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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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Subject: Veterinary Physiology ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Physiological effect of cryoprotectants in freezing of embryonic fibroblast cells
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, 2022-09) Toufiki, Faijun; Bora, Arundhati
    Fibroblast cells are the most common cells of connective tissue and form structural framework. In the present study duck embryonic fibroblast cells were developed up to third subcultures and were cryopreserved in three freezing media consisting of freezing medium 1 (10% DMSO), freezing medium 2 (0.9 M Trehalose) and freezing medium 3 (10% DMSO+ 0.09 M Trehalose in 1:1). The cells conforming the morphologically characteristics of fibroblast like typical fusiform shape, turgor vitalis cytoplasm, centrally located nuclei and flame like migration pattern were used for the experiment. The effect of cryoprotectant at equilibration and at different time of post thaw was assessed by their viability and post thaw characteristics. Trypan blue is an azo-based hydrophilic, tetra sulfonated blue acid dye which is used to determine the number of viable cells present in a cell suspension. A viable cell will have clear cytoplasm and non-viable cell will have a blue cytoplasm. The viability percentage before cryopreservation the viability of the duck fibroblast was 90.75±0.047. For freezing medium 1 (10% DMSO), the viability percentage at equilibration was found to be 89.75±0.047 and subsequently at 7 days 89.61±0.064, at 14 days 89.30±0.035, at 21 days 89.06 ±0.011, at 28 days 89.69±0.14. For freezing medium 2 (0.9 M trehalose), the viability percentage at equilibration was found to be 87.69±0.82 subsequently at 7 days 86.73±0.14, at 21 days 86.42±0.04, and at 28 days 86.00±0.06. The viability percentage was significantly higher (p<0.05) in freezing medium 3 (10% DMSO+0.9 M Trehalose in 1:1) followed by freezing medium 1 (10% DMSO) and freezing medium 2 (0.9 M trehalose). For freezing medium 3 (10% DMSO + 0.9 M Trehalose in 1:1), the viability percentage was found to be at equilibration 90.39±0.084 and subsequently at 7 days 89.78±0.068, at 14 days 89.78± 0.068, at 21 days 89.71 ± 0.13, at 28 days 89.68±0.021 respectively. The revival of freezing media 3 (10% DMSO + 0.9 M Trehalose in 1:1) was found to be at 24 hours 14.12±1.65, at 48 hours 26.44±1.93, at 72 hours 40.44±2.27, at 84 hours 50.64±2.89, at 96 hours 59.32 ±0.23. For freezing media 1 (10% DMSO) the confluency was found to be at 24 hours 17.68±0.97, at 48 hours 32.32±0.99, at 72 hours 43.12±1.12, at 84 hours 49.56±0.18 and at 96 hours 59.28±0.14. For freezing media 2 (0.9 M trehalose) the revivability was found to be 24 hours 9.72±0.08, at 48 hours 14.84±1.14, at 72 hours 25.20±1.20, at 84 hours 44.56±0.30, at 96 hours 53.76±0.10. The confluency of freezing medium 3 was significantly higher (p<0.05) found better than freezing medium 1 and freezing medium 2. Found that both intracellular and extracellular cryoprotectant which may favor the normal physiological process at equilibration and at thawing. NANOG, a noble pluripotent marker was found to be present in the developed fibroblast cells as well as after cryopreservation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of selenium and zinc-oxide nanoparticles on cryopreserved semen quality and fertility of Assam hill goat
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, 2022) Abedin, Sayed Nabil; Baruah, Anubha
    Nanoparticles (NPs), due to their smaller size and unique surface properties can be incorporated into a variety of reproductive biology procedures. The present investigation was carried out from September, 2021 to July, 2022 on four (4) Assam Hill Goat bucks (10 ejaculates per buck) to investigate the effect of supplementing zinc oxide (ZnO) and selenium (Se) NPs in TRIS extender on seminal attributes, lipid peroxidation (LPO) profile, antioxidant enzyme activities viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), relative heat shock protein (HSP) mRNA levels and fertility of cryopreserved Assam Hill Goat semen. The size morphology and zeta potential values of ZnO and Se NPs were evaluated. Qualified semen samples were divided into five (5) aliquots and then diluted in TRIS extender containing ZnO and Se NP supplementation at different concentrations (T0: control; T1: 0.1mg/mL ZnO NPs; T2: 0.5 mg/mL ZnO NPs; T3: 0.5 μg/mL Se NPs and T4: 1 μg/mL Se NPs). Diluted semen was packed in 0.25 mL straws and then stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, post-thaw attributes viz., motility, viability, morphology, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated. The different treatment groups were also checked for potential NP internalization under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Lastly, straws from the best among the ZnO and Se NP treatments were used for artificial insemination (AI) in does (n=35) synchronized by Ovsynch protocol. Results showed that ZnO and Se NPs were poly-crystalline in nature with particle size below 100 nanometers. The evaluated post-thaw sperm in vitro attributes were significantly (p<0.05) higher in groups containing ZnO and Se NPs supplementation in comparison to control group. Overall, ZnO NPs @ 0.1 mg/mL (T1) had significantly (p<0.05) higher post-thaw