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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT (INM) IN RICE-SESAME-PEA CROPPING SYSTEM(2019-07) Bokado, Kangujam; Bora, P. C.A field experiment was conducted in Instructional cum Research Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat for two years i.e, 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth, yield and quality of rice-sesame-pea cropping system and also to find out the requirement of sulphur in sesame and pea. The treatment consisted of four levels of INM viz., F1: 100% N from inorganic, F2: 25% N from FYM + 75 % N from inorganic, F3: 50% N from FYM + 50 % N from inorganic and F4: 75% N from FYM + 25 % N from inorganic for rice. For sesame and pea, the treatment consisted of four levels of INM (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and four sulphur levels which include S0: 0 kg ha-1, S1: 10 kg ha-1, S2: 20 kg ha-1 and S3: 30 kg ha-1. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations replicated thrice in a split-plot design. The initial soil status of the experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, low in available phosphorus, medium in available potassium and low in available sulphur. Growth and yield components of rice were influenced by INM. Plant height, number of tillers per running metre, plant dry weight (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), number of effective tillers m-2 , panicle length (cm), number of grains panicle-1, test weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1), straw yield (t ha-1), harvest index (%) and benefit-cost ratio, protein content (%), carbohydrate content (%) in grain, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was observed to be maximum at 100% N from inorganic. INM and sulphur levels influenced growth and yield components of sesame significantly. Plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant dry weight (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), number of capsules plant-1, number of seeds capsule-1, grain yield (t ha-1), stover yield (t ha-1), harvest index (%), protein content (%), oil content (%) in grain, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was observed to be maximum at 75% N from FYM + 25% N from inorganic + 30 kg S ha-1. The effect of INM and sulphur on growth and yield components of succeeding pea was significantly influenced by nitrogen levels and sulphur levels. Plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant dry weight (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, pod yield (t ha-1), stover yield (t ha-1), harvest index (%), protein content (%), oil content (%) in seed, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was observed to be maximum at 75% N from FYM + 25% N from inorganic+ 30 kg S ha-1.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea) – DIRECT SEEDED AUTUMN RICE (Oryza sativa) CROPPING SYSTEM IN ASSAM(AAU, Jorhat, 2019-07) Kumar, Bollaveni Sathish; Das, J. C.A field experiment entitled “Effect of irrigation and nutrient management in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) – direct seeded autumn rice (Oryza sativa) cropping system in Assam” was carried out at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during two consecutive rabi (Oct- Feb) followed by summer (Feb-June) seasons of 2016 - 2017 and 2017-2018 to evaluate the optimum irrigation and nutrient management practices on growth an yield of the crops. The treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation viz., I0-Rain-fed, I1-IW:CPE=1.20, I2-IW:CPE=1.40 and I3-IW:CPE=1.60 and five levels of nutrient management practices viz., N1- Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), N2 – RDF + FYM @ 5t/ha, N3 -75% RDF (N) + 25% N through FYM, N4- 50% RDF (N) + 50% N through FYM and N5- 50% RDF (N) + 50% N through FYM + Bio-fertilizers (Consortium of Azotobacter and PSB), laid out in a split-plot design with irrigations in the main plots and nutrient management practices in the sub-plots and were replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam in texture, acidic in reaction (pH 5.6), medium in organic carbon (0.65%), low in available N (226.63 kg/ha), available P2O5 (21.18 kg/ha) and available K2O (127.71 kg/ha). The bulk density, field capacity, permanent wilting point and water holding capacity of the soil were 1.38 g/cc, 26.60%, 10.25% and 41.28%, respectively. Results revealed that irrigations at IW:CPE=1.60 followed by IW:CPE=1.40 resulted in higher growth in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and branches per plant as well as yield attributes like number and weight of siliquae per plant and number of seeds per siliqua. The effect of these was reflected in higher yield of seed, stover and oil yield under the same irrigation regimes. The maximum values of N, P and K uptake, weed biomass, microbial population, evapotranspiration and total water use were also observed under these treatments. The higher gross and net returns with higher B:C ratio were found under the irrigation regime IW:CPE=1.60. Pooled over two years also showed similar trend on seed yield of Indian mustard. In regards to nutrient management practices, application of 50% RDF (N) + 50% N through FYM + Bio-fertilizers followed by RDF + FYM @ 5t/ha brought about higher values in growth parameters, yield attributes, yield of seed and stover and oil yield and uptake of N, P and K by both seed and stover over rest of the treatments. Pooled data of two years on seed yield of mustard also showed similar trend. The evapotranspiration and total water use and water use