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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20161
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Subject: Poultry Science × Author: BORGOHAIN, BONDANA × End date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF FEEDING GARLIC (Allium sativum) AS PREBIOTIC ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN
    (Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2016-07) BORGOHAIN, BONDANA; Mahanta, J. D.
    This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of feeding garlic (Allium sativum) as prebiotic on the performance of commercial broiler chicken. One hundred and forty four day-old commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400 Y) having similar body weight from a single hatch was procured. The chicks were randomly divided into four groups viz. T0, T1, T2 and T3 containing 36 chicks in each groups. Each group was further subdivided into 3 replicates of 12 chicks in each group. The chicks were wing banded and reared under deep litter system of management throughout the experimental period following standard and uniform managemental practices. The birds under T0 group were offered basal diet without addition of garlic powder. The birds under T1, T2 and T3 groups were given garlic powder with feed at the rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% level respectively. All the experimental groups were provided commercial brand of probiotic powder (Probios) at the recommended dose of 1g/litre of drinking water. For preparation of garlic powder, garlic bulbs were peeled off and sun-dried for three days. Then these bulbs were dried in Hot Air Oven at a temperature of 500C. The dried substances were ground to obtain the dry garlic powder and were stored at room temperature and used in the feeds of broiler chickens for a period of six (6) weeks. The garlic powder was incorporated into the diets at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% levels (on dry matter basis). All the birds under control and treatment groups were offered ad libitum feed and water throughout the experimental period. The birds of all the four groups were reared separately and maintained under uniform managemental condition. During the six (6) weeks of experimental period, following parameters were studied: performance traits like weekly feed intake and feed consumption, weekly body weight and body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Broiler Performance Efficiency Index (BPEI) and Livability, economics of production, carcass traits like carcass quality traits, relative organ weights including lymphoid organs, haematological parameters like hemoglobin , Packed Cell Volume , total RBC count, total WBC count and WBC differential count (Neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, lymphocyte) and biochemical parameters like total serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, serum glucose and ALT. The total feed consumption per broiler for different experimental groups was highest in T2 group (3633.23g) and lowest in T0 group (3390.96g). The final body weight per broiler was highest in T2 group (2175.00± 31.90 g) followed by T3 (2008.3± 34.13 g), T1 (1986.11± 30.85 g) and T0 (1904.86± 27.05 g). The overall FCR of the entire period of the experimental groups was best in T2 group (1.67) followed by T3 (1.74), T0 (1.78) and T1 (1.80) group. Among the different experimental groups, T2 showed the highest BPEI (130.24) followed by T3 (115.45), T1 (110.28) and T0 (106.96) group. The per cent livability of all the experimental groups was cent per cent (100). The cost of production per broiler including the additional cost of garlic powder was highest in T3 (Rs. 167.87) than T2 (Rs. 166.31), T1 (Rs. 157.59) and T0 (Rs. 144.70). However, gross profit per broiler was found to be highest in T2 group (Rs. 51.19) followed by T0 (Rs. 45.73), T1 (Rs. 41.01) and T3 (Rs. 32.93) group. All carcass quality traits (live weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage and giblet weight) except per cent yields of giblet did not differ significantly among different experimental groups. The giblet yield (%) was significantly higher in T0 group (5.61± 0.17) than T1 (5.08± 0.10), T2 (4.88± 0.05), T3 (4.85± 0.09). The per cent yield of cut-up parts like neck, wing, back, breast, thigh and drumstick did not differ significantly among different treatment groups. The per cent weights of relative organs of broiler chicken on dressed weight basis did not differ significantly among different treatment groups except the per cent weights of liver, gizzard, lungs and abdominal fat. The per cent weights of liver, gizzard, lungs and abdominal fat of T0 group (2.41, 2.48, 0.97 1.31 per cent) were higher than the garlic fed groups. Among the lymphoid organs, both bursa and thymus showed no significant difference in per cent weights between the different treatment groups except the per cent weights of spleen. The spleen weight decreased significantly (P<0.05) in T2 (1.68±0.07) and T3 group (1.72± 0.07) as compared to T0 (2.31±0.05) and T1 (2.27± 0.04). All the haematological parameters except haemoglobin and total RBC recorded in the present study differed significantly among different treatment groups. The total WBC was significantly higher in T2 (85.69 ± 2.18) and T3 groups (85.11 ± 1.46) as compared to T0 (71.12 ± 1.82) and T1group (72.52 ± 1.93). The WBC differential count (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte and Lymphocyte) was significantly higher in T2 (Neutrophil- 4.52 ± 0.11, Eosinophil- 0.76 ± 0.09, Monocyte- 1.08 ± 0.06 and Lymphocyte- 70.58 ± 1.00 million/mm3) and T3 groups (Neutrophil- 4.69 ± 0.11, Eosinophil- 0.89 ± 0.09, Monocyte- 1.12 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte- 71.89 ± 0.97 million/mm3) as compared to T0 (Neutrophil – 4.16 ± 0.14, Eosinophil – 0.52 ± 0.07, Monocyte – 0.91 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte – 64.19 ± 1.78) and T1group (Neutrophil- 4.32 ± 0.13, Eosinophil-0.63± 0.06, Monocyte- 0.99 ± 0.03 and Lymphocyte-66.26 ± 1.65 million/mm3). The values of all the biochemical parameters (total serum cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and ALT) except serum glucose recorded in the present study differed significantly (P<0.01) among different treatment groups. The total serum cholesterol was found lowest in T3 and T2 (109.48 and 110.89 mg/dl) as compared to T0 and T1 group (165.01 and 146.48 mg/dl). The values of HDL in T2 and T3 (82.02 and 83.13mg/dl) were significantly higher as compared to T0 and T1 group (47.42 and 57.47 mg/dl). The LDL level was significantly (P<0.01) lowest in T2 (18.27 ± 3.85 mg/dl) and highest in control group (96.85 ± 4.88 mg/dl). The serum triglycerides level was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in T3 (50.43 ± 3.11 mg/dl) and T2 (53.74 ± 2.76 mg/dl) and highest in control group (103.74 ± 2.91mg/dl). The ALT levels was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in T2 (24.27 ± 0.55 U/ml) and highest in control group (26.29 ± 0.74 U/ml). Thus, it is concluded that garlic powder can be used effectively as prebiotic in feed at the level of 1.0% to improve the overall performance of broiler chicken.