Thumbnail Image

Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

Browse

2015 - 20163
Reset filters
Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2015 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
Reset filters

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOLOGY OF HEPATO-RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN DOGS (Canis lupus familiaris)
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022, 2016-07) Umesh, Tari Chubita; Tamuli, Sarojini Mahanta
    An investigation was carried out in naturally occurring hepatic and renal dysfunctions in dogs from in and around Guwahati city; to study the prevalence, clinical symptoms, hemato-biochemical changes, urine pathology, gross and histopathology and histoenzymic activity. During the period from June, 2015 to May, 2016; a total of 9564 dogs were surveyed for incidence of hepato-renal dysfunction; 511(5.34%) were recorded as positive out of which 148 (1.55%) were positive for hepatic, 182 (1.82%) for renal and 181 (1.89%) for hepato-renal dysfunction. This revealed that hepato-renal dysfunction is prevalent in the dogs of Guwahati region. In a detailed examination of 155 dogs, 87 (56.13%) were reported positive for both hepatic and renal dysfunctions, out of which 31 (20%) were positive for hepatic, 35 (22.58%) for renal and 21 (13.54%) were positive for hepato-renal dysfunctions. Hepatic dysfunction showed highest prevalence in pre-monsoon season (21.95%); renal dysfunction showed highest prevalence in winter season (27.02%) and hepato-renal dysfunction showed highest prevalence in post-monsoon (23.08%) season. The age-wise prevalence for hepatic dysfunction was highest in dogs belonging to age group of 1-˂3 years of age (33.33%), for renal dysfunction it was the age group of 9 years and above (37.04%) and in hepato-renal dysfunction highest prevalence was seen in the age group of 6-˂9 years (23.53%). Sex wise prevalence of hepatic dysfunction was higher in males (22.47%) whereas prevalence of renal dysfunction was higher in females (25.76%). But the prevalence of hepato-renal dysfunction was found to be almost equal in both males (13.48%) and females (13.64%). Breed wise prevalence of hepatic dysfunction was highest in German Shepherd breed, for renal dysfunction it was highest in Pug breed and for hepato-renal dysfunction, highest prevalence was also seen in German Shepherd breed. Mortality due to hepatic, renal and hepato-renal dysfunction was found to be 18.06%, with 3.87% mortality for hepatic dysfunction, 3.22% mortality for renal dysfunction and 10.96% mortality for hepato-renal dysfunction. The clinical symptoms observed were elevated body temperature, anorexia, dehydration, dull and depressed appearance, rough body coat, pale mucous membrane, rapid pulse rate, shallow breathing, emaciation, anaemia, vomiting, diarrhoea, edema, melena, dark yellow to coffee colored urine. Some cases showed exclusive hepatic dysfunction signs of jaundice, ascites and abdominal pain. Some cases showed signs of renal dysfunction like stranguria, oliguria, urea breath and ulcers in the mouth. Giemsa’s stain and Modified Knott’s method were used for detecting hemoparasites like Babesia gibsoni, Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis and Dirofilaria immitis in the blood of affected dogs. Hematological parameters like hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration revealed that dogs suffered from normocytic and normochromic anaemia. Biochemical markers included in liver and kidney function tests revealed that affected dogs showed mild to severe dysfunction of liver and kidneys. Postmortem study revealed several changes in liver like centrilobular necrosis, bridging necrosis, steatosis, acute hepatitis, portal cirrhosis, Glissonian cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, cholangitis, hemosiderosis and glucocorticoid hepatopathy; and also in kidneys like acute interstitial nephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, membrano-prolifereative glomerulonephritis, sclerotic glomerulonephritis, protein losing nephropathy, oxalate nephrosis, amyloidosis and calcification of tubules and glomeruli. Other organs like spleen, lungs, heart, stomach, intestine and brain were also observed to be affected. Three dogs revealed neoplastic changes like hepatocellular carcinoma, renal carcinoma and metastatic cancer of liver, kidneys and lungs. Special stains like Masson’s Trichome, Periodic acid Schiff’s, Von Kossa’s and Prussian blue stains were used to differentiate the specific changes in the affected tissues which did not appear very pronounced by routine staining methods. Histoenzymic study revealed mild to no activity of LDH in degenerated cells and AKP enzyme showed moderate to high activity in the degenerated cells and sinusoidal spaces of the liver and kidneys.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PREVALENCE, PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF DUCK VIRUS ENTERITIS IN ASSAM
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara,Guwahati, 2016-06) SAHARIAH, PARAG JYOTI; Upadhyaya, T.N.
    Duck plague or duck viral enteritis is an acute and contagious and economically important viral disease of ducks having high morbidity and mortality rate. A total thirty nos. of duck plague outbreaks occurring in certain district of Assam were attended during the period of February, 2014 to March 2016. Out of a total 5252 ducks at risk, 2956 (56.28%) were affected clinically and 2449 (46.62%) died. The overall morbidity and mortality were 56.28% and 46.62% respectively, however the cause specific mortality for DP in the present study was found to be 82.85%. Highest mortality was recorded in duckling (55.80%) followed by grower (51.24%) and adult ducks (35.43%) respectively. In the present investigation, altogether 445 serum samples were collected from the ducks from affected as well as some other ducks from the surrounding areas of the outbreak from different parts of Assam. All the serum samples were subjected to indirect ELISA test for detection of the duck plague viral antibody. Out of the total 445 serum samples tested for detection of DP viral antibody, 171 (38.42%) serum samples showed positive in ELISA. A total of 131 numbers of duck carcasses were subjected to necropsy examination. Externally, the carcasses were markedly emaciated, the vent was soiled with greenish-white faecal materials and occulo-nasal discharges were also observed. Grossly, the vascular changes were invariably present in all the visceral organs including the brain. The longitudinal folds of the esophagus showed presence of thick yellowish-white patchy diphtheritic membrane. In a few cases, the intestinal annular bands appeared as intensely reddened rings due to haemorrhages and were visible from external and internal surfaces. The liver was moderately enlarged with presence of scattered petechiae and focal greyish-white necrotic areas. The coronary vessels of the heart were engorged. There was presence of petechiael to echymotic haemorrhages in the epicardium particularly in and around the coronary groove, which give the heart a characteristics paint brush appearance. Microscopic lesions were characterized by haemorrhages, congestion, degeneration and necrotic changes of the parenchymatous organs. Liver showed varying degrees of degeneration with multiple areas of focal coagulative necrosis. Intra-nuclear, eosinophilic inclusion bodies with a distinct halo were observed inside the degenerated hepatocytes. Congestion of the blood vessels in the myocardium, haemorrhages between the muscle fibres and epicardium of heart were evident. There were rupture of the blood vascular wall and escape of blood into the surrounding musculature. The intestinal annular band showed congestion, haemorrhages and depletion of the lymphocytic cell populations. Lymphocytic depletion was also observed in the spleenic and bursal follicles. For in-situ demonstration of the DP virus Fluorescence Antibody Test was used. On fluorescent microscopy (FAT) DP virus was demonstrated in the liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, brain, thymus and intestinal annular band. A total of 380 numbers of samples were collected from clinically affected (107) and dead ducks (273) for molecular diagnosis of the disease. Out of total 380 samples, 231 (84.61%) post mortem samples and 68 (63.55%) clinical samples showed positive for duck plague virus specific nucleic acid. Highest numbers of tissue samples that showed positive for PCR were liver (91.80%) and spleen (91.53%). In clinical samples 79.10 per cent was positive in whole blood, 40.91 percent was positive in cloacal swabs and 33.34 percent in tracheal swab. In biochemical study, the ALT and AST activities in serum and tissues were significantly higher in DP affected ducks in comparison to the healthy ducks. The virus could be successfully isolated in 9-11 day old duck embryos from the field samples. The infected CAM and the embryos showed extensive haemorrhages throughout the body. Embryopathy was observed within 4-8 days post infection.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PREVALENCE, PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR STUDIES OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS IN GOATS OF ASSAM
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2015-07) ISLAM, MUZAHARUL; Pathak, D. C.
    Peste des petits ruminants is an acute, febrile, emerging and economically important viral disease of goats having high morbidity and mortality rate. In the present investigation, 456 serum samples collected from affected and apparently healthy goats from different places of Assam were screened for seroprevalence of PPR in goats by HI test and c ELISA test. Out of 456 serum samples screened, PPR viral antibody could be detected in 269 samples by HI test (145 serum samples from affected goats and 124 from apparently healthy goats) and 209 samples by c ELISA test (136 from affected goats and 73 from apparently healthy goats). 60 serum samples (9 from affected goats and 51 from apparently healthy goats) showed positive in HI test but were found negative by c ELISA test. In comparative study it was revealed that HI test was more sensitive than c ELISA. The haematological study of 26 affected goats showed significant increase in total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and significant decrease in total leucocytes count. Lymphopenia was constant finding in differential leucocytes count. Biochemical study revealed significant decrease in serum protein and significant increase in serum potassium level, with nonsignificant increase of serum sodium level. All the 10 necropsied carcasses showed emaciation and dehydration with soiled hindquarters and sunken eye balls. Ulcerative lesions on gum, lips, dental pad and tongue, enteritis and linear haemorrhages on the crests of the folds of large intestine were invariably observed. The liver was enlarged with engorged gall bladder. Spleen and lymph nodes were enlarged. The lungs showed congestion and consolidation of anterior and cardiac lobes with emphysema in diaphragmatic lobes. On cut section, lung showed large quantities of white frothy exudate particularly in the bronchi. The histopathological study showed degeneration, necrosis, ulceration and sloughing off lining epithelium in lips, tongue, small intestine and large intestine. Below the ulcerated areas severe infiltration of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells were observed. Some cells of stratum granulosum showed presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Hepatocytes showed coagulative necrosis with cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration. The lungs showed broncho-interstitial pneumonia and presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. Renal tubular degeneration with coagulative necrosis and atrophy of glomeruli were observed. Edema in both the cortical and medullary areas with severe depletion lymphocytes was observed in the lymph node. Syncytial giant cells were also found in the lymph nodes. Spleen showed depletion of lymphoid population. Some lymphoid follicles were completely destroyed, leaving cystic cavities. In RT-PCR, out of 79 post mortem samples, 58 showed amplification of PPR viral nucleic acid at 463 bp for N gene using N gene specific primers.