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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF PLANTING GEOMETRY AND FERTIGATION LEVELS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHILLI.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola, Maharashtra, 2019-12-16) NANDESHWAR, VIKKI NARENDRA.; Bharad, Dr. S. G.The present study entitled “Effect of planting geometry and fertigation levels on growth, yield and quality of chilli” was carried at University Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, during the year 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combination and each treatment was replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of three planting geometry (S) viz., S1 (90 cm x 90 cm), S2 (90 cm x 60 cm) and S3 (90 cm x 45 cm) and three fertigation levels (F) viz., F1 (RDF @ 150:50:50 NPK kg ha-1 through soil application), F2 (100% RDF through fertigation) and F3 (80% RDF through fertigation). An observation recorded in respect of plant growth, yield and yield attributing, biochemical parameters, available soil nutrient status, uptake of nutrients, fertilizer use efficiency, pests and disease incidence and economics of the treatments. Amongst the different planting geometry, the treatment S3 (90 cm × 45 cm) was found to be the best treatment in respect to maximum increased the growth parameters viz., plant height, stem diameter, plant spread and leaf area. Similarly, the same treatment was found best in respect of yield and yield contributing and quality parameters viz., fruit length, diameter of fruit, number of fruits per plant, average fresh weight of fruit per plant (g), green and dry fruits yield per plant (kg), yield (q ha-1), ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and crude protein contents. The fertigation level F3 (80% RDF through fertigation) was found to be the best treatment in respect to maximum increased the growth parameters viz., plant height, stem diameter, plant spread and leaf area. The yield and yield contributing characters viz., fruit length, diameter of fruit, number of fruits per plant, average fresh weight of fruit per plant (g), green and dry fruits yield per plant (kg) and yield (q ha-1) was achieved maximum by the application of 80% RDF through fertigation. Similarly, the quality parameters viz., ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and crude protein content were also found maximum in same treatment. Interaction effect of planting geometry and fertigation levels, the treatment combination S3F3 (90 cm × 45 cm + 80% RDF through fertigation) was found superior for obtaining maximum yield and better quality of chilli with higher net monetary returns and benefit cost ratio. The highest uptake of nutrients viz., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and maximum fertilizer use efficiency was recorded at spacing 90 cm × 45 cm along with the application of 80% RDF through fertigation (S3F3). The interaction effect between planting geometry and fertigation levels i.e., S3 F3 (90 cm × 45 cm + 80% RDF through fertigation) was found superior for obtaining maximum growth, yield and better quality of chilli with higher net monetary returns and benefit cost ratio.ThesisItem Open Access STORAGE STUDIES OF ANNONA SPECIES PULP.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-10-07) SHRIVASTAVA, AKANKSHA.; BHARAD, Dr. S. G.The present investigation entitled as “Storage studies of Annona species pulp” conducted during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Department of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola with the objectives of assessing the physico-chemical variations occurred in the Annona species pulp during storage alongside the variations in the sensory and physico-chemical profile of the value-added product, i.e. squash due to the stored pulp which used for the monthly preparation. Further, to ascertain the optimum period of storage up to which the quality pulp can be maintained, hence, the pulp of Annona species specifically from second-grade fruits stored under -200C temperature and the experiment laid as Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors viz. species (S1- Annona squamosa L., S2- Annona atemoya) and storage duration for pulp (P0- Initial month to P8- Eighth months). The storage of Annona species pulp in the frozen form given positive results in terms of maintaining the quality of pulp with minimum losses concerning to physico-chemical and sensory characteristics. The Annona atemoya species responded comparatively better to the storage conditions than Annona squamosa L. species. The storage of the pulp at -200C temperature, retained the biochemical properties viz. sugars (total, reducing and non-reducing sugars), pH and titratable acidity in both species as evident from the non-significant variations due to interaction effect. While, the TSS, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content varied significantly; however, as the storage progressed, the variation rate reduced, leading to minimize losses in the quality. The microbial population also reduced significantly in comparison to fresh pulp and maintained