bael (Aegle marmelos L. Corr.) were selected for present study and pre treated for drying. There were five treatments and three replications viz. untreated fruits dried in open sun (T1), treated fruits dried in open sun (T2), treated fruits dried in indirect solar dryer (T3), untreated fruits dried in indirect solar dryer (T4) and treated fruits dried in mechanical cabinet dryer (T5). Drying modes like mechanical cabinet drier, indirect solar drier and open sun were compared on the basis of various physicochemical and sensory quality characteristics. The ber, aonla flakes and bael slices from the best drying mode (mechanical cabinet drier; 60 ± 20C) possessing maximum desirable physico-chemical characteristics considered for shelf life analysis. Average drying time in open sun was 237.00 hours, 134.10 hours in solar dryer, and 22.23 hours in mechanical cabinet dryer. Average drying rate in open sun was 0.35 gram per hour, 0.63 gram per hour in solar dryer and 4.32 gram per hour in mechanical cabinet dryer. Average water activity of dried fruits was 0.364 in open sun, 0.327 in solar dryer and 0.276 in mechanical cabinet dryer. Cost of drying was minimum in indirect solar dryer for all fruits as compared to mechanical cabinet dryer. Treated wild ber, wild aonla and wild bael slices dried in indirect solar dryer (T3) were rated best among all drying modes on the basis of highest sensory scores of colour (8.60), texture (8.40), taste (8.60) and overall acceptability (8.53) for wild ber, colour (8.60), texture (8.40), taste (8.60) and overall acceptability (8.53) for aonla and colour (8.60), texture (8.40), taste (8.60) and overall acceptability (8.53 for wild bael. The fruit dried in indirect solar dryer and control (untreated fruits+ open sun) were packed in polyethylene pouches and stored for three months under ambient storage conditions. The physicochemical characteristics like moisture, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, reducing sugars and total sugars were changed slightly.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF CHEMICALIZED FARMING ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN MID-HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-09) POOJA, J; BHARDWAJ, S.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of chemicalized farming on environmental quality in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the year 2016-17 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. In order to identify the impact of different farming systems on soil and water quality in mid-hills of Solan district of HP four locations: Solan, Kandaghat, Chail and Nauni and six farming systems namely, traditional, organic, polyhouse, vegetable, flower and orchard were selected. Accordingly in total there were six treatments which were replicated four times under Randomized Block Design. In the region farming system wise variation in physico- chemical and microbiological properties indicated that practices under such systems has induced variations, however, found within the permissible range. The bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes counts under selected systems ranged from 67.25×104 to 92.67×104 , 4.75×103 to 8.17×103 and 29.17×104 to 41.17×104 cfu/g soil and soil microbial biomass ranged from 310.69 to 459.63 μg kg-1 In soil, available NPK ranged from 291.74 to 416.25, 21.64 to 38.41 and 309.08 to 408.23 kg ha-1, respectively, and exchangeable Ca, Mg, and available S ranged from 3.71 to 7.40 cmol (p+)/kg, 1.35 to 2.24 cmol (p+)/kg and 42.07 to 56.60 kg ha-1 under different farming systems. The farming systems of mid hills has been noticed to enhance the build up of toxic metals such as such as Fe, Mn, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in the soil above the permissible limits as prescribed by BSI (1992) and WHO (1993), except for Zn. The farming systems like flower, traditional, vegetable and orchard represented poor soil quality with respective values of 0.44, 0.45, 0.47, 0.48 and organic, and polyhouse were found be in medium range with the values of 0.60 and 0.58. The pH and EC of the water ranged from 7.63 to 7.76 and 0.24 to 0.40 dSm-1, respectively, and was within the normal range. The BOD and COD of water ranged from 0.78 to 1.63 and 17.50 to 32.53 mg l-1, chloride and nitrate ranged from 14.78 to 27.19 and 4.55 to 11.13 mg l-1, respectively, the values of BOD, chloride and nitrate was within the permissible limit whereas, COD was above the permissible limit as prescribed by BSI and WHO in all the systems except for organic farming. The heavy metals like Cd, Cr and Pb in water sources around the farming systems were within the range of 0.00 to 0.03, 0.05 to 0.40 and 0.03 to 0.14 mg l-1 which were above the permissible limits as prescribed by BSI and WHO, except for Zn and Fe. Therefore, on the basis of the present study it is concluded that in mid-hills of Solan district of HP the different farming systems has started impacting the soil and water quality and hence necessary measures need to be taken in time.ThesisItem Open Access ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN LAHAUL AND SPITI DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) CHHOERUP, TENZIN; AGGARWAL, R.