efficiency of the crop were also higher under these treatments. However, comparatively higher gross and net returns and B:C ratio associated with the treatment 50% RDF (N) + 50% N through FYM + Bio-fertilizers. In case of direct seeded autumn rice, application of irrigations at IW:CPE=1.60 and IW:CPE=1.40 resulted in statistically similar values in most of the cases of growth parameters viz., plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate as well as yield attributing characters like number and weight of panicles/m2 and grains per panicle and were higher over lower irrigation regime and rainfed. These led to produce higher yields of grain and straw and thereby resulted in higher uptake of N, P and K by the crop under the said treatments. The favourable influence of the irrigation regime IW:CPE=1.60 was observed on weed biomass, microbial population, evapotranspiration and total water use by the crop in which it recorded higher values over rest of the treatments. Though the cost of cultivation was considerably more with IW:CPE=1.60, it produced higher gross and net returns with higher B:C ratio. Application of 50% RDF (N) + 50% N through FYM + Bio-fertilizers followed by RDF + FYM @ 5t/ha resulted in higher growth parameters, yield attributing characters, grain and straw yields, uptake of N, P and K by the crop and evapotranspiration, total water use and water use efficiency over rest of the treatments. Pooled over two years data also showed at par effect on grain yield of rice due to these treatments. The highest gross and net returns and B: C ratio were observed under 50% RDF (N) + 50% N through FYM + Bio-fertilizers. In regards to Indian mustard-direct seeded autumn rice cropping system, the irrigation regime IW:CPE ratio 1.60 or IW:CPE ratio 1.40 along with the application of 50% RDF (N) + 50% N through FYM + Bio-fertilizers or RDF + FYM @ 5 t/ha found to produce higher rice equivalent yield of the crops as well as gross and net returns and B: C ratio over other practices.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT (INM) IN RICE-SESAME-PEA CROPPING SYSTEM(AAU, Jorhat, 2019-07) Bokado, Kangujam; Bora, P. C.A field experiment was conducted in Instructional cum Research Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat for two years i.e, 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth, yield and quality of rice-sesame-pea cropping system and also to find out the requirement of sulphur in sesame and pea. The treatment consisted of four levels of INM viz., F1: 100% N from inorganic, F2: 25% N from FYM + 75 % N from inorganic, F3: 50% N from FYM + 50 % N from inorganic and F4: 75% N from FYM + 25 % N from inorganic for rice. For sesame and pea, the treatment consisted of four levels of INM (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and four sulphur levels which include S0: 0 kg ha-1, S1: 10 kg ha-1, S2: 20 kg ha-1 and S3: 30 kg ha-1. The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations replicated thrice in a split-plot design. The initial soil status of the experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction, medium in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, low in available phosphorus, medium in available potassium and low in available sulphur. Growth and yield components of rice were influenced by INM. Plant height, number of tillers per running metre, plant dry weight (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), number of effective tillers m-2 , panicle length (cm), number of grains panicle-1, test weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1), straw yield (t ha-1), harvest index (%) and benefit-cost ratio, protein content (%), carbohydrate content (%) in grain, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was observed to be maximum at 100% N from inorganic. INM and sulphur levels influenced growth and yield components of sesame significantly. Plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant dry weight (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), number of capsules plant-1, number of seeds capsule-1, grain yield (t ha-1), stover yield (t ha-1), harvest index (%), protein content (%), oil content (%) in grain, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was observed to be maximum at 75% N from FYM + 25% N from inorganic + 30 kg S ha-1. The effect of INM and sulphur on growth and yield components of succeeding pea was significantly influenced by nitrogen levels and sulphur levels. Plant height, number of branches plant-1, plant dry weight (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, pod yield (t ha-1), stover yield (t ha-1), harvest index (%), protein content (%), oil content (%) in seed, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur uptake was observed to be maximum at 75% N from FYM + 25% N from inorganic+ 30 kg S ha-1.ThesisItem Open Access CROP INTENSIFICATION IN RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEM IN ASSAM(AAU, Jorhat, 2017-07) Deka, Anju Mala; Bora, P.C.A field experiment entitled “Crop intensification in rice-based cropping system in Assam” was conducted at the Shillongani farm of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nagaon, Assam during kharif, rabi and summer seasons in the year 2014-15 and 2015-16 to study the effect of dates of rice transplanting under different methods of cultivation on productivity of Sali rice and their effect on rice-relay system in rabi and thereafter on fodder maize + green gram intercropping system during summer. The treatments of the experiment comprised three dates of rice transplanting viz. 20 June, 5 July and 20 July, and two methods of rice cultivation viz. conventional method and SRI method with four relay crops viz. lentil, pea, toria and niger. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design for the treatments in rice during kharif season and a split plot design for treatments of relay crops in rabi season assigning dates of planting and method of cultivation in the main plots and relay crops in sub plots with three replications. During summer, fodder maize and green gram in 1:1 row ratio was grown as intercrop in each plot. The soil of the experimental field was medium low land, moderately well drained, sandy loam in texture having organic ‘C’ content of 0.82%, acidic in reaction (pH 5.61), medium in available N (296 kg/ha) and K2O (195 kg/ha), and low in available P2O5 (21 kg/ha). Bulk density of 0-15 cm soil layer was 1.33 g/cc and that of 15-30 cm layer was 1.36 g/cc while the particle density of the layers was 2.06 and 2.08g/cc, in the respective layers. Total porosity was 35.44 % and 34.61% in the respective soil layers. All the crops were fed with recommended doses of fertilizers. The results revealed that among the different dates of rice transplanting, 20th June transplanted crop recorded significantly higher plant height, number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grains /panicles and grain yield of rice as compared to the later dates of transplanting and it was followed by 5 July transplanted rice. Rice transplanted on 20th June recorded higher values in respect of growth, yield attributes, yield of relay as well as summer intercrops, REY of rice-relay, intercropping and whole system; production efficiency of the whole system; N, P and K uptake by rice, relay and intercrops as well as soil fungal and bacterial populations after harvest of rice, relay and intercrops. However, the soil available N, P2O5 and K2O content at the end of two year-crop cycle in 5th and 20th July transplanted rice were significantly higher than that of 20th June transplanted crop. SRI method of rice cultivation recorded significantly higher values in respect of plant height, LAI, CGR, RGR, root: shoot ratio, panicles/m2, panicle length and weight, filled grains/panicle and 1000-seed weight, grain yield and harvest index of rice as compared to conventional method. In relay cropping, higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, seed yield, REY and harvest index of lentil and niger relay crops were found under SRI method of rice cultivation as compared to conventional method, while, in case of pea and toria relay crops, these were found to be slightly higher under conventional method of rice cultivation. In summer, SRI method of rice cultivation recorded higher values of all the growth and yield attributes, land equivalent ratio and relative crowding co-efficient of fodder maize and greengram in intercropping system. Further, under SRI method, higher uptake of N, P and K by rice, relay and intercrops and higher soil fungal and bacterial populations after harvest of rice, relay and summer intercrops as well as REY and production efficiency of the whole cropping system were observed as compared to conventional method. However, conventional method of rice cultivation recorded significantly higher values of soil available N, P2O5 and K2O content at the end of two year-crop cycle over that of SRI method. Among the relay crops, pea and lentil relay recorded higher yield as compared to toria and niger. However, rice-lentil and rice-pea system were found most promising in respect of REY and economics of rice- relay system compared to rice-toria and rice-niger system. In fodder maize and greengram intercropping system during summer, relay crops had significant effect on growth and yield attributes of fodder maize and greengram. Significantly higher values of plant height and green fodder yield of maize as well as competition index and competition ratio of intercropping system were recorded when summer intercrops were grown after rice-lentil and rice-pea relay crops as compared to rice-toria and rice-niger relay. However, significantly higher values in respect of number of pods/plant, seed yield and stover yield of greengram, higher land equivalent ratio and higher relative crowding co-efficient of intercropping system were found after rice-toria and rice-niger relay crops as compared to that of rice-lentil and rice-pea relay. Significantly higher values of REY and production efficiency of whole cropping sequence, and higher soil moisture content at 60 and 90 days after sowing of relay crops were found in rice-pea and rice-lentil system as compared to rice-toria and rice-niger. The soil fungal and bacterial populations after harvest of relay and summer intercrops were found more after lentil and pea relay crops as compared to toria and niger relay crops. However, lower values of residual available soil N, P2O5 and K2O content at the end of two year-crop cycle were found under the system involving pea and lentil relay crop as compared to toria and niger relay. Rice transplanted on 20th June under SRI method relayed by lentil and followed by summer intercrops of fodder maize and greengram recorded the highest REY, production efficiency and benefit: cost ratio of whole system in both the years. Rice transplanted on 20th June under SRI method relayed by pea and followed by summer intercrops of fodder maize and greengram was more efficient in utilizing the soil available N, P2O5 and K2O resulting in the highest N, P and K uptake and thereby the lowest available soil N, P2O5 and K2O was recorded under this system.