within permissible limits. Similarly, the squash samples showed stability concerning to TSS, non-reducing sugars, pH and titratable acidity and diminishing variation rate for the remaining parameters as the storage period for the pulp progressed. The squash samples acquired sensorial acceptable till the end of storage. Among both species, Annona atemoya species responded better to storage under -200C, due to comparatively lower variation rate of biochemical parameters and equitably comparable sensorial scores. Furthermore, its quality pulp could be maintained up to 211 days as compared to 163 days in Annona squamosa L. Inclusive of all the aspects of acceptability and economic feasibility, the frozen pulp of both species can be stored for a longer duration, i.e. ten months for Annona atemoya and eight months in Annona squamosa L. and can be a boon for helping the farming community in getting reasonable prices for their second-grade produce also.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ANALYSIS OF F1 HYBRIDS IN BRINJAL (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.).(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-20) KHOBRAGADE, RATIRAM ISHWAR.; Nagre, Dr. P. K.The investigation entitled “Genetic analysis of F1 hybrids in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)” was undertaken at Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. Eleven genotypes (Aruna, Bhandara local, Wadsa local, Bhatai local, Manjarigota, Chandur local, Ruchira, Krishna Kathi, White Round, DBSR-52, White Brinjal) were crossed in line x tester mating design during kharif 2013. All parents and resultant crosses with standard check Phule Arjun (F1) were evaluated during Kharif and summer season of 2014-15 in Randamised Block Design with three replications. The observations were recorded on various growth,flowering,yield and quality aspects. The parents, Bhatai local, Aruna, Ruchira, White Brinjal, Wadsa local and Chandur local, while the crosses, Aruna x Ruchira, Bhatai local x Ruchira , Aruna x Chandur local, Wadsa local x Ruchira, Bhatai local x DBSR-52, Aruna x DBSR-52, Wadsa local x Chandur local and Wadsa local x DBSR-52 were found as best parents and hybrids respectively as evident from per se performance. The analysis of variance for treatments was highly significant for all the characters over both the seasons. The variance due to parents, females, males, female x male were significant for most of the characters. Whereas the variance due to interaction of parents x season, crosses x season and (parents Vs crosses) x season were also significant for most of the characters. The analysis for combining ability revealed the significant differences due to females, males, female x males, crosses, seasons, crosses x seasons, female x seasons, male x seasons and (females Vs males) x seasons, for most of the characters. The crosses, Wadsa local x Ruchira, Wadsa local x Chandur, Wadsa local x DBSR-52, Bhatai local x DBSR-52, Aruna x DBSR-52, Bhatai local x Ruchira, Aruna x Chandur local and Aruna x Ruchira were identified as potential crosses on the basis of average heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis; which manifested heterotic effects for growth, earliness and quality traits. Among female parents, Bhatai local, Wadsa local, Aruna and among male parents, DBSR-52, Ruchira, Chandur local were identified as good combiner for growth, flowering(earliness), higher yield and quality characters. Six crosses viz., Bhandara local x Manjari Gota, Wadsa local x Chandur local, Wadsa local x White brinjal, Wadsa local x Ruchira, Aruna x Chandur local and Bhatai local x Ruchira exhibited significant sca effects for yield per plant and yield per hectare. The crosses viz., Wadsa local x Ruchira, Wadsa local x Chandur local, Bhatai local x Ruchira and Aruna x Chandur local were identified as promising hybrids on the basis of better per se performance, high standard heterosis in desirable direction, significant sca effects and both the parents involved in these crosses had good combining ability effects for yield per plant and most of the characters studied. Additive gene action was found to be predominant for all the characters in pooled mean, except plant spread where non-additive gene action was predominant. Analysis of genetic components of variation revealed that the importance of additive gene action operating in inheritance of yield and its important components. The information on nature and magnitude of genetic makeup of yield and its components thus obtained could be useful to the brinjal breeder in formulating an efficient breeding programme to achieve desired genetic improvement in this important vegetable crop.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of rabi sorghum genotypes to moisture stress under late sown rainfed condition.