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Energy consumption pattern in Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Lahaul and Spiti blocks of the district. The fuel consumption pattern indicated that the major fuels used were, wood (49.53%), cowdung (32.26%), kerosene (9.39%) and LPG (8.74%). On basis of income, maximum consumption of fuel wood was by household with monthly income of Rs. 4,000-8,000. LPG and cowdung were consumed maximum by income group of Rs. 8,000-16,000 per month. On basis of landholding fuelwood consumption was found maximum for landholding size of 1-2 ha, cowdung and LPG were consumed more by the income group of Rs. 8,000-16,000. On family size basis maximum fuel wood consumption was noticed for household with <4 members, cowdung and LPG in 7-8 members, and kerosene also in family size with <4 member. More APL families (80.91%) consume fuelwood for heating as compared to BPL families (76.0%) followed by cowdung which is consumed more by BPL (19%) than APL (16.36%). The APL families (84.09%) consume electricity for lighting as compared to BPL families (78%) followed by kerosene which is consumed more by BPL (22%) than APL (15.91%). People of tribal and remote area of the district place electricity as a first choice with about (91%) people and kerosene with (9.38%) people preferring the same. (79.38%) households consume fuelwood for heating followed by cowdung (17.19%), kerosene (2.19%) and electricity (1.25%) households. The study revealed that annual fuel wood consumption of the district was 905.2 tonnes all of which is being supplied by government on subsidize rates. The annual kerosene consumption of the district worked out to be 0.24 million liters. The annual LPG consumption of the district was estimated to be 32.0 tonnes and mainly for cooking. The Co2 emission from burning of conventional sources of energy worked out to be 2445.5 tonnes per annum in the district.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX OF TREES GROWING IN THE INDUSTRIAL AREA OF SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) WALIA, KASHISH; BHARDWAJ, S.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on air pollution tolerance index of trees growing in the industrial area of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh”was conducted during 2013-2014 in the industrial area of Baddi in Solan district of Himachal Pradesh. In order to select the site and study the vegetation distribution pattern, the survey of the region was conducted. Keeping in view the distribution of industries in the region five distances were selected from the central location of the industrial cluster namely: 0-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-400 m, 400-800m, > 800m. In order to select non polluted site as control the distance of more than 800m with less transportation, development and low industrial activity was considered. Three tree species namely Azadirachta indica, Dalbergia sissoo and Leucaene leucocephala of uniform age, size, spread and common in occurrence on all the five distances were selected for the study. In order to study tolerance and sensitivity of trees to air pollution Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of selected tree species was computed based on leaf physiological and biochemical parameters (ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, pH and relative water content). Dust accumulation on the leaves was recorded during (Rainy, Winter and Summer) season. The leaf dust load was also analyzed for heavy metal content. In total there were 45 treatment combinations which were replicated four times in Randomised Block Design (Factorial). The APTI of selected trees ranged from 8.60-14.98.The order of tolerance of selected tree species was A .indica (13.08) >L .leucocephal > (11.61) D.sissoo(10.68). Highest APTI was noticed in rainy followed by winter and summer season. The trend of APTI for trees growing at different sites was 0-100>100-200>200-400>400-800>800. The relatively higher APTI value of A.indica as compared to other species indicated its tolerance to pollution in industrial area.The dust load on leaves of selected tree species varied from 0.001- 0.085 g m -2 The dust accumulation on the leaves was found maximum 0.045g m -2 in L. leucocephala and minimum 0.018 g m -2 in A. indica, which followed the order of L. leucocephala>D. sissoo>A. indicaand season wise maximum in winter followed by summer and minimum in Rainy. The general trend of dust accumulation at different distances was 0-100>100-200>200-400>400-800>800(control). The dust load of all the species growing at different distances from the industrial area contained significant concentration of heavy metalslike Cd (0.008 – 1.332), Cu (0.040 – 0.980), Fe (6.483 – 25.153), Hg (0.094 – 3.275), Mn (3.503 – 15.085), Ni (2.983 – 93.685), Pb (0.170 – 24.615) and Zn (1.693 – 5.8900 mg kg -2 .The concentration of Cd (1.332 mg kg -1 ), Hg (3.275 mg kg -1 ) and Fe (25.153 mg kg -1 ) in leaf dust load of selected tree species was above t he normal permissible limit prescribed for soil.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF AIR POLLUTION TOLERANT TREES GROWING IN SOLAN CITY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) SHARMA, AKANKSHA; BHARDWAJ, S.