Loading...
Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
Browse
6 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access CLINICAL, CARDIOPULMONARY, HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ISOFLURANE, PROPOFOL AND KETAMINE IN GLYCOPYRROLATE, DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND BUTORPHANOL PREMEDICATED DOGS(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) BAYAN, HITESH; Sarma, Kushal KonwarThe study was conducted to evaluate the clinical, cardiopulmonary, haematobiochemical and immunological effects of isoflurane, propofol and ketamine anaesthesia in glycopyrrolate, dexmedetomidine and butorphanol premedicated dogs. The study was carried out on twenty four number of female dogs presented for elective ovariohysterectomy. The animals were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) comprising of six animals each. The animals in all the groups were administered with glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg IM followed 15 min by dexmedetomidine 5μg/kg IV and Butorphanol 0.1mg/kg IV. Two min after administration of dexmedetomidine and butorphanol, induction of anaesthesia was done with propofol IV till effect in Groups A and B and with ketamine IV till effect in Groups C and D. The anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in Groups A and C. In Groups B and D, the anaesthesia was maintained with continuous rate infusion of propofol 0.2-0.5 mg/kg/min and ketamine 0.002-0.02 mg/kg/min, respectively. The induction doses of propofol were recorded as 0.67±0.07 mg/kg in Group A and 0.68± 0.06 mg/kg in Group B where as the induction doses of ketamine were recorded as 2.55± 0.24 mg/kg in Group C and 2.63±0.26 mg/kg in Group D. Induction was quick and smooth in all the groups enabling easy endotracheal intubation. The analgesia, muscle relaxation and depth of anaesthesia were sufficient for performing major abdominal operations. The mean maintenance dose (mg/kg/min) of propofol and ketamine were recorded as 0.24±0.01 and 0.013.17±0.60 respectively in groups B and D. The mean vaporizer settings (%) for isoflurane were recorded as 1.34±0.06 and 1.28±0.07, respectively in Groups A and C. The recovery time was shortest in Group A and longest in Group D. The quality of recovery was better in Groups B, A & C in sequence as compared to Group D. The changes in the clinical parameters remained within the physiological limits in all the groups. Changes in blood pressure and ECG remained within the physiological limit in all the groups. The respiratory parameters were well maintained with isoflurane but the oxygen saturation values were near the critical level in Group D. The changes in haematological (haemoglobin, TEC, TLC, PCV, granulocytes, platelet and DLC) and biochemical (serum glucose, serum total protein, GGT, ALP, BUN, serum creatinine and LDH) parameters were found to be within physiological limits in all the animals. The immunological parameters exhibited immune suppressions but were transient in nature in all the groups. To conclude, all the anaesthetic combinations were safe and effective for major abdominal surgery in dogs. However, the respiratory parameters were more stable with inhalation agents used for maintenance and near the border line in particularly with ketamine CRI. The CRI with propofol was found to be better than with ketamine for maintenance in dogs premedicated with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol.ThesisItem Open Access SILK BASED OSTEOINDUCTIVE SCAFFOLD FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING(College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) SHARMA, MANAV; Sarma, Kushal KonwarB. mori silk cocoons were processed by established state of the art protocol to obtain silk fibroin aqueous solution, which was further used for scaffold fabrication. Three types of highly porous three dimensional sponge feel scaffolds were fabricated using traditionally used herbal based medicine i.e. Curcumin & Cissus quadrangularis. They are Silk Fibroin scaffold (SF), Silk Fibroin blended with Curcumin (CuSF) and Silk Fibroin blended with Cissus quadrangularis extract (CqSF). FESEM revealed highly porous scaffold with homogenously distributed interconnected pores in all types of scaffolds with pore ranging from 45.73-121.1 μm, 42.37-137.8 μm and 50.95-103.4 μm for SF, Cu-SF and Cq-SF respectively. The average porosity for each scaffold obtained were 88.57 %, 91.47 %, 93.03 % for SF, CuSF, CqSF respectively. Swelling and Water Holding Capacity were calculated to be 4.14%, 2.14% and 2.43% and 89.37 %, 92.04 % and 93.75 % for SF, CqSF, CuSF respectively. 42 numbers of New Zealand White rabbits were procured from authorized supplier for the study after obtaining IAEC clearance. Scaffolds were implanted into critical size radius bone defect (1.5 to 2 cm) following state of the art anaesthetic protocol. 