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-09-13) BOBADE, PRATIK NAGESH.; BOBADE, PRATIK NAGESH.; Amarshettiwar, Dr. S. B.; Amarshettiwar, Dr. S. B.The present investigation on “Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of rabi sorghum genotypes to moisture stress under late sown rainfed condition” was carried out during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17, at Sorghum Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. To estimate the morpho-physiological, growth and biochemical parameters associated with moisture stress tolerant under late sown rainfed condition and finding association among these all parameters for stress tolerant through correlation with yield for further study. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice with thirteen genotypes (treatments) viz., M 35-1 (c), Phule Anuradha (c), Ringni (c), CSV-22R, CSV-26R, CSV-29R, Parbhani Moti, PKV-Kranti, Phule Maulee, Elongvan-19, Elongvan-42, Elongvan-227, Elongvan-277. Sowing was done under late condition by dibbling method on 21st November 2015 and 2016. Gap filling was done and plant protection measures were applied when necessary. Periodic observations were recorded on morpho-physiological parameters viz., leaf area plant-1, total dry matter, RWC, CTD, CCI and stomatal frequency at 30, 60 and 90 DAS with plant height at 30, 60, 90 DAS and harvest. Different growth parameters viz., RGR, CGR and AGR at 30-60 and 60-90 DAS while, LAI, SLW and number of green leaves plant-1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAS whereas, biochemical parameters like leaf proline content, CSI and nitrogen content in leaves were recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, nitrogen, protein and micronutrients content in seed were estimated after harvest and periodic soil moisture content was noted in thirty days interval upto harvesting. Observations on yield and yield contributing parameters were also recorded per replication and genotype (treatment) wise at harvest. Morpho-physiological, growth and biochemical parameters were correlated with grain yield. In the present investigation results revealed that genotype CSV-29R recorded significantly maximum leaf area plant-1 (21.85 dm-2), TDM plant-1 (108.75 g), RWC (65.85%), CTD (1.35oC) and CCI (39.20) at 90 DAS and abaxial (156.50 mm-2), adaxial stomatal frequency (132.0 mm-2) at 50 % flowering stage. Whereas, plant height-1 an maximum under CSV-26R (212.29 cm) at harvest, Among the genotypes, CSV-29R exhibited more RGR (0.34 g g-1 day-1), CGR (34.114 g m-1day-1), AGR (2.303 g day-1) at 60-90 DAS, LAI (3.34), SLW (1.23 g dm-2) and number of green leaves plant-1 (9.83) at 90 DAS than other genotypes and best check M 35-1. While, genotypes E-19, Phule Maulee, E-227, E-277 and PKV-Kranti also performed better for various morpho physiological and growth parameters. In biochemical analysis, the genotypes CSV-29R and E-19 at 90 DAS rewarded significantly higher proline content (4.38 and 23.40 µ mole g-1 FW), CSI (0.47 and 0.43%) and leaf nitrogen content (2.47 and 2.42%) respectively. Nitrogen content in seed (2.25 and 2.31 %), protein content in seed (14.06 and 13.05 %) and micro nutrients like, Zinc (17.20 and 15.93 mg kg-1) recorded maximum in the genotypes CSV-29R and E-19 respectively, while other seed micro nutrients i.e., Mn (5.68 and 5.45mg kg-1), Fe (46.43 and 44.25 mg kg-1) and Copper (1.80 and 1.65 mg kg-1) recorded significantly highest in genotypes E-19 and CSV-29R respectively, than other genotypes and checks at harvest. Phule Anuradha (check) and CSV-29R were found earlier in physiological maturity. In relation with yield and yield attributes, genotype CSV-29R and E-19 noted significantly highest panicle length (18.17 and 16.63 cm), panicle diameter (7.33 and 7.20 cm), earhead exertion (74.7 and 70.5 %), number of grains panicle-1 (1544 and 1478), grain weight plant-1 (22.95 and 20.67 g), test weight (32.62 and 30.62 g), grain yield (2393 and 2090 kg ha-1), biological yield (6308 and 5844 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.96 and 35.76 %) respectively, than other genotypes and best check M 35-1. Among the three checks, M 35-1 recorded best in performance on the basis of all traits under study than other check genotypes viz. Phule Anuradha and Ringni in moisture stress under late sown rainfed condition. Current study was also erudite for the optimization of appropriate concentration of PEG for screening the genetic resource of rabi sorghum for further detailed studies. Various osmotic stress levels had substantial effects on germination and early vegetative growth traits of rabi sorghum genotypes. At highest concentration (-0.066 MPa) of osmotic (PEG) stress condition, genotypes M-35-1, E-277 and E-227 showed positive result for shoot length, root length and seedling dry weight. Germination per cent, seedling vigour, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight and stress tolerance index also decreases with increase in osmotic stress. Considering the correlation coefficient on grain yield found positive and significant correlation with all morpho physiological, growth and biochemical parameters except plant height plant-1. While, yield has negative significant correlation with days to 50 % flowering and physiological maturity. Traits under study viz., may be used in the breeding programme for the development of moisture stress tolerant genotypes under late sown rainfed condition for changing climatic scenario.