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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access OPTIMIZATION OF Tamarindus indica L. DYE FOR SURFACE ENRICHMENT OF SILK FABRIC(2023) BURAGOHAIN, SHILPI; Boruah, SunitaThe art of dyeing and printing has played a vital role in adding beauty to textile. Increased awareness regarding environmental issues has vastly encouraged the idea of using eco-dyes and eco-printing for textiles offers numerous benefits, as their preparation and application involved minimal or no harsh chemical reaction that are good for nature and also have positive effects on the wearer’s health. In the field of textiles, the present era can truly be called the era of eco-dyeing and printing. Value addition of the silk fabric through eco-dyeing and printing will lead to more consumer acceptance in the National on International markets thereby, more profitability. Dyeing and printing also add natural value to mulberry silk, making it more attractive and allowing for the creation of diversified products. In light of these benefits, the researcher conducted a study on “Optimization of Tamarindus indica L. Dye for Surface Enrichment of Silk Fabric”, with the following objectives: • Optimization of dyeing condition of Tamarind seed dye on mulberry silk fabric • Surface enrichment of dyed fabric using eco-printing method • Analysis of properties of dyed and printed fabrics To carry out the study, mulberry silk fabric with two different mordants (Alum and Aloe vera) was selected. Seeds of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) were selected after pre-testing as a natural dye source. For the study, selected natural dye and mulberry silk fabrics were collected from the local market of Jorhat district, and mordants were collected from the campus of the Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. Identification of samples was done by assigning names to each a C (Control sample), CT (Without mordanted), CTA1 (Alum mordanted), CTA2 (Aloe vera mordanted), DMEA1 (Dyed fabric with Manjistha Eco-print using Alum as mordant), and DMEA2 (Dyed fabric with Marigold Eco-print using Alum as mordant). Different dyeing conditions such as extraction medium, extraction time, dye material concentration, dyeing time, mordant concentration, mordanting time and mordanting methods such as (pre, simultaneous and post) were optimized. A pre-treatment method such as degumming was carried out for mulberry silk fabric. The optimum dye extracting time was 60 minutes. The extraction was used to dye mulberry silk fabric and the optimum conditions were 1% dye at 60°C for 60 minutes. The surface of the dyed silk fabric was enriched using eco-printing techniques. Pre-testing was done followed by four techniques i.e., Bundle dye technique, Plain background technique, Tannin target iron blanket technique and Plain target dye blanket technique. Among them, the Plain target dye blanket technique was selected for the study as it shows a better printing effect than others. SEM analysis was done to determine the surface morphology of the control and dyed silk fabric and the differences in morphology and elements between them were clearly visible. FTIR analysis was used to identify the functional groups and various bonds that were present in the fabric and visible in different spectra. The crystallinity region of the fabrics was identified using XRD analysis and an alteration in the crystallinity structures of dyed silk fabrics compared to the control was discovered. The Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) of the control, non-mordanted, and different dyed silk fabrics were evaluated and found that the Ultraviolet protection property was increased in dyed silk fabrics. The samples were evaluated visually and with the help of Greyscale for determining the colourfastness properties such as Colourfastness to Sunlight, Colourfastness to Washing, Colourfastness to Crocking or Rubbing (Dry and Wet), Colourfastness to Pressing (Dry and Wet), Colourfastness to Perspiration (Acidic and Alkaline), which exhibited fair to good ratings with noticeable stained to negligible stained. It was clear from the present investigation that colourfastness properties of natural mordanted samples showed good fastness properties to sunlight, washing, crocking, and pressing as compared to metallic mordant samples. The control, dyed and printed silk fabric were undergone for a series of physical experiments. The dyed, mordanted and printed silk fabrics were found to be increased in terms of fabric count (Ne), fabric thickness (mm), weight (GSM), tensile strength (N), moisture regain (%), wicking height (cm) and crease recovery (angle) than control silk fabric. The elongation (%) and stiffness (cm) were found to be decreased in dyed, mordanted and printed silk fabric as compared to the control one. Hence, it could be concluded from the study that natural dye with natural mordant and eco-print obtained an excellent effect on mulberry silk fabric and it can be used for the textile industry and eco-friendly textile manufacturing.ThesisItem