0.5ml autologous bone marrow (BM) was collected and seeded immediately after collection for each type of scaffold considering as a separate animal group. Satisfactory clear radiographic union could be observed as early as by 30th day and initiation of remodeling by 60th day for Cu-SF & Cu-SF-BM groups. SF & SF-BM group radiographic union was evidence by 60th day but with a less opaque area compared to Cu- SF & Cu-SF-BM group. Relatively satisfactory radiographic union was also observed by the end of the observation period in Cq-SF group. In contrast, Cq-SF-BM group revealed no radiographic union even up to the end of the observation period. Histological samples were collected at the end of the radiographic observation (90th day) and processed for H & E staining. New blood vessel, marrow cells and new bone tissue could also be demonstrated for both Cu-SF & Cu-SF-BM group. In both SF & SF-BM group fibrous connective tissue could be visualized, along with cartilaginous tissue in SF-BM group. In Cq-SF group also along with fibrous connective tissue with new boney tissue could be demonstrated. But in Cq-SF-BM group fibrous connective tissue could only be demonstrated. Finally it could be concluded that B. mori silk fibroin could effectively be used and biofunctionalized with traditionally known fracture healing herbal based ingredients for bone tissue engineering application as evidence by satisfactory radiographic and histological findings in Cu-SF, Cu-SF-BM and Cq-SF groups.ThesisItem Open Access SURGICAL STERILIZTION OF CAPTIVE SAMBAR DEER (Cervus unicolor)(2021-06) DEKA, DEEPJYOTI; Sarma, Kushal KonwarEighteen clinically healthy captive sambar stags, weighing 80-110kgs were divided into three groups, containing of 6 calves in each group, where group-A received xylazine hydrochloride @ 1.5 mg/kg and and ketamine hydrochloride @ 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight intramuscularly, group-B received xylazine hydrochloride @ 1.5 mg/kg and tiletamine-zolazepam @ 2.5mg/kg bodyweight intramuscularly and group-C received xylazine hydrochloride @ 1.5 mg/kg + and azaperone @ 1mg/kg bodyweight intramuscularly. The induction time and recovery time were 11.83 ± 1.07 and 36.66 ± 0.95 minutes respectively in group-A, 5.16 ± 0.30 and 59.83 ± 2.40 minutes respectively in group-B and 7.16 ± 0.30 and 45.25 ± 1.09 minutes respectively in group-C. Induction and recovery were smooth. Muscle relaxation and analgesia were good. Animals of all group exhibited signs of sedation with lowering of head, occasional bellowing, heavy upper eyelid (drowsiness), onset of salivation, reduced tail movement and signs of staggering. Polyuria was observed at recovery. Heart rate decreased significantly (p0.05) difference in all the three groups. Respiratory tidal volume increased non-significantly (p>0.05) and respiratory minute volume showed high significant (p0.05) in the group-A, B but in group-C, SpO2 increased significantly (p0.05) in group-A, B and C. Highly significant (p0.05) in group-A and B and decreased significantly (p0.05) increase group-A and significant increase in group-B and C. Based on the findings of the study, xylazine - Zoletil® 100 anaesthesia produced a balanced anaesthesia with excellent analgesia and muscle in sambar stags followed by the xylazine-azaperone. Caudectomy has got advantageous over vasectomy in terms of mean ABSTRACT time required to perform the surgery. No such behavioral and physical changes were observed among the operated sambar stags over a period of 1 year during the study.ThesisItem Open Access ROMIFIDINE, ROMIFIDINE-KETAMINE AND ITS REVERSAL WITH ATIPAMEZOLE IN BOVINE(Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2017-01) SARMA, BIRAJ KUMAR; Sarma, BhupenTwenty four clinically affected bovine calves of either sex, weighing 100-150kgs were divided into four groups, containing of 6 calves in each group, where group-I received romifidine @ 20 µg/kg i.m., group-II received romifidine @ 40 µg/kg i.m., group-III received romifidine-ketamine (40µg/kg+2mg/kg) i.m., group-IV received atipamezole @ 40 µg/kg, i.V at 30 minutes following romifidine sedation. The induction time, duration and recovery time were 9.20±0.27, 78.50±4.47 and 101.67±2.58 minutes respectively in group-I, 7.83±0.34, 91.00±1.96 and 116.33±3.37 minutes respectively in group-II and 4.98±0.29, 101.50±1.58 and 126.17±3.21 minutes respectively in group-III. In group-IV, atipamezole reversed romifidine sedation in 1.07±0.38 minutes. Induction and recovery were smooth. Muscle relaxation and analgesia were good. Animals of all group exhibited signs of sedation with lowering of head, occasional bellowing, heavy upper eyelid (drowsiness), onset of salivation, reduced tail movement and signs of staggering. Polyurea was observed at recovery. Heart rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) in group-I, II and III. Respiration decreased significantly (P<0.05) and rectal temperature decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in