sperm in vitro attributes in comparison to Se NPs @ 1 μg/mL. ZnO and Se NP supplementation also significantly (p<0.01) lowered cryocapacitated (B and AR pattern) spermatozoa in comparison to control. The antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and GST) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T1 in comparison to T0. The LPO was significantly (p<0.001) lowered in T1, T2, T3 and T4 in comparison to T0. The leakages of functional enzymes viz., aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly (p<0.001) lower in T1 in comparison to other groups. Post-thaw sperm motility and MMP had a highly significant(r=0.580, p<0.05) association in T1. SOD (r=0.445) and CAT (r=0.949) had a highly significant (p<0.05) correlation with sperm motility in T1. No internalization of ZnO and Se NPs were observed under TEM. HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T1 in comparison to other groups. HSP70 and HSP90 expression levels had a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with motility in group T1. No significant (p>0.05) differences in pregnancy rates following AI were recorded among the different treatment groups in comparison to control. In conclusion, extender supplemented with 0.1 mg/mL ZnO NPs improved post-thaw semen quality of cryopreserved Assam Hill goat spermatozoa consequently by lowering lipid peroxidation and increasing expression of cryostress associated heat shock genes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL, BEHAVIOURAL AND MOLECULAR CHANGES IN PIGLETS IN RESPONSE TO WEANING STRESS
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2018-07) TIGGA, GLORIA; Dutta, Arup
    The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of weaning stress on various physiological, biochemical, hormonal, hematological response including behavioural changes and pattern of gene expression profile of HSP27, HSP70 and HSP 90 in piglets weaned at different age. The present investigation was carried out in Hampshire x Ghungroo cross-bred piglets of instructional farm of NRC on pig, Rani. Three litters of six piglets were taken for the study and were weaned at different age of 28 days (Gr-I), 35 days (Gr-II) and at 42 days (Gr-III). Blood collection was scheduled from the day of weaning (0d) , 7th day, 15day followed by subsequent collections at 15 days interval up to six months of age. Physiological and behavioural studies were done at the piggery farm and molecular studies were done in the laboratory of NRC on pig, Rani whereas biochemical, hormonal and hematological studies were conducted in the laboratory of the department of Biochemistry, Nuclear research laboratory of the department of Physiology and in the laboratory of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of C.V.Sc., Khanapara, Guwahati respectively. No significant difference was found in average growth rate and body weight at maturity among the groups. There was significant difference in rectal temperature (day 30, 45 and 60) and respiration rate (day 0 and 15) found between Gr-I and Gr-II. The mean heart rate (beats/ minute) was found towards decreasing trend in all the groups. The level of biochemical indices were found to be varied within normal range on day 15 post-weaning and the variations in the level in later part were found to be associated with hormonal level and age related. Higher level of phosphorus was found in piglets of Gr-III as compared to Gr-I and Gr-II. During the initial phase of experimental period significantly lower level of iron was found in piglets of Gr-I as compared to Gr-II (day 15 and 30) and Gr-III (day 0 and 15). Significantly higher level (P<0.001) of zinc was found in Gr-III as compared to Gr-I and Gr-II from day 75 onwards. Significantly lower level of copper was found in Gr-II as compared to Gr-I and Gr-III on day 15 and 30 which may be the cause of subnormal hemoglobin level (%) in this group during this period. The range of cortisol level was comparatively higher throughout the experimental period. Significant differences (p<0.001) were found in the level of hematological parameters viz TEC, Hb% and PCV between younger and older pigs on day 0 to 45. Significantly higher level of neutrophils and cortisol were observed in younger piglets. Initially, there was increase in neutrophil (%) and decrease in lymphocyte (%) indicating a stress response on day 15 post-weaning in all the groups, with significantly higher level in Gr-I. The mean values of DLC viz. neutrophil (%) (day 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90) and lymphocyte (%) (day 30, 45, 60, 75, 90) were found to be significantly higher and lower respectively in Gr-I as compared to Gr-II. Significantly higher number of feeding bouts (P<0.05) and higher level of aggression (P<0.05) on d+2 and d+7 was observed in Gr-III compared to Gr-I and Gr- II The level of mRNA expression of HSPs viz; HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 were found to be increased significantly (P<0.001) on day 7 in piglets of Gr-I. Significantly higher level of mRNA of HSP90 was expressed in Gr-I on day 15 as compared to piglets of Gr-II and Gr-III` indicating that adaptive process were slower in younger piglets.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOMOLECULAR EXPRESSION ON MELATONIN AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION DURING SUMMER AND WINTER IN PIG
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-01) CHAKRABORTY, ARINDAM; Baruah, Anubha