Open Access BIOMASS EXTRACTION FROM Cocos nucifera HUSK- AN AGRO-ORGANIC WASTE FOR COLORATION OF SILK FABRIC(2023) DAS, PURNIMA; Kalita, Binita BaishyaIn present years, natural dyes have gained popularity as a safer alternative to dangerous synthetic colors. Eco-friendly, environment-safe natural dyeing techniques and products are today’s entail for textiles. Natural coloring substances are now growing trends for their use all over the world because of health hazards and toxicity problems created by synthetic dyes. Considering the growing importance of natural dyes all over the world, the present investigation entitled “Biomass extraction from Cocos nucifera husk- An agro-organic waste for coloration of silk fabric” was undertaken to assess the following objectives: 1. Extraction and optimization of dyeing conditions of coconut husk dye on mulberry silk fabric. 2. Surface enhancement of dyed fabric using eco-printing method. 3. Evaluation of properties of dyed and printed fabrics. To carry out the study, coconut (Cocos nucifera) husks dye was used as a natural dye to develop variety of natural colors on mulberry silk fabric using alum and gallnut as mordants. For extraction of dye, an aqueous medium was employed with an optimum wavelength of 570 nm which showed the highest (1.62%) absorbency value. Pre-treatment method such as degumming was carried out for the mulberry silk fabric to enhance the lustre, color and texture of the dyed silk fabric. Based on the objectives different dyeing parameters were optimized such as extraction medium, extraction time, dye concentration, dyeing time, mordant concentration, mordanting time and mordanting methods. The optimum dye extraction time was 60 min. Dyeing process was carried out keeping the material to liquor ratio 1:30 at a constant temperature of 70ºC for 45 min. The optical density values of the dye solution before and after dyeing were carried out to find out absorption percentage (%). The mordant concentration, mordanting time and mordanting methods were also optimized to get better shades. Brown, light brown and medium to deep brown colors were obtained from dyed, alum mordanted and gallnut mordanted silk fabric, respectively. The physical and colorfastness properties of the fabrics were evaluated. As regards physical properties, the dyed with and without mordant and mordanted eco-printed silk fabrics were found to be increased in terms of fabric count (Ne), thickness (mm), weight (g/m2), crease recovery (angle), stiffness (cm), elongation (%) compared to control fabric. However, the decreased in tensile strength (N), moisture regain (%) and wicking height (cm) were found in dyed with and without mordant as well as mordanted eco-printed silk fabrics. From the test results, it can be concluded that all the samples of silk fabrics showed satisfactory results and wide scope of development of textile materials. The colorfastness to sunlight, washing, crocking, pressing and perspiration were assessed for dyed and eco-printed silk fabrics in terms of color alteration and all the samples found to be good to very good fastness and there was slightly to negligible staining of the color. The morphological and structural characteristics of control and dyed fabrics were assessed using SEM, FTIR and XRD analysis. SEM images of control and dyed silk fabrics revealed that slightly rough surface with irregularities, cylindrical shapes, presence of fibrils, nodes. The control and alum mordanted dyed sample showed smoother and more uniform surface than the without mordanted and gallnut mordanted samples. FTIR spectrum of the control and dyed silk fabric samples showed the presence of various components such as alkenes, aliphatic amines, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, phenol ring, 1º amines, alcohols, phenols. The crystallinity region of the fabrics was identified by XRD analysis and alterations in the crystallinity structures of dyed silk fabrics compared to control were discovered. The Ultraviolet protection properties of control, dyed with and without mordanted silk fabrics were evaluated and found that the Ultraviolet protection properties of dyed fabrics were more as compared to control fabric. Both alum and gallnut mordanted fabrics showed good UV protection. However, control and without mordanted dyed fabric showed very poor UV protection.ThesisItem Open Access Utilization of Agro-Industrial Waste Punica granatum Rind for Dyeing of Cotton Fabric(2023) Borah, Priyanka; Boruah, Rickey RaniHuge quantities of residues are produced every year by agricultural-based industries.Without a proper disposal procedure; these wastes have the potential to harm the environment, affecting both human and animal life in the ecosystem. The ever-increasing amounts of such industrial wastes are a big threat to the environment. Nature, unlike any other source, has a wonderful visual device for sensing the seven shades of the colour spectrum. Hence, it is considered as the most abundant source of colours. Use of natural dyes has increased several folds in the past few years due to the eco-friendly approach of the people. Natural dyes have been the vital source of colouration by craft dyers and printers since time immemorial. Natural dyes are substantive and require a mordant to fix to the fabric, prevent the colour from either fading with exposure to light or washing out.The present investigation entitled “Utilization of Agro- Industrial Waste Punica granatum Rind for Dyeing of Cotton Fabric” was conducted during the year 2021-23. In this study dyeing of cotton fabric was done using Punica granatum Rind with the following objectives: 1. Optimization of dyeing conditions from Agro- Industrial waste Punica granatum rind dye on cotton fabric. 