all the three groups. Respiratory tidal volume and Respiratory minute volume decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the group-I, II and III. MAP also decreased significantly (P<0.05) and SpO2 decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in the group-I, II and III. Hb, PCV, TEC and ESR also decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in group-I, II and III. Highly significant (P<0.01) increased of GGT in group-I, II and III and glucose, BUN and creatinine increased significantly (P<0.05) in all these three groups. Total protein decreased non-significantly (P>0.05) in group-I and II and decreased significantly (P<0.05) in group-III. Cortisol increased significantly (P<0.05) in all the four groups. Atipamezole effectively reversed the effects of romifidine and the values returned towards the pre-administration level within 15 minutes. Based on the findings of the study, romifidine –ketamine anaesthesia and its reversal by atipamezole can be suggested for use in clinically affected bovine calves.ThesisItem Open Access DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ABDOMINAL AFFECTIONS IN CANINE(Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2017-07) KONWAR, BEDANGA; KALITA, DWIJENThe study was conducted on 66 dogs of either sex, belonging to all age groups, brought to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram with the history and clinical symptoms of abdominal disorders. The study was undertaken to correlate the findings of clinico-physiological, haemato-biochemical, radiographic and ultrasonographic studies for confirmatory diagnosis of disorders of gastro-intestinal, hepatobiliary, hematopoietic (spleen), urinary, female and male genital systems and abdominal wall defects in canine. All the animals were divided into seven groups as per the symptoms related to the systems: Group I (Gastrointestinal system), Group II (Hepatobiliary system), Group III (Hematopoietic (Spleen) system), Group IV (Urinary system), Group V (Female genital system), Group VI (Male genital system) and Group VII (Miscellaneous conditions). Animals were subjected for thorough linicophysiological and haemato-biochemical examinations. Two abdominal radiographs (Lateral and ventro-dorsal views) and whole abdomen ultrasonography were carried out for all the dogs. Out of the 66 cases, group distribution for the abdominal disorders were recorded highest with gastrointestinal system (33.33%), followed by female genital system (18.18%), hepatobiliary system (13.64%), urinary system (12.12%), haematopoietic (spleen) system (10.61%), male genital system (9.09%) and the lowest with abdominal wall defects (3.03%). Breed distributions were recorded highest in Mixed breed dogs (40.91%), followed by Pomeranian (25.76%), Mongrel (22.73%), German shepherd (6.06%), Cocker Spaniel (1.51%) and Pug (1.51%) respectively. Females (54.55%) were recorded highest incidence than male (45.45%). Age wise distribution were recorded highest in 2-3 and 3-4 years of age (18.18 %), followed by 4-5 years (15.15%), 5-6 years (13.64%), 0-1 years (9.10%), 1-2 years (7.57%), 6-7 and 7-8 years with 4.55% and lowest in 8-9, 9-10 and 10 years and above with 3.03% respectively. There were inconsistent and misleading clinico-physiological findings in disorders of gastro intestinal system, hepatobiliary system and splenic abnormality. In urinary system disorders, canine pyometra, abdominal wall rupture and diaphragmatic hernia, the clinico- physiological findings were useful. But, in male genital system disorders, the clinico-physiological symptoms often coincide with those of urinary system disorders. Haemato-biochemical examinations were recorded with significantly decreased Hb, PCV and TEC with leucocytosis and neutrophilia in all the cases of abdominal disorders. There was significantly decreased Na, K, TP and ALB with elevated ALP, BUN and SC for GIT disorders. In hepatobiliary disorders there were significantly decreased TP, ALB and GLU with significantly increased AST, ALT, ALP, GGT and total bilirubin. Significantly decreased TP, GLU and significantly increased AST, ALP, BUN, GGT and SC were recorded for splenic disorders. Urinary system disorders were recorded as significantly decreased Na with elevated BUN, SC and Ca level. Female genital system disorders were recorded as significantly decreased TP, ALB, with severe leucocytosis, neutrophilia and significantly increased AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, GGT and SC level. Prostatic hyperplasia and cysts were recorded as significantly decreased TP, ALB with significantly increased ALP, BUN and SC. Both radiography and ultrasonography was helpful for diagnosis of gastro intestinal disorders. The ultrasonography was a sensitive imaging technique for diagnosing hepatic affections; however, the sonographic diagnosis should be complimented with radiography and clinico-haematobiochemical