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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat

Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level. Genesis of AAU - The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati. Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.

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20191
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Subject: Livestock Product Technology × Author: RAHMAN, ZIAUR × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CERTAIN ASPECTS OF CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SWAMP BUFFALOES OF ASSAM
    (College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 2019-07) RAHMAN, ZIAUR; Hazarika, Mineswar
    The swamp buffaloes of Assam play an important role in the socio-economic as well as socio-cultural life of the people of Assam. Swamp buffaloes are poor in milk production but yield excellent source of meat. It is widely recognized that meat is an excellent source of good quality protein provides all essential amino acids and several micro-nutrients in proper proportion to support human health. As some people have wrong conception towards the consumption of red meat that it causes cardiovascular diseases, but in present day situation the best alternative red meat is carabeef, a rich source of hypocholesterolemic fatty acids. Buffalo is the only potential animal that can boost meat industry in India. A study on the carcass characteristics and meat quality traits including viz. pH, Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Extract Release Volume (ERV), Drip loss, Cooking loss, TBARS, Tyrosine value, Muscle fibre diameter, MFI, Hydroxyproline content, Proximate Composition, Texture and Colour profile analysis along with organoleptic, shelf-life and microbial qualities of meat of swamp buffaloes of the age groups 2-4 years and above 4 years of either sexes were carried out. Twenty buffaloes were slaughtered in service type of slaughterhouses. Their live weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass length, loin eye area, weight of different wholesale cuts and by-products were recorded. The physico-chemical qualities were assessed on 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th day. The representative meat samples (L. dorsi) were kept at refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1°C) up to 6th day for quality assessment. Significant (P < 0.01) and progressive increase in live weight, carcass weight, carcass length, loin eye area and dressing percentages were recorded along with increase in age and irrespective of sexes although these were recorded more pronounced in male than female. A progressive increase in by-products yields were recorded as age advanced and were found to be more in female than in male. The weight of fore quarter was more than the hind quarters, round followed by chuck were the heaviest among the wholesale cuts. The meat pH did not show significant differences. Although there was significant (P < 0.01) increase in the overall mean values of pH and WHC (sq cm) during the refrigerated storage. Yet, there were no significant differences in overall mean pH and WHC values with increasing age of buffaloes of either sexes. The overall mean ERV (ml/100gm) and shear force values (kg/cm2) were higher on 1st day as compared to 6th day of refrigerated storage. There was significant (P < 0.01) increase in the overall mean of shear force along with increase in the age of both the sexes of buffaloes but no significant differences were observed in overall mean ERV values. TBARS (mg malonaldehyde/kg) and Tyrosine (mg tyrosine/100gm) values increased significantly (P < 0.01) with the increase in the refrigerated storage period from 1st to 6th day. No significant differences were observed in overall mean TBARS and Tyrosine values with the increasing age of either sex of swamp buffaloes. A significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the overall mean values of per cent MFI was recorded with increase in the age of both the sexes of buffaloes. The overall mean per cent MFI values increased significantly (P < 0.01) along with the increase in the storage periods from 1st to 6th day. Muscle fibre diameter (μ) and per cent Hydroxyproline content were higher on 1st day as compared to 6th day of storage in refrigeration temperature. The overall mean Muscle fibre diameter and per cent Hydroxyproline content increased significantly (P < 0.01) on increase in the age of buffaloes of both sexes. On Texture Profile Analysis, the overall mean values of hardness (g), springiness (mm), cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from 1st to 6th day of storage. There was no significant differences in the overall mean values of hardness (g), springiness (mm), cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience on increase in the age of both sexes of buffaloes. On colour profile analysis, significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the overall mean values of lightness (L*) with the increase in the age of either sexes of buffaloes. The overall mean values of lightness (L*) increased significantly (P < 0.01) with the increase in the storage period from 1st to 6th day and significant (P < 0.01) increase in overall mean values of redness (a*) with the increase in the age of both the sexes of buffaloes. The overall mean values of redness (a*) decreased significantly (P < 0.01) with the increase in storage period from 1st to 6th day. There was significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the overall mean values of yellowness (b*) with the increase in the age of both the sexes of buffaloes. The overall mean values of yellowness (b*) increased but non significantly with the increase in the storage period from 1st to 6th day. A significant (P < 0.01) decreasing trend in the overall mean values of per cent moisture was observed on increase in the age of buffaloes irrespective of sexes. However, increase in storage days showed no significant differences. A significant increase in the overall mean values of per cent crude protein, per cent ether extract and per cent total ash were recorded along with increase in the age of buffaloes of either sex. The overall mean values of per cent crude protein, per cent ether extract and per cent total ash showed no significant differences with the increase in storage periods from 1st to 6th day. Per cent drip loss showed significant (P < 0.01) decrease in the overall mean values on increase in age of both the sexes of buffaloes. The mean per cent drip loss increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increase in storage periods from 24 to 48 hours. The overall mean values of per cent cooking loss decreased significantly (P < 0.01) with increase in the age of both the sexes of buffaloes during storage periods. Microbial studies revealed that the Psychrophillic, Mesophillic, Coliform, Yeast and Mould counts increased significantly (P < 0.01) with increase in storage period from 1st day to 6th day and the counts were in acceptable range up to 3rd day. Staphylococcus aureus were detected only on 6th day of storage. Five meat samples out of twenty were found to be positive for Salmonella. Organoleptic evaluation of meat revealed that panelist preferred meat of 2-4 years age group of buffaloes. The above study leads to the conclusion that the meat of 2-4 years of age group of buffaloes of either sex were more tender and juicy and could be stored safely at refrigerated temperature (4 ± 1ºC) up to 3rd day. To reduce the initial bacterial load for slaughtering and dressing of buffaloes, should be done on hanging the carcass to enhance the shelf-life of meat. Since swamp buffaloes are considered as meat animals in draft policy of Assam, data obtained in present study would be quite useful for Government to take progressive steps in the processing and marketing of buffalo meat both for domestic and export purpose.