2. Analysis of properties of dyed fabrics. For the study, Agro- Industrial Waste Punica granatum Rind, mordants such as alum, myrobalan and banana pseudo stem were selected for the study. The cotton fabric was selected to carry out the dyeing. For extraction of Punica granatum Rind dye, 0.6% optimized alkaline medium with highest optical density 1.55 was taken for extraction of dye at 100ºC for 75 minutes. The dyeing of cotton fabric was done using 3% dye at 70ºC for 60 minutes. The different shades of colours like beige and brown colourwere obtained after dyeing of cotton fabric with Punica granatum rind dye using three different mordants such as myrobalan, alum and banana pseudo stem. Colourfastness tests namely, colourfastness to sunlight, colourfastness to washing, colourfastness to crocking and colourfastness to pressing were assessed for dyed cotton fabrics and they demonstrated very fair to good ratings, and there was little to no staining of the colour. FTIR analysis indicated the peaks shows different functional groups like -OH, C=C, N-H and C-H, double bonds or aromatic compounds, saturated aliphatic compound, aromatic ring, phenol, alcohol, ether, amine and carbonyl compounds in all the mordanted, non mordanted and control cotton fabric. The morphological, structural characteristics of control and dyed cotton fabrics were assessed using SEM and the differences in morphology were clearly visible. The colour strength (K/S) value of dyed cotton fabric was calculated and found that alum mordanted dyed fabric had the greatest K/S value (3.06). Hence alum mordanted fabric showed darker colour. The non mordanted and different mordanted cotton fabrics were found to be increased in terms of fabric count (nos.), fabric thickness (mm), fabric stiffness (cm), fabric wicking height (cm) and moisture regain (%) than control cotton fabric. The tenacity and elongation, crease recovery (angle) of dyed fabrics were decreased due to breakdown of intermolecular forces during dyeing and other processes. Ultra-violet protection properties were increases in dyed cotton fabric. The highest Ultra-violet protection property was observed by alum mordanted cotton fabric followed by myrobalan, banana pseudo stem, non mordanted and control cotton fabric. After 5th and 10th wash, the ultra violet protection properties was found to be decreased in dyed fabric.The investigator developed three different products from the dyed cotton fabric namely, Kaftan top, Parallel pant and shirt andthe assessing of the prepared products were done by using research schedule.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TEXTILE USING ECO-FRIENDLY NATURAL DYE EXTRACTED FROM MANGO (Mangifera indica) LEAVES(2023) Devi, Moirangthem Jeena; Boruah, SunitaSustainable textiles are materials that are derived from eco-friendly resources such as natural fibers, recycled materials, non-toxic dyes, printing materials and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes which make economically fair products for society. Since synthetic dyes are harmful, people are now shifting towards natural dyes instead which can create unique aesthetic qualities. Natural mordants contain tannin, catechin and other compounds which can be used in the colouration of textile materials. Today’s emphasis on natural dyes and eco-printings is a result of the growing concern for ecological sustainability and pollution-related issues that synthetic equivalents have caused around the world. Given the significance of utilizing natural dyes and surface enrichment on the coloured fabric, the targeted study was conducted on the “Development of sustainable textile using eco-friendly natural dye extracted from Mango (Mangifera indica) leaves” with the following objectives: Optimization of dyeing condition of mango leaf dye on eri silk fabric. Surface ornamentation of dyed fabric using eco-printing method. Assessment of properties of dyed and printed fabric. In the present study, mango (Mangifera indica) leaves were selected as a natural dye and myrobalan was selected as a natural mordant and alum as a metallic mordant to use in dyeing eri silk fabric. The effect of mordant on dyeing was compared with the metallic mordanted and non-mordanted dyed fabric. Selected dye and mordant were collected from the Assam Agricultural University campus and eri silk was collected from the market of Guwahati, Assam for the study. Dyeing conditions, such as medium of extraction, extraction