studies. Radiography was useful for gross assessment of spleenic enlargement but it did not give the final diagnosis, while ultrasonography could be best exploited in spleenic disorders. For diagnosing urinary system disorders clinico-physiological symptoms, haematobiochemical profiles, radiography and ultrasonography were proved to be helpful. Pyometra was best diagnosed with ultrasonography and radiography. Radiography gave only a basic idea about prostatomegaly, while ultrasonography was more precise diagnostic tool, especially in examination of architecture of the prostate gland. For diagnosis of abdominal wall rupture and diaphragmatic hernia radiography was confirmative, but ultrasonography was felt appropriate to differentiate the hernial contents.ThesisItem Open Access TOTAL INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHESIA WITH PROPOFOL AND KETAMINE IN ATROPINE AND XYLAZINE PREMEDICATED DOGS(AAU, 2016) SAIKIA, BASANTA; Sarma, K.K.The study was conducted in eighteen clinical cases of dogs of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into three groups with six animals in each group. Atropine sulphate @ 0.04mg/kg b.wt. i.m. and xylazine HCl @ 0.5mg/kg b.wt. i.m. route were administered as premedicants in all the three groups. In group-I, propofol @ 5mg/kg body weight, in group-II, ketamine @ 5mg/kg body weight and in group-III, ketofol @ 4mg/kg body weight was administered intravenously for induction after 15 minutes of preanaesthetic administration. Surgical anaesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes in all three groups viz. group-I, group-II and group-III with propofol @ 2.5mg/kg. b.w., ketamine @ 2.5mg/kg b.wt. and ketofol @ 2mg/kg b.wt. respectively by intermittent bolus injection ( IBI) technique. Clinical studies like induction time, quality of induction, duration of analgesia, degree of analgesia, duration of recumbency and quality of recovery showed better results in ketofol group than propofol and ketamine group. Physiological parameters like rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and spO2 were evaluated before administration of anaesthetic agent (0 minute) then at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes during and after administration of anaesthetic agents. The heart rate initially increased and then decreased gradually towards pre-anaesthetic level in all the three groups. The respiratory rate initially decreased and then increased towards pre-anaesthetic level in all the three groups. Both diastolic pressure and systolic pressure remained in a comfortable zone in group-III animals whereas, high blood pressure was recorded in group-II animals and low blood pressure was recorded in group-I animals. Haemato-biochemical and hormonal changes were evaluated before administration of anaesthetic agent (0 minute) then at 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes during and after administration of anaesthetic agents. The all thee anaesthetic protocols did not bring about any drastic change in the haematological parameters. In all the three groups, group-I, group –II and group-III, initial significant declination was observed in Hb, PCV, TEC which steadily returned to the pre- anaesthetic level at the end of the observation. The values of TLC, neutrophils, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil count did not register any significant change throughout the experiment in all three groups. In biochemical parameters significant increased glucose, BUN, creatinine ALT, AST and GGT values were recorded in all the groups in early phase of observation then showed a declining trend towards the pre- anaesthetic level at the end of the experiment. The magnitude of increasing trend of glucose was higher whereas increasing trend of creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST and GGT was lesser in group-III than group-I and group-II animals. In all the groups, the LDH, sodium and chloride values insignificantly increased but values were found to be within the physiological limits. A decrease in serum potassium level was observed in all the groups but these values were within normal physiological limit. In hormonal parameters significant increased cortisol values were recorded in all the groups The cortisol values in group-III animals also increased with time but the magnitude of these changes were least compared to group-I and group-II animals. In the present study, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values showed a non-significant fluctuation trend within their physiological limits at different time interval of TIVA in all three groups. The cost of the anaesthesia was least only Rs. 4.68/kg in group-II followed by Rs. 8.30/kg in group-III animals. The cost of the anaesthesia was Rs. 20.02/kg in group-I animals which was found to be highest among the all three groups. Key words: Dog, Propofol, Ketamine, Ketofol, Xylazine, Atropine, TIVA