    The present experiment was conducted to study the changes of various physiological, haematological and hormonal parameters including expression of HSP70 gene in the crossbred pigs (Hampshire × Local) under the agroclimatic condition of Assam. The experiment included a total of 36 numbers of crossbred weaned female pigs. Eighteen (18) animals were subjected to treatment separately during summer and winter. The selected animals were divided into three groups with six pigs in each group consisting of the control group (Treatment 1), one group was fed melatonin @3 mg/animal (Treatment 2) and the other group was fed Vitamin E @100 mg (Treatment 3) for both the seasons. The animals were maintained at AICRP on Pig, College of Veterinary Science, AAU, Khanapara, Guwahati-22. The physiological parameters such as body temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate were recorded following standard methods. Temperature-Humidity Index was calculated out from the data of ambient temperature and relative humidity by using standard formula. About 5 ml of blood was collected from each experimental animal aseptically at 15 days interval for the whole experimental period. The haematological parameters viz. Haemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC) and total leucocyte count (TLC) were estimated from fresh blood by using MS4 Automated Haematological Cell Counter. The enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were estimated by using SOD and LDH assay kit manufactured by Cayman Chemical Company, USA as per manufactures protocol. Growth hormone and Progesterone were estimated by ELISA technique using Elisa kits procured from LDN Immunoassays and services. Melatonin was estimated by ELISA technique using Elisa kits procured from, Genway, Biotech Inc. The level of thermal stress related blood hormones such as triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol hormones were estimated by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. The relative expression of HSP 70 gene was done by Real time PCR. The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) during the study period was indicative of thermal stress to the experimental animals in the summer as compared to winter season. Physiological parameters viz., body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were found to be positively correlated with THI. All the physiological parameters showed significant difference (P<0.01) between summer and winter seasons irrespective of treatments. Haematological parameters viz. Hb, PCV, TEC was significantly lower during summer while TLC concentration was significantly higher during summer season as compared to winter in all the treatment groups. The mean body weight in the experimental pigs was significantly higher (P<0.01) in winter compared to summer. Serum T3 concentrations was significantly (P<0.01) lower during summer as compared to winter in all the treatment groups. Serum T4 concentration showed significant difference between treatment, between season and also between treatment and season. Serum cortisol concentration showed significant difference between treatment, between season and also between treatment and season. The serum cortisol concentration was found lowest in the melatonin and vitamin E supplemented group in both the seasons as compared to the control group. Significant difference (P<0.01) was found in the mean GH values between season with significantly higher values in the winter season. Statistical analysis revealed significant difference (P<0.01) in the mean progesterone concentration between treatment and between season. Significant difference (P<0.01) was found in the mean age at puberty between treatment with lower age at puberty in the melatonin supplemented group followed by vitamin E supplemented group and control group with highest age at puberty. There was also significant difference (P<0.01) in the mean age at puberty between season with lower age at puberty in the winter compared to summer. There was also significant difference (P<0.01) between day and season. Serum LDH activity was significantly higher (P<0.01) during summer as compared to winter season. The serum SOD activity was found to differ significantly (P<0.01) higher between treatment and between season and also between treatment and season. The serum progesterone concentration showed significant difference (P<0.01) between treatment and between season. There was also significant difference (P<0.01) between day and season. The mean melatonin concentration showed significant difference (p<0.01) between groups with significantly higher melatonin concentration in the melatonin supplemented group in both the season. Similarly serum vitamin E concentration was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the vitamin E supplemented group than the other two treatment groups in both the seasons. The normalized expression for HSP70 during summer shows that the animals with Melatonin treatment had 1.98 fold lower expression than the animals of control group. Likewise, animals with Vitamin E treatment showed 0.56 fold lower expression than control animals during summer season. During winter, the animals with Melatonin treatment showed 0.70 fold higher expression compared to control animals. Similarly, animals with Vitamin E treatment showed 1.28 fold higher expressions than control animals.