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of air pollution tolerant trees growing in Solan city of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2013-2014 in Solan city of Himachal Pradesh. In order to study the vegetation distribution as well as to select the site survey of the city was conducted. Based on the survey five sites were selected as: i) control ii) residential iii) traffic iv) industrial v) periurban. In order to select non – polluted site as a control, the nearby forest / agriculture field areas surrounding the city, where in relatively less development activity has taken place. Three tree species namely: Ficus palmata, Pistacia integerrima and Polpulus deltoides of uniform age, size, spread and common in occurrence in all the five sites in the city were selected for the study. In order to study tolerance and sensitivity of trees to air pollution, Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) was computed based on physiological and biochemical parameters (ascorbic acid, chlorophyll, pH and relative water content). Dust accumulation on the leaves was recorded during rainy, winter and summer season. The leaf dust load was also analyzed for heavy metal content. In total there were 45 treatment combinations which were replicated four times in Randomised Block Design (Factorial). The APTI of selected trees ranged from 9.45- 13.49. T he order of tolerance of selected tree species was Ficus palmata (12.31) > Populus deltoides(11.76) > Pistacia integerrima (10.45) . The highest APTI was noticed in rainy followed by winter and summer season. The trend of APTI for tees growing at different sites was traffic >industrial > residential >peri - urban > control. The relatively higher APTI value of Ficus palmta as compared to other species indicated its tolerance to pollution in Solan city. The dust accumulation on the leaves of selected tree species growing at different sites in Solan city was found maximum 0.041 g m -2 in Ficus palmata and minimum 0.005 g m -2 in Populus deltoides, which followed the order of Ficus palmata> Pistacia integerrima>Polpulus deltoides and season wise maximum in winter followed by summer and minimum in rainy season. Trees grown at traffic area accumulated higher dust on their leaves as compared to control area (non-polluted). The dust load of all the species growing at different sites in Solan city contained significan t concentration of heavy metals like Cd (0.132 – 1.862) , Hg (0.007 - 7.216) , Pb (2.903 - 9.231) , Zn (0.783 - 3.708) , Ni(20.50 - 99.19) and Mn(12.06 - 16.32) . The concentration of Cd (1.862 mg kg - 1 ) and Hg (7.216 mg kg - 1 ) in leaf dust load of selected tree species was above the normal permissible limit prescribed for soil .ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON WEATHER PARAMETERS AND PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN KULLU DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2014) VIDYA, DEVI; AGGARWAL, R.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Study on weather parameters and people’s perception on climate change in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2013-2014 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Weather data for three stations (Bhunter, Katrain, Seobag) over the period (1991-2005, 1972-2008, 1999-2013) respectively and data related to people’s perception about climate change of Banjar block of Kullu district were analyzed. To know the trend of weather parameters on annually, seasonally, monthly, and weekly basis various measures of central tendency and variation (mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis) were computed. To know variability amongst three sites the Bartlett’s χ2 test was employed. Karl Person’s coefficient of correlation between all possible pairs of weather parameters viz., maximum temperature (X 1), minimum temperature (X 2), relative humidity (X 3 ), and rainfall (X 4 ) were worked out for three stations under study. Regression coefficient whereby different functions including quadratic, cubic, compound, growth, exponential and logistic functions were fitted and the best fit equations wasselected on the basis of r 2 value. The results of variability analysis revealedno significant trends for selected weather parameters. The variability amongst three sites revealed that there was significant variation in case of minimum temperature (X 2), relative humidity (X 3 ) and rainfall (X 4). However, no significant variation was found in case of maximum temperature (X 1 ) among the selected sites. There is a significant positive correlation between maximum temperature and minimum temperature (r = 0.66); relative humidity and minimum temperature (r = 0.79); rainfall and minimum temperature (r = 0.73) and rainfall and relative humidity (r = 0.90) for station Bhunter. The correlation studies for Katrain station revealed that there is significant positive correlation between relative humidity and minimum temperature (r = 0.62). Similarly for Seobag correlation matrix revealed that there is a significant positive correlation between maximum temperature and minimumtemperature (r = 0.73); relative humidity and rainfall (r = 0.43). In case of regression analysis cubic function was found to be best fit for selected weather parameters. This indicated the non linear trend between time and selected weather parameters over the study period. In regression analysis on annual basis the highest r 2 values for maximum temperature amongst three stations was 0.57 for Seobag, whereas for minimum temperature the highest r 2 value was 0.65 for Katrain, for relative humidity the highest r 2 value was 0.63 for Katrain and for rainfall the highest r 2 value was 0.44 for Bhunter. General perception of the people aboutthe climate change in the study area showed that climate change is affecting significantly the area of production, soil, natural resources and vegetations etc. They perceived variations in temperature, snowfall and rainfall, similarly the variation has been observed in actual weather data of three stations. The results from people’s perception and actual data are hinting toward the change in weather parameters.