time, dyeing concentration, mordant concentrations, mordanting time and mordanting methods were optimized based on the objectives. Before dyeing, pre-treatment process such as degumming was carried out for the eri silk fabric. During the experimental processes, some dyeing conditions were kept constant such as material ratio (1:50) for extraction at 100°C. The dye absorption (%) was determined from the optical density value of the dye solution recorded before and after dyeing. Eco-printing of the dyed fabric was done after the dyeing process. The colour of mango (Mangifera indica) leaves dye obtained was deep yellow colour but turned yellowish green and buff yellow when two different mordants namely, alum and myrobalan were added to it. Evaluation of colourfastness properties namely colourfastness to washing, colourfastness to sunlight, colourfastness to crocking (wet and dry), colourfastness to perspiration (acidic and alkaline) and colourfastness to pressing (wet and dry) was carried out on the dyed and eco-printed samples, exhibited fair to good ratings with slightly to negligible stained. Characterization of control and dyed fabric samples were analyzed through FTIR, SEM, XRD and UPF. FTIR was evaluated to determine the presence of different functional groups before and after dyeing and observed the different spectrums in the control and dyed fabric. SEM analysis was done to determine the structure of the fiber before and after the dyeing of the eri silk fabric. X-ray diffraction of control, dyed and mordanted fabrics showed different peaks of crystallinity at different levels of 2Ө and there were changes in fabrics with different mordants. The ultraviolet protection factor was increased in dyed (non-mordanted) eri silk fabric as compared to control fabric. Some physical properties of dyed and eco-printed fabrics like fabric count (Ne), thickness (mm), fabric weight (GSM), elongation (%), moisture regain (%), stiffness (cm) and creased recovery angles were increased after dyeing and eco-printing of silk fabric. And the mordant has a significant effect on the colour of fabric and colourfastness properties were also influenced by the type of mordant used for dyeing and eco-printing. Hence it can be concluded from the study that natural mordant and natural dye obtained excellent effects on eri silk fabric.ThesisItem Open Access RESURGENCE OF TRADITIONAL ASSAMESE MOTIFS: THEIR APPLICATION IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN WOMEN’S WEAR(2021) Nath, Dristirupa; Kaur, SatvinderThe present study on “Resurgence of Traditional Assamese Motifs: Their Application in Contemporary Indian Women’s Wear” was carried out with the following objectives 1. To design and develop different yoke styles for women’s kurtis, 2. To select suitable traditional Assamese motifs for the yokes, 3. To develop the yokes and construct kurtis using the developed yokes, 4. To take the opinion of respondents on the constructed kurtis. Fifteen (15) yoke styles were sketched and among them seven (7) yoke styles were selected in consultation with the major advisor. The traditional Assamese motifs were collected from various primary and secondary sources and seven (7) traditional Assamese motifs were selected in consultation with the major advisor. The motifs were developed manually on individual sheets of graph paper. Then the selected seven (7) yoke styles and seven (7) traditional Assamese motifs were evaluated visually by 50 respondents of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. The respondents were asked to give their order of preferences regarding Yoke styles (shape of the yoke) suitable for using traditional Assamese motifs and Traditional Assamese motifs suitable for use on yoke through schedule I. The data was collected using the rating sheets and final three (3) yoke styles and three (3) motifs were short listed for the study. The motifs were placed differently for the different yoke styles. Total nine (9) yokes (3 yoke styles × 3 motifs) were developed on graph paper and woven on handloom. Greenish yellow and green coloured yarns were selected for the yoke and yellow coloured fabric was selected for the kurti. These three colours belong to the analogous colour scheme. Polyester yarn of count number 60/2 locally called padmini was used for weaving of the yokes. After weaving, yoke shapes were cut and finished with a bias binding. For construction of kurtis, a girl of 34 inch (85 cm) bust measurement was selected as a model and her measurements were taken for construction of the basic bodice block. Nine (9) kurtis with the developed hand woven yokes were stitched using plain weave lizzy bizzy fabric. The kurtis were constructed by following proper methods of economical layout, cutting and stitching. The constructed kurtis were then displayed and data was collected using the interview schedule II prepared for the purpose. Number of respondents was 50 women from Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. As per data from the interview schedule I, Yoke No. 1 got rank 1, Yoke No. 4 got rank 2 and Yoke No. 2 got