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of rabi sorghum genotypes to moisture stress under late sown rainfed condition.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-09-13) BOBADE, PRATIK NAGESH.; Amarshettiwar, Dr. S. B.The present investigation on “Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of rabi sorghum genotypes to moisture stress under late sown rainfed condition” was carried out during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17, at Sorghum Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. To estimate the morpho-physiological, growth and biochemical parameters associated with moisture stress tolerant under late sown rainfed condition and finding association among these all parameters for stress tolerant through correlation with yield for further study. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice with thirteen genotypes (treatments) viz., M 35-1 (c), Phule Anuradha (c), Ringni (c), CSV-22R, CSV-26R, CSV-29R, Parbhani Moti, PKV-Kranti, Phule Maulee, Elongvan-19, Elongvan-42, Elongvan-227, Elongvan-277. Sowing was done under late condition by dibbling method on 21st November 2015 and 2016. Gap filling was done and plant protection measures were applied when necessary. Periodic observations were recorded on morpho-physiological parameters viz., leaf area plant-1, total dry matter, RWC, CTD, CCI and stomatal frequency at 30, 60 and 90 DAS with plant height at 30, 60, 90 DAS and harvest. Different growth parameters viz., RGR, CGR and AGR at 30-60 and 60-90 DAS while, LAI, SLW and number of green leaves plant-1 at 30, 60 and 90 DAS whereas, biochemical parameters like leaf proline content, CSI and nitrogen content in leaves were recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, nitrogen, protein and micronutrients content in seed were estimated after harvest and periodic soil moisture content was noted in thirty days interval upto harvesting. Observations on yield and yield contributing parameters were also recorded per replication and genotype (treatment) wise at harvest. Morpho-physiological, growth and biochemical parameters were correlated with grain yield. In the present investigation results revealed that genotype CSV-29R recorded significantly maximum leaf area plant-1 (21.85 dm-2), TDM plant-1 (108.75 g), RWC (65.85%), CTD (1.35oC) and CCI (39.20) at 90 DAS and abaxial (156.50 mm-2), adaxial stomatal frequency (132.0 mm-2) at 50 % flowering stage. Whereas, plant height-1 an maximum under CSV-26R (212.29 cm) at harvest, Among the genotypes, CSV-29R exhibited more RGR (0.34 g g-1 day-1), CGR (34.114 g m-1day-1), AGR (2.303 g day-1) at 60-90 DAS, LAI (3.34), SLW (1.23 g dm-2) and number of green leaves plant-1 (9.83) at 90 DAS than other genotypes and best check M 35-1. While, genotypes E-19, Phule Maulee, E-227, E-277 and PKV-Kranti also performed better for various morpho physiological and growth parameters. In biochemical analysis, the genotypes CSV-29R and E-19 at 90 DAS rewarded significantly higher proline content (4.38 and 23.40 µ mole g-1 FW), CSI (0.47 and 0.43%) and leaf nitrogen content (2.47 and 2.42%) respectively. Nitrogen content in seed (2.25 and 2.31 %), protein content in seed (14.06 and 13.05 %) and micro nutrients like, Zinc (17.20 and 15.93 mg kg-1) recorded maximum in the genotypes CSV-29R and E-19 respectively, while other seed micro nutrients i.e., Mn (5.68 and 5.45mg kg-1), Fe (46.43 and 44.25 mg kg-1) and Copper (1.80 and 1.65 mg kg-1) recorded significantly highest in genotypes E-19 and CSV-29R respectively, than other genotypes and checks at harvest. Phule Anuradha (check) and CSV-29R were found earlier in physiological maturity. In relation with yield and yield attributes, genotype CSV-29R and E-19 noted significantly highest panicle length (18.17 and 16.63 cm), panicle diameter (7.33 and 7.20 cm), earhead exertion (74.7 and 70.5 %), number of grains panicle-1 (1544 and 1478), grain weight plant-1 (22.95 and 20.67 g), test weight (32.62 and 30.62 g), grain yield (2393 and 2090 kg ha-1), biological yield (6308 and 5844 kg ha-1) and harvest index (37.96 and 35.76 %) respectively, than other genotypes and best check M 35-1. Among the three checks, M 35-1 recorded best in performance on the basis of all traits under study than other check genotypes viz. Phule Anuradha and Ringni in moisture stress under late sown rainfed condition. Current study was also erudite for the optimization of appropriate concentration of PEG for screening the genetic resource of rabi sorghum for further detailed studies. Various osmotic stress levels had substantial effects on germination and early vegetative growth traits of rabi sorghum genotypes. At highest concentration (-0.066 MPa) of osmotic (PEG) stress condition, genotypes M-35-1, E-277 and E-227 showed positive result for shoot length, root length and seedling dry weight. Germination per cent, seedling vigour, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight and stress tolerance index also decreases with increase in osmotic stress. Considering the correlation coefficient on grain yield found positive and significant correlation with all morpho physiological, growth and biochemical parameters except plant height plant-1. While, yield has negative significant correlation with days to 50 % flowering and physiological maturity. Traits under study viz., may be used in the breeding programme for the development of moisture stress tolerant genotypes under late sown rainfed condition for changing climatic scenario.