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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTREPRENEURS OF ASSAM WITH REFERENCE TO DAIRY FARMING(2023) Mudoi, Dhruba Jyoti; Borah, SayanikaResearch studies in dairy farming in Assam can lead to improved practices and policies, increased productivity, better animal health and welfare, and enhanced food safety for consumers. This will contribute to the overall wellbeing of the farmers, the local economy, and the wider community. Therefore, it was decided to undertake a research study on “Status of Agricultural Entrepreneurs of Assam with reference to Dairy Farming” with the objectives a) To develop the complete understanding of the entrepreneurs with reference to dairy farming. b) To find out the influencing factors for the selecting dairy farming as an enterprise. c) To assess the knowledge of the respondents regarding dairy farming as an enterprise. d) To identify the problems faced by the respondents in operating the enterprise. e)To elicit the suggestions from the respondents regarding improving the enterprise. The present study was carried out in purposively selected 5 districts of Assam where the highest number of registered dairy cooperative societies were found under Directorate of Dairy Development, Government of Assam. Districts were Jorhat, Nagaon, Lakhimpur, Golaghat and Morigaon. One (1) block from each district was selected purposively having the highest number of registered cooperative societies under D.D.D, Government of Assam. Four (4) Dairy Cooperative Societies (D.C.S) from each block were selected using simple random sampling. The selection of respondents (dairy farmers) was done using equal allocation technique under stratified sampling from each Dairy Cooperative Societies. From each Dairy Cooperative Society, 10 dairy farmers were selected randomly. Thus a total number of two hundred (200) respondents were selected. The findings shows that majority of the farmers (40.00 %) belonged to the middle aged (31 – 45 years) with majority of the farmers belonged to the male category (54.50 %) with educational qualification up to higher secondary (29.50 %), 39.50 per cent belonged to the ST/SC category and nuclear family with medium family size (45.00 %). Majority of the farmers had medium level of experience in dairy farming and a mixed of all cattle in livestock possession along with mixed type of animal shed with local soil as their flooring in the animal shed. A large number of the farmers (32.50 %) obtained information from TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of TV / Radio Internet Media and most of them them them them them kept vaccination records of their cattles and prepared packed milk and used bike for milk transportation. Dairy farmers are mostly influenced by social factors, followed by psychological, economic and technical and lastly by market related factors for selecting dairy farming as their enterprise. Overall majority of the farmers (74.00 %) had medium level of knowledge and the highest level of knowledge was seen in reproductive management (Mean score 13.86). Majority farmers faced problems with scientific breeding practices (Mean score 7.43). Almost cent per cent of the farmers (99.00 %) suggested that there should be improvement in the farmer’s access to institutional credit or loan through simplification of procedures and reduction in interest rates and financial agencies should also increase the quantum of loan amount to enable the farmers to purchase quality and high yielding milch animals.ThesisItem Open Access TECHNOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT OF TRIBAL WOMEN OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH IN FRUIT PRODUCTION(2022) Jumi, Toko; Sarmah, JulianaWomen play an important role in the production of horticulture crops. Their work includes seed sowing, cleaning, weeding, sorting, and grading of the crops. Women have gratuitously contributed to their traditional farm practices and farm activities. They participate in several farm operations with men contributing a significant amount to their family income. Realizing the importance of the fact the study entitled “Technological Empowerment of Tribal Women of Arunachal Pradesh in Fruit Production” has been undertaken with the following objectives: To develop complete understanding of women of Arunachal Pradesh. To assess the existing technological knowledge on fruit cultivation of respondents in fruit production. To identify existing practices of the respondents in fruit production and To study the impact of intervention programme on fruit production. The present study was conducted in two parts of Arunachal Pradesh, namely East Arunachal Pradesh and West Arunachal Pradesh. Seven districts, 3 districts from east division namely and 4 districts from west division of Arunachal Pradesh were selected for the study. The selected districts were Papumpare, Lower Subansiri and East Siang from East Arunachal Pradesh. The districts included in West Arunachal Pradesh were West Siang, West Kameng district, Namsai and Lohit. One block from each district was selected by simple random sampling method. A total of 21 villages were selected having highest fruit production for carrying out the present study. Twenty (20) farm women from each village were selected randomly by following the equal distribution method. A total of 420 respondents from selected 21 villages of the selected zones were taken as respondents for the present study. The study revealed majority of respondents (75.71%) belonged to middle age group (33-45) years. More than 42 per cent respondents studied till primary school. Majority (97.14%) of the respondents were from nuclear family. Majority (68.09%) of the respondents belonged to medium family. Majority (84.05%) of respondents had possessed mixed