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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20201
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Subject: Veterinary Anatomy and Histology × Author: HMANGAIHZUALI, ELIZABETH VL ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE POST-NATAL DEVELOPMENT OF MALE GENITAL SYSTEM OF PATI DUCK (Anas platyrhynchos) OF ASSAM
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2020-11) HMANGAIHZUALI, ELIZABETH VL; Sarma, Kabita
    The present study was undertaken to elaborate certain gross anatomical, histomorphological, histochemical, ultrastructural, haematological and serum biochemical aspect of male genital organs of Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos) of Assam during the postnatal development. Total 30 (thirty) numbers of apparently healthy Pati ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were utilized for present study. The testis of Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was located within the abdominal cavity. The organ was elongated rice-grain like in 1 month which changed to oval shaped in 20 weeks and bean shaped in 30 and 40 weeks. The epididymis was found on the dorso-medial aspect of testis. The epididymal duct of the testis continued as Vas deferens. The convoluted vas deferens tightly coiled in a zingzag pattern till 20 weeks and the convolutions loosened in 30 and 40 weeks. The vas deferens was translucent in 1 month and 6-8 weeks whereas in 30 and 40 weeks they were opaque white with presence of spermatozoa in the lumen. The phallus coiled in anti-clockwise direction from the base to the apex. The ejaculatory groove and sulcus divide the shaft into two lateral bodies. The length increased with age. The testis of Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos) had a capsule which had three parts viz., tunica serosa, tunica albugenia and tunica vasculosa. The thickness of the capsule of the testis gradually increased along the advancement of the age i.e. from 1 month to 40 week age group. The collagen, reticular, elastic and nerve fibers were observed within the capsule and as well the peritubular area of the seminiferous tubules. The thickness of the capsule and distribution of all the fibers increased along with the advancement of the age i.e. from 1 month to 40 week age group. The parenchyma of the testis of the Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos) consisted of complex and convoluted seminiferous tubules separated by interstitial connective tissue. No lobulation and mediastinum testis. The diameter as wells as layers of cell of the ST increased with age. One month and 6-8 weeks birds semiferous tubules were mainly composed of Sertoli cells, spermatogonium cells and vacuolated cells. In 20 weeks the cells were 3 to 5 layers consisting of spermatocyte along with other cells. The ST of 30 and 40 weeks age groups had 8 to 17 layers of cells formed by different stages of spermatogenesis. The interstitial connective tissue decreased with increased in age. The epididymal region consisted of rete testis which was intracapsular and extracapsular, efferent duct with smooth and folded epithelium, collecting duct and epididymal duct having the same epithelial lining. The vas deferens diameter increased with age. Smooth epithelium at the cranial part and folded epithelium at caudal part. The phallus has a narrow lumen which was surrounded by a very large lymphatic space and vascular body. In the present histochemical study of male genital organ of Pati duck, the reaction of Alkaline Phosphatase enzyme decreased with age in the testis, moderate in the vas deferens and intesnse in the phallus. The reaction of the Acid Phosphatase moderate in the testis and vas deferens of all age group, while phallus had intense and moderate activity area. The Adenosine Tri Phosphatase (ATPase) activity increased with increased in age in the testis, weak activity in the vas deferens and phallus with intense and weak activity area. Under TEM two types of leydig cells viz., elongated and polygonal shaped was found, they contain numerous lipid droplets along with mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Sertoli cell had large and irregularly shaped nucleus which had intranuclear cleft. The prominent nucleoli of sertoli cell nucleus had a very dense and moderately dense area. In the peritubular space layers of overlapping myoid cells was found. Within seminiferous tubules cellular detailed of spermatogenic cells were observed. Age related change observed with Testosterone hormone which increased with increased in age. T3 and T4 hormones were higher in younger age while Cortisol was higher in older groups. Among the haematological parameters significant changes was found in PCV, WBC, monocyte and neutrophils. ALP was the only serum enzyme which showed significant changes between age groups. Serum metabolites viz., total protein, albumin and creatinine showed significant changes among the differentage group.