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF AMERICAN COTTON GENOTYPES FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND OIL PARAMETERS.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-09-11) YADAV, YOGITA MANOHAR.; Rathod, Dr. T. H.An experiment was conducted on “Evaluation of American cotton Genotypes for morpho-physiological and Oil parameters”, at the experimental field of Cotton Research Unit, Dr. PDKV Akola, during Kharif season of 2016-17 and 2017-18.The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and twenty seven treatments. The objectives of the experimental trial were: 1) to study the morpho-physiological and yield attributes of American cotton genotypes. 2) To study the oil parameters of American cotton genotypes. The observations were recorded on various morphological parameters viz., plant height (cm), leaf area (dm2), Total dry matter (g), physiological observations like Leaf area index, relative water content(%), Specific leaf weight (g/dm2), relative growth rate (RGR) (g/g/day), Total chlorophyll content (mg/g) and Absolute growth rate (AGR) (g/day) were recorded at 60, 90, 120 DAS and at harvest. Whereas, yield and oil parameters were also recorded per replication and treatment wise. American cotton (G. hirsutum) AKH-1303 followed by AKH-2013-2 and AKH-2013-1 recorded maximum seed cotton yield. Genotype AKH-1303 recorded more plant height (122.60 cm), leaf area (46.22 dm2), total dry matter (77.21 g), leaf area index (2.07), specific leaf weight (0.88g/dm2) over the other genotypes whereas, AKH-1301 recorded significantly more number of leaves (49.30) ) and more total chlorophyll content (1.39 mg/g) over the other genotypes. The check PKV-Rajat recorded more relative water content. With respect to yield and yield attributes, genotype, AKH-8660 took minimum days to square initiation (43.20 days) and IC-359088 (47.42 days) recorded maximum days to square initiation. AKH-31 (55 days) recorded minimum number of days to 50 % flowering over other genotypes. The minimum number of days to 50 % boll bursting was found in genotype AKH-2012-9 (109.83 days). Genotype AKH-1303 recorded significantly highest number of sympodial branches (15.73), higher number of bolls (16.47), maximum seed cotton yield (62.89 g/plant), lint yield (22.12 g/plant), seed index (10.35 g). The check AKH-8828 (41.31%) recorded best ginning percent and AKH-2012-9 recorded significantly highest boll wt. (3.12 g). Genotype AKH-081 (check) recorded maximum oil content (21.60%), while AKH-8660 showed minimum oil content (12.6%). Genotype AKH-976 recorded maximum erucic (0.84%), and linoleic acid (52.64%). Significantly highest arachidic (0.42%) and stearic acid (3.96%) were observed in genotype check variety PKV-Rajat. Significantly maximum myristic (0.90%) and palmitoleic acid (0.58%) were registered in genotype AK-32.Genotype GV-22 recorded highest palmitic acid (23.96%).Highest oleic acid (22.69%) and linolenic acid (0.31%) were recorded in AKH-8828 and AKH-1302 respectively. Analysis of variance for pooled data indicated that there were significant differences among the twenty seven genotypes. The values of PCV (Phenotypic coefficient of variation) were higher than GCV (Genotypic coefficient of variation) indicating the importance of environment on the expression of these characters. The seed cotton yield, oil and oil quality parameters showed high heritability along with high genetic advance which would be rewarding for improvement in these characters through selection. The seed cotton yield per plant exhibited positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation with plant height, leaf area , total dry matter, number of days to square initiation, number of monopodia, number of sympodia, number of bolls, boll weight and lint yield. The results indicated that these characters are more related genetically.ThesisItem Open Access Title: DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMASS BASED HEATING SYSTEM FOR THERMAL APPLICATION.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-11-15) Authors: KHAMBALKAR, VIVEKKUMAR PRAKASH.; Authors: KHAMBALKAR, VIVEKKUMAR PRAKASH.; Advisor: Kalbande, Dr. S. R.; Advisor: Kalbande, Dr. S. R.Abstract: The biomass-based air heating system was designed and developed for thermal application in value addition of agricultural produce. The system was design and developed for the thermal application in drying of grain. The system thermal application capacity, furnace capacity was determined for maximum utilization of energy in the process of drying. The quantity of air for the complete combustion of fuel required in thermal application was computed. The total heat load of the system was determined with the air required for the removal of moisture in drying of green gram. The quantification