type of house. Majority (61.91%) of occupation of respondent’s head of family was farming. Majority (67.86%) of the respondents were members of one organization. Majority (95.95%) of the respondents were marginal farmers and possessed agricultural land below 1.00 Hectare. More than half (51.90%) of the respondents used homemade bio fertilizer on their fruit crops. Majority of the respondents (19.52%) had frequent contacts with Krishi Vigyan Kendra personnel. More than 39 per cent respondents did not attend any training programme on fruit production, 37.14 per cent of the respondents had attended training on mushroom cultivation, Majority of the respondents (92.60%) faced transportation problem in attending training programme. A large majority (97.14%) of respondents did not read farm magazines on daily basis. Majority of the respondents (56.67%) had independent participation in cleaning of fruit plant. Majority of respondents (76.90%) took independent decision in transplanting. Cent per cent of the respondents took independent decision in selection and preparation of food. Respondents spent on an average 8 hours in farm related activities, lack of government subsidy with mean score 1.86 was the most prominent problem faced by the respondents. It was found that majority of the respondents (66.19%) had medium level of knowledge on fruit production followed by 17.38 per cent had low and 16.43 had low level of knowledge (overall). Highest per cent of respondents (18.33%) from East Siang district (D3) belonged to low level of knowledge on fruit production out of the other 7 districts. Large majority (95.48%) of respondents did not have the practice of growing of green manure crop to improve the physical and chemical conditions of soil. It was found that only 13.33 per cent of respondents had ‘good level’ of practice on fruit production (overall). There was a positive and highly significant relationship between knowledge of the respondents with their practice regarding fruit production. There was a significant association between age, educational qualification and family size of the respondents with knowledge level on fruit production. The mean gain in knowledge score after the intervention programme was 12.07 (64.37%).The mean of retention score was 15.63 (44.65%). There was an increase in adoption of practice score 10.20 (34.00%) after 30 days of intervention programme.ThesisItem Open Access Role of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Rural Development with special reference to Jorhat district of Assam(2021) RAJASRI, SADALA; Das, Manju DuttaWomen empowerment has become a meme in the global governance network. In this context, SHGs have emerged as the tools that wield power to creat a socio-economic revolution in the rural areas of our country. SHGs set as the building blocks of organizing poor and disadvantaged households in the community. SHGs have not only produced tangible assets and improved living condition of members but also help in changing much of their outlook, world view and attitude. The present study entitled Role of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Rural Development with special reference to Jorhat district of Assam with the objectives: i) To study the organizational structure and functioning of the selected SHGs, ii) To find out the various sources of fund and their pattern of expenditure, iii) To study the impact of selected SHGs on socio-economic empowerment of rural women and iv) To explore suggestions for the effective functioning of SHGs in improving the socio-economic status of rural women. A sample of 60 SHGs consisting of 300 members have taken to study the various aspects of the SHGs. A multistage purposive cum simple random sampling method was adopted. It was found that most of the SHGs (76.67 per cent) were promoted by Government organizations, established during the year 2000-2005 (50.00 per cent), had constitution for conducting their regular activities (93.33 per cent) and members belonged to residents of the same village where SHGs were located. Majority of the SHG groups (66.66 per cent) had 10-15 members. Nearly 50.00 per cent of the SHGs did not have any fixed tenure of service of office bearers. Higher percentage of respondents from SHGs were motivated for avail the loan (90.00 per cent). It was found that meetings were conducted on monthly basis. Majority of the SHGs (83.34 per cent) expressed of holding the meetings in the afternoon. 66.67 per cent SHGs reported that there is no fixed time of the duration of SHGs meetings. 93.34 per cent were conducting meetings at their office bearers residence. 58.33 per cent of SHGs were reported to impose no fine for absenteeism followed by 33.33 per cent SHGs imposed penalty of Rs. 5 and 8.33 per cent of Rs.10 for absenteeism . 88.33 per cent of the SHGs were found to be regular in their contribution towards savings. Monthly interest rate was 2 % for 75 per cent of selected SHGs. 58.33 per cent charged 5% from outside group members. 90 per cent SHGs had kept records with respect to internal loan and interest (95.00 per cent). Majority of the SHGs (55.00 per cent) did not to have provision of verification of accounts for which misunderstanding among the members were seemed to be developed gradually. 50.00 per cent of SHGs received training on maintenance of records. Majority of the SHGs did not received any kind of training for proper function of SHGs. 73.33 per cent SHGs were found to raise their income mainly from government fund to implement some socio-economic activities, while, 70.00 per cent relied on its membership subscription. 73.33 per cent had spent their funds in traveling to collect important information, attending meetings, visiting banks etc. from different related organization/institutions. 54.66 per cent of the respondents belonged to middle aged (between 36-55 years). 