rank 3 and these were selected for developing the designs further. Findings also highlighted that Motif No. 5 obtained rank 1, Motif No. 2 obtained rank 2 and Motif No. 6 obtained rank 3 and these were selected for developing the patterns for the selected yoke styles. Data from interview schedule II revealed that majority of the respondents found all the yoke styles as excellent. None of the respondents found the yoke styles as poor. Regarding overall appearance of the constructed kurtis with hand woven yoke, all the kurtis were preferred by majority of the respondents. It was observed that majority of the respondents found the cost of the kurti in all the forms as reasonable. A few of the respondents found it as fair and very few of the respondents found it as expensive. The findings also showed that Kurti Design No. 1 obtained 1st rank, Kurti Design no. 6 obtained 2nd rank and Kurti Design No. 5 obtained 3rd rank. It was found that Kurti Design No. 2 got 4th rank and Kurti Design No. 3 got 5th rank. Kurti Design No. 4, Kurti Design No. 7, Kurti Design No. 8 and Kurti Design No. 9 got the rank 6th, 7th 8th and 9th respectively. Data also revealed that high majority of the respondents would like to buy the yoke pieces/yokes/kurtis whereas very few of the respondents did not want to buy the yoke pieces/yokes/kurtis. It was found that half of the total respondents would like to buy stitched kurti, very few respondents wanted to buy only the woven fabric pieces and yoke with strips for sleeves.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of extraction and dyeing parameters of Lac dye from Kerria chinensis (Mahd.) on cotton(2021) Baruah, Sourav; Boruah, Rickey RaniThe present investigation entitled "Optimization of extraction and dyeing parameters of Lac dye from Kerria chinensis(Mahd.) on cotton”was conducted during the year 2019-21.In this study dyeing of cotton was done using Lac dye from species K. Chinensiswith the following objectives. 1. Standardization (optimization) of extraction and dyeing parameters of Lac dye. 2. Evaluation of the colour fastness properties of dyed cotton yarn. Natural dyes are emerging globally as eco-friendly colourant. The greater part of natural dye is vegetable dye obtained from plant source but there are dyes also obtained from insects e.g., Lac Dye. Lac is an animal originated insect dye which is found in India. They can also produce variety shades of colour. During the investigation,HCI, water and Na2CO3were used for acidic, aqueous and alkaline extraction method respectively. Result showed that the optimum extraction was 10% for each medium at 60°C for 60 minutes, 90°C for 100 minutes and 40°C for 75 minutes in acidic, aqueous and alkaline medium respectively. The natural colourant extracted from Lac insect (Kerria chinensis), was utilized for colouration of cotton yarn and their dyeing properties were investigated. Four different mordants such as alum, myrobalan, aluminium sulphate and ferrous sulphate were used on cotton yarns at different concentrations with pre, simultaneous and post-mordanting method to assess the colour fastness properties of the dyed samples. Results showed that, mordant has a significant effect on the colour of yarns and fastness properties were influenced by the type of mordants used. Lac dye showed burgundy to purple colour with mordant alum and orange to red orange colour with mordant aluminium sulphate, faded red in mordant myrobalan and ferrous sulphate shows dark grey colour on cotton yarn in different medium. Alum mordant showed more excellence in physical properties of dyed yarn while aluminium sulphate shows more excellence in colour fastness. Dyed cotton yarn exhibited the best colour fastness range from very fair to good with aluminium sulphate mordant. The cotton yarn samples dyed with alum was found to be better than myrobalan, aluminium sulphate, and ferrous sulphate in respect of tenacity (g/tex), wicking height (cm) and moisture regain (%). Cotton yarn samples mordanted with myrobalan showed highest density, wicking height and moisture regain. The myrobalan mordanted dyed cotton yarn showed highest tenacity and elongation.ThesisItem Open Access DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY SANITARY NAPKIN(2022) Konwar, Suravi; Kalita, Binita B.Menstrual hygiene is a critical problem for low-income groups in developing countries like India. Due to ignorance and lack of awareness, they cannot manage menstrual hygiene during the menstruation period. Studies have shown that about 88% of women in India use unsanitized cloth, ashes, and husk sand as a menstrual absorbent. Also, 70% of women in India can't use sanitary products due to not capable to afford in every month. Moreover, most of the commercially available disposable sanitary products are made of non-biodegradable materials which could induce environmental contamination during disposal. This problem has been solved by replacing a biodegradable sanitary napkin with a synthetic sanitary napkin. The present study focused on developing an eco-friendly sanitary napkin, with multilayer construction