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON AIR POLLUTION STATUS IN SOLAN CITY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) SAHIL, KARTIKAY; AGGARWAL, R.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on air pollution status in Solan city of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out in Solan city of Himachal Pradesh with the aim to study the different air pollutants in Solan city and to find out the air quality index (AQI). The study was carried out at five selected locations classified as state highway, commercial area, national highway, old bus stand and industrial area during the post monsoon and pre monsoon seasons in the Solan city to monitor pollutants viz. RSPM (PM10), NRSPM, TSP, NO2, SO2 and VOCs. The maximum concentration of particulate matter (PM10) was found at commercial area (122.24 µg per m3) while the minimum concentration was found at state highway (75.18 µg per m3). The maximum concentration of total suspended particulate matter was found at commercial area with a mean value of 367.67 µg per m3 while minimum total suspended particulate matter was found at national highway with a mean concentration of 282.43 µg per m3. The maximum concentration of NO2 was found at commercial area with a mean value of 29.47 µg per m3 while minimum concentration of NO2 was found at state highway with a mean value of 18.19 µg per m3. The maximum concentration of SO2 was found at commercial area with a mean value of 8.25 µg per m3 while minimum concentration of SO2 was found at state highway with a mean value of 3.42 µg per m3. The maximum (6.46 µg per m3) mean concentration of VOCs was measured during premonsoon season and minimum (1.81 µg per m3) mean concentration of volatile organic compounds was measured during post-monsoon season. The correlation of weather parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall) with pollutants showed that the temperature has significant negative correlation with all the studied pollutants in post-monsoon season whereas, wind speed showed significant negative correlation with particulate matter (PM10), non-respirable suspended particulate matter (NRSPM) and total suspended particulate (TSP) in the same season. In pre-monsoon season, non significant correlation of meteorological parameters was found with all the studied pollutants. The air quality index during post monsoon and pre monsoon seasons at commercial area, old bus stand and national highway was “Moderately polluted” while at state highway and industrial area it was found to be “Fairly clean”. The investigation found that the maximum concentration of Fe was observed in the city followed by Manganese (Mn) while the concentrations of As, Pb, Ni and Cu was found in less concentration.ThesisItem Open Access AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE AND PERFORMANCE INDEX OF VARIOUS PLANT SPECIES AROUND NAUNI-SOLAN STATE HIGHWAY IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) HASEENA, K.; BHARDWAJ, S.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Air pollution and performance index of various plant species around Nauni-Solan State Highway in Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2015-2016 in the Department of Environmental Science, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni Solan H.P. Study aimed at understanding the seasonal variation in the biochemical parameters and determining the indices of Air pollution tolerance and Anticipated performance along with dust accumulation capacity of plants growing around the State Highway. Based on the survey a stretch of 15km from Nauni to Solan was selected. In the selected stretch of the road vegetation distribution was studied by using quadrat method. The commonly occurring six plant species namely Toona ciliata, Pinus roxburghii, Grewia optiva, Celtis australis, Jacaranda mimosifolia and Pistacia integerrima were selected for the study. In order to study the impact of vehicular activities on the plants, the horizontal distances of 0-5m and 5-10m were selected from both sides of the road . Two sesaons viz post-monsoon (October-November) and pre-monsoon (April-May) were considered. In total there were 24 treatment combinations which were replicated thrice under RBD factorial. In the selected species chlorophyll content and leaf abstract pH varies from 0.56-2.26 mgg-1 and 3.99-6.93 respectively which increased with increasing distance from the highway. Whereas relative water content and ascorbic acid decreased with increasing distance from the road with respective