50.33 per cent of rural women in SHGs were holding 1.0 acre-4 acres of land, educated upto HSLC (40.33%) followed by primary school( 41.00 %) Independent profession was the major occupation (47 per cent) of the members of SHGs. Majority (82.00 %) of the SHGs members belonged to nuclear family. Rural women moved from their house for social visit, attending bank, and block which were ranked as I, II, and III. After joining SHGs, all the respondents were empowered to take decision on marketing of prepared products (100%) and 49.33 per cent of members had medium level of risk bearing abilities. Job reservation for women and punishing wicked husband, compulsory family planning and inter caste marriage were ranked as I, and II and III which were strongly approved social issues by all rural women. Lack of awareness regarding functioning of SHG ranked (I) with mean score 1.98 followed by lack of adequate training provided by the linked agencies, and lack of vocational/skill development training ranked (II) with a mean score 1.96 are the major problems faced by members. Majority of the respondents increased decision making power within their household (66.00%). medium (62.00 per cent) level of self confidence, not interacting with officials (53.33%) whereas after joining in SHGs, 13.33 per cent and 33.33 per cent sometimes had interacted with outsiders followed by not faced any family violence in their respective household (50%). It was also revealed that the status of access to amenities were increased (37.05%) after joining SHGs. 68.67% respondents were encouraged to take loans from SHGs / Govt. fund after joining SHGs. 70.00 per cent SHG members have increased their asset value after joining SHGs. The awareness of members about selection of micro enterprises (rank 1), and organize need based intervention programmes were (rank II) suggested by Government, NGOs officials and knowledgeable personsThesisItem Open Access OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS OF TRIBAL FARM WOMEN OF ASSAM IN FARMING AND HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES(2022) Kalita, Rashmi Rekha; Borah, SayanikaThe present investigation into the occupational health hazards of tribal farm women in Assam in farming and household activities was carried out in three agro-climatic zones from the Brahmaputra Valley Zone. A multi-stage purposive simple random sampling design was followed for sample selection. One district from each zone, namely Majuli of the Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone, Morigaon of the Central Brahmaputra Valley Zone and Kokrajhar of the Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone, was selected purposively where majority of the tribal people live. From the one district, one subdivision and from one subdivision, one block was selected. From the selected three blocks, two villages were selected from each of the blocks. Thus, six (06) villages were selected for the study. From each of the villages, fifty (50) respondents were selected randomly. A total of 300 tribal farm women were selected randomly who were engaged in farming and nonfarm activities for the present study. Data collection was done by using a structured interview schedule. The study revealed that the majority of the tribal farm women (43.66%) were from the middle aged group (36-46 years) and married (83.67%). The majority of tribal farm women (75.00%) had farming as a family occupation, followed by 64.67 percent of marginal farmers, 72.33 percent of nuclear families and 61.33 percent of medium socioeconomic status. 66.00 percent of respondents had occasional contact with the ADO/Agricultural Office and 60.00 percent had attended various agriculture-related training programmes on a regular basis. case of pre-harvesting activities, the majority of tribal farm women independently participated in mulching (71.00%) and jointly participated in transplanting, planting, and sowing of seeds (70.00%). In the case of farming, 86.66 percent independently participated in seed cleaning and 49.00% jointly participated in seed storing. Regarding household activities, the majority of tribal farm women participated independently in pre-preparation of cooking (96.67%) and jointly in the care of children or elderly (41.00%). It also indicated that weaving (93.33%) and piggery (65.33%). Tribal farm women spent the most time on land preparation (6 hours per day). Regarding Physiological Problems, Headache was ranked as I with a mean score of 0.93. 66.00 per cent of the respondents had a medium level of awareness and 100.00 per cent of the respondents used improved Kohona. The data revealed that an awareness camp should be organized on health hazards: rank as I, have a mean score of 1.81. Time utilization and body discomfort have significant associations with selected farming and household activities.ThesisItem Open Access Problems and Expectations of Elderly citizens of Jorhat district of Assam(2022) BORAH, MONSUMI; Hazarika, DaisyThe study entitled “Problems and Expectations of Elderly Citizens of Jorhat district of Assam” was undertaken with the objectives: 1. To study the background profile of the respondents. 2.To identify the problems faced by the respondents. 3.To find out the expectation of the respondents. 4.To elicit the association between expectation and problems of the respondents with selected independent variables. A purposive cum simple random sampling method was adopted for selecting the sample of 400 respondents. The respondents were selected from five wards having highest elderly population under Jorhat Municipality Board. Primary data was collected through personal interview. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (54.50%) belonged to the young elderly age group, 59.00 per cent were from nuclear family and have medium family size (67.00%), had education up to graduation (37.25 %) and pension was the main source of income for 57.25 per cent of respondents. Majority (74.50%) of the respondents were married. Most of them had 1-2 children (84.00%). The findings further showed that majority of the respondents belonged to medium socio-economic status (72.00%). The study also highlighted that in health problems, most of the respondents had diabetes (41.00%), high blood pressure (40.50%) and knee & joint pain (30.00%). Under emotional/psychological problems most of the respondents suffered from loneliness (27.00%), memory loss (12.25%) and constant worry (5.75%). In social problems, most of the respondents felt that the public places are not elderly-friendly (35.50%), Under financial problems, respondents mainly felt that the available finances are not sufficient for day-to-day expenses (19.50%), For neglect and abuse, a little per cent of respondents was subjected to some kind of verbal/ emotional abuse inside/outside home (12.25%) The type of abuse experienced was mainly humiliation (6.50%), verbal assault (6.50%). The respondents mainly faced neglect due to not taken for regular medical check-ups (9.50%). Findings also highlighted that under expectations from family members the respondents mainly expected to be being around when needed (34.00%). In expectations from society most (40.75%) of the respondents expected the society to create separate clubs, association and other social networks catering to the need of the elderly people followed by should create a secured environment for the elderly (33.50%) Under expectations from the Government the respondents mainly expected that there should be separate counters with all supporting facilities for elderly peoples in all govt/non-govt organizations (31.75%). Findings also showed that age, family type and previous occupation, all these variables affected the problems of the respondents except for educational qualification and organizational membership. It also revealed that the variables age, previous occupation and organizational membership did not affect the expectations of the respondents except for the educational qualification and family type.ThesisItem Open Access EMPOWERMENT OF RURAL WOMEN IN VEGETABLE PRODUCTION FOR NUTRITIONAL SECURITY(2022) SACHAN, DIVYA; Sarmah, JulianaRural women play an important role in both household and socio economic development of the society. Development of any nation will be impossible without developing this important and substantial segment of our society. Women perform a perceptible role in a variety of agricultural operations. They are actively involved in the cultivation of various crops, as well as vegetable production and kitchen gardening. Realizing the importance of rural women in vegetable production and knowing the extent of training needs of these rural women, the study entitled ―Empowerment of rural women in vegetable production for nutritional security‖ was planned with following objectives: To study the work profile of rural women in homestead gardening. To assess the existing knowledge and practice of rural women on vegetable production. To empower rural women in vegetable production through intervention and assess its impact. The present study was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam state. From Jorhat sub-division three blocks namely Kaliapani, Dhekorgorah and Chipahikhola were selected for the study. From each block three villages were selected and from each village 50 respondents were selected by simple random sampling method who were involved in vegetable production activities. Thus all total four hundred fifty (450) rural women from nine villages were the respondents for the present study. The study revealed that majority of the rural women were of middle age group (58.22%), married (91.55%), educated up to middle school level (31.56%) belonged to OBC/MOBC category (73.77%) had nuclear type of family (80.23 %), were having farming as their main occupation (38.89%), had agricultural land 1-3 bigha (38.00%) majority of them had pucca house (48.22%). More than 69 per cent had medium socio-economic status. All the respondents were using biocompost as their main source of fertilizer, had poor contact with extension personnel, lack of time due to over burden of household work was the main problem faced by the respondents in attending training programme. Majority (63.77%) of the respondents had medium level of participation in different activities of production of vegetable crops, had medium level of participation in decision-making (64.22%). Majority (76.00%) of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about vegetable production. The percentage of respondents belonging to the low category of knowledge was higher (21.55%) in the area of land preparation in comparison to other aspects of vegetable production. In case of practice, majority (64.89%) of the respondents had to moderate level of practice regarding vegetable production and 31.33 percent had poor level of practice in plant protection. Selection of respondents for the intervention programme was done from that block where percentage of respondents belonging to lower level of existing knowledge in vegetable production was found more. After intervention gain in knowledge score was 29.34. The impact of intervention programme was found to be highly significant (tvalue- 46.56**) in terms of gain in knowledge. Data regarding existing practices and adoption of practices shows an increase in adoption of practices score (11.57) after 30 days of intervention programme and there was also a highly significant difference between pre exposure practice score and post exposure practice score. Keywords: Empowerment, Rural women, vegetable production, Nutritional Security, knowledge and practice etc.
