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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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Subject: Environmental Science × Author: SHARMA, PREETI × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2014 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IMPACT OF LAND USES ON WATER QUALITY OF KUNIHAR BLOCK OF SOLAN DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (2014) SHARMA, PREETI; VERMA, SUBHASH CHANDER
    ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Impact of land uses on water quality of Kunihar block of Solan district of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2013-2014 in the Department of Environmental Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Water samples were collected from surface as well as ground water under different land uses (urban, forest and agriculture,) during different seasons (rainy, winter and summer) from Kunihar block whereas aquatic insects were collected from surface water. At Arki pH (7.45), EC (265.04 μS/cm), TDS (325.47 mg/l), turbidity (5.97 NTU), BOD (1.49 mg/l), COD (10.13 mg/l ),Ca (71.41 mg/l), Mg (8.06 mg/l) and Cl (3.38 mg/l) and at Darlaghat, pH (7.53), EC (370.83 μS/cm), TDS (301.81 mg/l), turbidity (7.56 NTU), BOD (1.53 mg/l), COD (18.89 mg/l ), Ca (85.71 mg/l), Mg (7.50 mg/l) and Cl (5.63 mg/l) of surface water was maximum under urban land use whereas NO3 at both locations ( (Arki: 4.69mg/l; Darlaghat:4.92 mg/l) was maximum under agriculture land use. Seasonwise, at Arki pH (7.12), EC (249.94 mg/l),temperature (22.58oC), Ca (67.56 mg/l), Mg (6.99 mg/l) and Cl (3.14 mg/l) and at Darlaghat, pH (7.20), EC (346.98 μS/cm),temperature (26.46oC), BOD (1.33 mg/l), Ca (72.54 mg/l), Mg (6.35 mg/l) and Cl (4.44 mg/l) was maximum during summer season, whereas TDS (283.00 mg/l), turbidity (4.53 NTU), BOD (1.64 mg/l), COD (14.81 mg/l) and NO3 (3.86 mg/l) at Arki and TDS (292.79 mg/l), turbidity (6.20 NTU), COD (17.47 mg/l) and NO3 (4.28 mg/l) at Darlaghat was maximum during rainy season. At Arki, pH (7.24), EC (228.41 μS/cm), TDS (295.21 mg/l), turbidity (4.11 mg/l), BOD (0.68 mg/l), COD (8.77mg/l), Ca (85.14 mg/l), Mg (7.50 mg/l) and Cl (3.39 mg/l) and at Darlaghat, pH (7.29), EC (270.90 μS/cm), TDS (273.86 mg/l), turbidity (3.91 mg/l), BOD (0.81 mg/l), COD (11.52 mg/l), Ca (86.14 mg/l), Mg (12.62 mg/l) and Cl (4.82 mg/l) of ground water was maximum under urban land use whereas NO3 at both locations (Arki:3.50 mg/l ; Darlaghat: 3.88 mg/l) was maximum under agriculture land use. Seasonwise at Arki, pH (6.89), EC (230.41 μS/cm),temperature (17.42oC), Ca (75.50 mg/l), Mg (6.35 mg/l) and Cl (2.60 mg/l) and at Darlaghat, pH (6.96), EC (252.06 μS/cm),temperature (26.19oC), Ca (82.43 mg/l), Mg (10.67 mg/l) and Cl (4.06 mg/l) of ground water was maximum during summer season, whereas TDS (303.21 mg/l), turbidity (3.05 NTU), BOD (0.52 mg/l), COD (6.28 mg/l) and NO3 (3.35 mg/l) at Arki and TDS (263.00 mg/l), turbidity (3.68 NTU), BOD (0.67 mg/l), COD (10.50 mg/l) and NO3 (3.40 mg/l) at Darlaghat was maximum during rainy season. The colour of ground water varied from colourless to light brown. The odour of surface water varied between odourless to septic whereas ground water was odour free. Water quality index of surface water was minimum ( Arki:26.13;Darlaghat: 26.72) under forest land use and maximum under urban land use (Arki: 40.00; Darlaghat: 47.82). Maximum water quality index (Arki:28.25; Darlaghat: 34.73 ) was recorded during summer season and minimum (Arki: 18.03; Darlaghat: 29.30) during winter season. WQI of ground water was minimum under agriculture land use (Arki:25.56; Darlaghat: 26.66) and maximum under urban land use (Arki:31.35;Darlaghat: 33.43). EPT index at Arki was 106, 101 and 102 and at Darlaghat was 88, 109 and 103 under urban, forest and agriculture land use,respectively whereas seasonwise it was 62, 134 and 123 at Arki and 65, 128 and 127 at Darlaghat during rainy, winter and summer season, respectively.EPT biotic index at Arki was 4.00, 4.19 and 3.66 and at Darlaghat, 4.12, 3.77 and 4.10 under urban, forest and agriculture land use,respectively. Seasonwise, EPT biotic index at Arki and Darlaghat was 1.53, 0.91 and 1.50 and 0.94, 1.44 and 1.61 during rainy, winter and summer season, respectively. Family biotic index (FBI) at Arki and at Darlaghat was 4.01, 4.17, 3.66 and 4.12, 3.74 and 4.08 under urban,forest and agriculture land use,respectively. Seasonwise, FBI at Arki was 3.67, 4.49 and 3.67 and at Darlaghat was 4.33, 3.65 and 3.96 during rainy,winter and summer, respectively.Simpson’s biodiversity index at Arki was 0.88,0.99,0.90 under urban, forest and agriculture land use and at Darlaghat was equal (0.89)in all land uses. Simpson’s biodiversity index was 0.95, 0.96 and 0.96 at arki and 0.96, 0.95 and 0.97 at Darlaghat during rainy,winter and summer season, respectively. At Arki, maximum E.coli count ( Arki :6.78x105 cfu/ml; Darlaght:15.33x105 cfu/ml) was under urban land use and minimum under forest land use (Arki:1.33x105 cfu/ml;Darlaghat: 2.33x105 cfu/ml).Maximum E.coli count (Arki:4.56x105 cfu/ml; Darlaghat: 10.33x105 cfu/ml) was during rainy season and minimum during winter season (Arki: 2.78x105 cfu/ml;Darlaghat:6.11x105 cfu/ml). The Most Probable Number (MPN) for total coliform count of the surface water at Arki varied between 3.43 to 128 MPN /100 ml during different land uses and 35.03 to 63.83 MPN/100 ml during different seasons. MPN for total coliform count of surface water at Darlaghat varied between 7.37 to 330 MPN/100 ml under different land use and 76.87 to 155.07 MPN/100 ml during different seasons.