values 54.72-80.87% and 1.33-4.06 mgg-1 . The dust accumulation of the selected plant species ranged from 5 -59 mg m -2. Order of selected plant species according to the dust accumulation was Jacaranda mimosifolia (59 mg m -2 ) > Toona ciliate (42mg m-2) > Grewia optiva (17 mg m-2) > Pistacia integerrima (7 mg m-2 )> Celtis australis (5mg m2). The APTI of selected plant species varied from 6.79-10.40. The trend of APTI of the selected plant species was Toona ciliata (10.40) > Pinus roxburghii (9.92) > Pistacia integerrima (9.01) > Celtis australis (8.31) > Jacaranda mimosifolia (6.97) > Grewia optiva (6.79).The highest APTI was noticed in post monsoon season followed by pre monsoon season. The selected plant species growing at a horizontal distance of 0-5m were observed to have higher APTI as compared to those at 5-10m. The relatively higher APTI value of Toona ciliata as compared to other species indicated its tolerance to pollution in Nauni-Solan State Highway. The assessment of the API with respect to the selected plant species was observed to lie in the range poor to excellent. The Variation in the biochemical, physiological and tolerance level of the selected plant species growing alongside the State Highway indicated that vehicular pollution emitted on the roads have started impacting the vegetation growing alongside the road. However, Toona ciliata have shown its adaptability to the stress caused by the pollution. Hence, Toona cliata with higher tolerance and anticipated performance index can be suggested for plantations alongside the State Highway so as to intercept the air pollutants which act as health hazards to the people of the region.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF EFFLUENTS ON TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) CROP PRODUCTION(UHF,NAUNI, 2016) HANDA, SHREYA; THAKUR, MEENAABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of effluents on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) crop production” was carried during the year 2015-2016 in pot experiment in the experimental farm of Department of Environmental Science, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan which is located at an altitude of 1273 m amsl and at latitude of 35.5°N, longitude of 77.8°E. The study comprised of 13 treatments viz., T1 (75% of industrial effluent), T2 (50% of industrial effluent), T3 (25% of industrial effluent), T4 (75% of distillery effluent), T5 (50% of distillery effluent), T6 (25% of distillery effluent), T7 (75% of municipal effluent), T8 (50% of municipal effluent), T9 (25% of municipal effluent), T10 (75% of domestic effluent), T11 (50% of domestic effluent), T12 (25% of domestic effluent) and T13 (control, pond water). The whole set of experiment was conducted in 3 replications in CRD. The analysis of effluent (100%) indicated high pH in the range of 5.92 - 6.84, As content below permissible level, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe and Pb content above permissible level except for pond water, high, Hg content (much above the permissible level) and negligible amount of Ni. Statistically, highest total number of flowers (48.29) and highest total number of fruits (67.30) were recorded in treatment T12, whereas, statistically, lowest number of flowers 16.99 and lowest number of fruits 35.31 were recorded at treatment T1. Leaf area highest (34.20 cm2) and lowest (16.30 cm2) was recorded at treatment T10 and T3, respectively. Highest plant height of 138.70 cm and lowest of 70.00 cm was recorded in treatment T12 and T1, respectively. The number of branches varied from 2-3. The highest tomato fruit weight (86.04 g) and lowest (35.16 g) was recorded in treatment T10 and T1 and highest yield (699.00 g) and lowest (121.60 g) was recorded in treatment T12 and T1, respectively. The As, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb content was below permissible level, whereas, Fe content was above the permissible level for soil and Ni was negligible. Hg content varied from 1.17 to 2.05 ppm which was below the permissible levels except for treatment T10, T1, T4 and T7. Heavy metal content for tomato leaves and fruits was below the permissible level. The N, P, K values for soil, leaves and fruits of tomato varied from 191.99-309.40, 22.80-5.80, 104.00-140.50 kg/ha; 2.61-2.82, 0.65-0.86, 2.32-2.58% and 2.46-2.78, 0.54-0.79, 2.462.18%, respectively. The As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Hg content in the 6th instar of Spodoptera litura F. varied from 0.02 to 0.25 ppm, 0.02 to 0.47 ppm, 0.05 to 1.22 ppm, 2.20 to 19.60 ppm, 0.01 to 0.03 ppm, 0.02 to 4.35 ppm and 0.10 to 1.00 ppm , respectively. Larvae of S. litura were unable to complete their life cycle when fed on tomato leaves irrigated with treatments T1, T8 and T9. Pupal and adult deformities were observed in treatments T2, T7 and T11. Longest larval, pupal and total developmental period was recorded at treatment T7 (30.64±3.47 days). Shortest life cycle of 23.29±3.47 days was recorded for treatment T5 and longest in treatment T7. Since, total number of flowers, fruits and yield of tomato were highest at 25 per cent of domestic effluent as compared to control, from the study it can be suggested that domestic effluent after dilution up to 25 per cent can be used for irrigation purpose.