by using biodegradable resources. To achieve this goal, roselle and ramie fibers were selected to be used as absorbent filler. Polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven fabric was used as the main top sheet in the developed sanitary napkin. The absorbent layer was developed with a carded web of natural fibers of roselle, and ramie as well as the blend of roselle/ramie (50/50). The developed absorbent core was integrated between the top layer and the barrier layer. Poly lactic acid sheet was used as a barrier layer. Two plant extracts (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and Syzygium cumini) were applied onto the filler fibers to impart antimicrobial properties and then treated samples were evaluated qualitatively for their antimicrobial activity against grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa) bacteria. The antimicrobial test exhibited that the fibers sample treated with Nyctanthes arbor-tristis extract showed an effective inhibitory zone against all the pathogens. Therefore, Nyctanthes arbortristis extract was used as an antimicrobial finish on the filler fibers of developed sanitary napkins. Sanitary Napkins were made in two different sizes viz. large and extra-large. The performance of the sanitary napkin was assessed by absorbency and ability to withstand pressure after absorption, strike through test, wet back test, fluid retention test, vertical wicking test, leakage proof experiment, disposability test, dimensions, etc. Results showed that the sanitary napkin made from ramie had a high absorption capacity (125±2.00 gm and 113.67±2.08 gm) for both sizes. The large size ramie sanitary napkin had taken a minimum time (2.20±0.16 sec.) to transport the drop of fluid whereas the extra-large size sanitary napkin made of ramie had taken 2.38±0.12 seconds. The core with ramie sanitary napkin showed the least (0.43±0.05 gm and 0.47±0.057 gm) wet back value for the large and extra-large sizes. The highest retention capability was considered for ramie sanitary napkins (313.63±3.62% and 302.87±1.47%) for large and extra-large sizes. The sanitary napkin developed from ramie depicted the highest (6.90±0.10 cm and 5.87±0.11 cm) wicking height capacity for both sizes. The maximum percentage of moisture content (6.23±0.20% and 6.33±0.05%) was found in roselle napkins for both large & extra-large sizes. It was observed that there was no trace of leakage when the barrier sheet was folded into a cone and fluid was poured over it and kept for 48hrs. The large and extra-large size of sanitary napkin made of ramie was disintegrated in water just on 77.00±1.73 and 88.67±1.15 seconds of time. The cost of a single large sanitary napkin was found to be 3.18, 3.28 and 3.23 rupees for sanitary napkin developed from roselle, ramie, and a blend of roselle /ramie (50/50) while a single extra-large sanitary napkin was 3.60, 3.72 and 3.66 rupees for roselle sanitary napkin, ramie sanitary napkin and blend of roselle/ramie (50/50) sanitary napkin which was quite economic as compared to conventional sanitary napkins that are available in the market. Acceptability of the developed sanitary napkins was assessed and the respondents were asked to give a rating on the visual appeal and used product of developed sanitary napkins. The developed sanitary napkins were found excellent in overall visual appeal for both sizes viz. large and extra-large with WMS of 4.31 and 4.33. Respondent‘s opinions about used products were accepted as excellent with WMS of 4.33 and 4.39 for both large and extra-large sizes. 8ThesisItem Open Access Coating mulberry (Bombyx mori) silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles(2021) Gogoi, Saradi Jyotsna; Baruah, BulbulTextile industries in 21st century was experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in multiple fields of application. Nanotechnology overcomed the limitation of traditional process and technology by incorporating many functional properties such as fabric softness, durability, breathability, antimicrobial, water repellency, fire retardancy, ultra violet protection properties etc., to the textile world. It dealt with those properties of materials which could change incredibly when the particle size of the material had fall below approximately 100nm. Application of conventional method to the fibre, yarn or fabric would lose their function and comfort gradually while wearing or laundering. But imparting of nanotechnology to fibre, yarn or fabric would provide resistance to functional properties because, nano particles have large surface area to volume ratio and high surface energy. Coating of mulberry silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles would help in protecting skin as well as the mulberry silk fabric from the harmful UV rays. Further the life of fibroin coated mulberry silk might increase due to UV protection. Therefore, an attempt had been made to coat mulberry silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles from muga silk. The present research work was carried out on, ―Coating mulberry (Bombyx mori) silk fabric with fibroin based nanoparticles‖ With the following objectives: 1. To coat mulberry silk fabric with fibroin based muga nano particles. 2. To expose the fibroin coated mulberry silk fabric in UV light chamber. 3. To assess the properties of mulberry silk fabric before and after fibroin nano coating. Two sources for coating mulberry silk fabric namely fibroin from muga silk and zinc oxide were selected for the study. Synthesis of fibroin nanoparticles, coating method, fibroin concentration and zinc oxide concentration were optimized. During coating in all the processes material to liquor ratio (1:20) was kept constant. Coating method, fibroin concentration and zinc oxide concentration were optimized, based on the UPF value obtained from the test sample before and after coating. The coated mulberry silk fabric with fibroin and fibroin + zinc oxide indicated very good protection against UV radiation with UPF value 50.78 and 77.19, respectively. The other important properties of coated samples were also very satisfactory. The properties like tensile strength, air permeability, wicking height, stiffness, thickness, crease recovery angle of coated samples decreased due to coating, which was negligible. For example, the tensile strength of controlled sample was 22.28 kgf and 34.60 kgf in warp and weft respectively whereas only fibroin coated sample increased its strength 7.02% in warp direction and 15.58% in weft direction. But the fibroin + zinc oxide coated sample showed decreased strength in warp direction (13.20 kgf) and increased strength in weft direction (53.60 kgf). Air permeability was related to comfort property of fabric. In the present investigation air permeability of controlled sample is 0.102 KPaS/m where as fibroin coated fabric showed 0.094 KPaS/m and fibroin + zinc oxide coated fabric showed 0.073 KPaS/m. It could be confirmed that, these nano particles coating did not affect the comfort property of the fabric. Besides these, wash durability of coated fabric was also found to be good. Fibroin coated samples could resist UPF up to 10 washings and fibroin + zinc oxide coated silk fabric could resist UPF up to 15 washings. Hence, from the study it was found that, fibroin and fibroin + zinc oxide could be effectively used for coating mulberry silk fabric. It protected the mulberry silk fabric as well as our skin from the harmful ultraviolet radiation.ThesisItem Open Access ENZYMATIC EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF NON-CONVENTIONAL FIBER FROM BETEL NUT (ARECA CATECHU)(AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Bora, Debangana Priya; Kalita, Binita B.The search for efficient and green oxidation technologies has increased to replace the conventional non-biological methods. In the present investigation an efforts have been made to treat the areca husk fiber with cellulose enzyme as a suitable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical processing for achieving desired softness in areca husk fiber. Enzymes treatment removed the protruding hairs on the surface, enhances the water absorbency and also makes the fiber more soften. Among the different existing enzymes, cellulase have been using intensively in textile industry due to their advantageous property. Cellulase enzymes have become an efficient tool for finishing. Moreover, this enzyme can be used to modify the surface properties of the fiber. Utilization of agro waste material is an important means to conserve the environment from dumping large quantity in to bare lands and it also helps in new innovative product development from low cost materials. In the present study, well matured areca nut husk were collected in large quantities and the fiber was extracted by water retting method. Extracted fibers were treated with two cellulase enzymes (acid cellulase and cellulase).The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of treated and untreated areca nut husk fiber were studied. The fiber shows good cellulase and hemicelluloses content and little amount of ash and wax content. The surface morphology is examined with the help of SEM at various magnifications. Fiber is found to be shorter in length and has good strength properties. Moisture and density of the fiber is also analyzed. After that both the enzyme treated and raw areca nut husk fiber processed for composite board preparation. The prepared composite boards were tested for various performance properties. It was found that after the enzyme treatment, physical properties such as moisture regain, fiber diameter, water absorbency, wicking height etc and mechanical properties viz., elongation, density and surface characteristics were improved as compared to untreated fiber. Moreover, enzyme treated fiber reinforced composite board also provide higher physical and mechanical property as compared to untreated fiber reinforced composite board. This can be concluded from the study that the prepared composite board made of areca husk fibers is suitable for interior use as well as furnishing products and sports equipment.
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