of heat losses of biomass furnace was worked out to examine the energy conservation in the combustion process. The heat losses in the furnace for the other than heating and soaking area was tapped and observed as 34.72 per cent. The furnace efficiency for indirect method was observed to be 44.87% and for direct method it was 36.74%. Based on pre-heating arrangement of feed air to heat exchanger, the fuel saving was estimated and it was found to be 24.08%. The net heat required for the thermal application of the system was computed to be 8465 kcal. The quantity of air required for drying of green gram was estimated to be 2.57kg/min. The air requirement per m2 to the total surface area of drying chamber was computed to be 0.30m3/min/m2. Based on the net fuel required volume (80 kg) of soybean briquette, for volume of 0.095m3, the furnace height was found to be 150 mm at 500 mm diameter. In design of parallel flow heat exchanger, the heat duty of the system for the fully load (16946 W/h), the LMTD of the system was found to be 74.590C. The net heat transfer area of the heat exchanger was found to be 9.87 m2. The number of tubes for the net heat transfer area (9.87 m2) was computed to be 16 with the tube diameter of 30 mm. The heat transfer coefficient was calculated to be 46.40 W/m2oK.The system was developed as per the design specification in respect of each component. The biomass-based air heating system consisted of biomass combustor equipped with pre-heating arrangement and smoke tapping unit, air distribution system and rotary tray drying bin. The power transmission system was designed and developed for rotating tray arrangement for the live and static load during the operation. The thermal energy performance of the system was worked out during the experimentation for drying of green gram. In investigation, the heat supplied by the combustor in various treatments for the set air flow rate, temperature and fuel feed rate is estimated. The heat gain by air, heat supplied to the drying bin, net heat utilized in the various treatments was estimated. The loss of heat from the combustor, in air distribution system and total system heat loss was computed in the experimentation for drying application. It was observed that maximum heat is utilized in the treatment combination of R28T65 and was 722334 KJ. The total system heat loss was found minimum in treatment combination of R14T55 and was 178217 KJ. The component wise heat loss was estimated during the operation for the treatments. The heat loss from the combustor was found to be 21833 KJ. The heat loss from the air distribution system and the dryer surface area was found to be 724 KJ and 11.83 KJ respectively. The overall energy balance for the drying is estimated during the study. The drying characteristics of green gram drying in the experiment for various treatment combination was evaluated. The performance parameters of the drying in terms of drying rate, moisture ratio, drying time was evaluated in the investigation. The effect of air flow rate and temperature on drying rate, moisture ratio, drying time was also evaluated during the experimentation. The drying rate 61.90 % is found low in treatment R14T65 over open sun drying with lowest drying time of 08 h. The moisture ratio (0.34) was found maximum in treatment R14T65. The temperature profile of the dryer bin showed that operational temperature set in the process was maintained in the dryer bin during the drying operation. The tray-wise drying rate was found uniform across all eight trays. The tray wise moisture ratio was also observed uniform across all the eight trays during drying. The thin layer drying analysis was carried out for the best suited drying model for the drying of green gram. The two-term thin layer model was best suited for the moisture ratio in many treatments for drying of green gram. The average drying efficiency was observed to be 54.11 % and highest was in treatment R28T45. The average efficiency of combustor was observed to be 56.19 % and highest was in treatment R14T65. The overall average system efficiency was found to be 30.66% and highest was observed to be 41.53% in treatment R14T65.The system and operational parameters were optimized and the operational evaluation of biomass air heating system for the thermal application was also studied on the basis of different response parameters such as drying rate, moisture ratio, combustion efficiency and drying efficiency. Similarly, system and thermal parameters were optimized and the thermal evaluation of biomass air heating system for the thermal application was also studied on the basis of different response parameters such as heat gain by air, heat supplied to bin, total system heat loss and net heat utilized. The optimized input parameter for drying rate, moisture ratio, combustor efficiency and drying efficiency were found for air flow rate of 41.77 kg/h, temperature of 650C, and fuel feed rate of 7.5 kg/h. The maximum drying rate, moisture ratio, combustor efficiency and drying efficiency was found to be 0.008, 0.339,54.41% and 59.25 %, respectively. The desirability of optimized solution was found 0.889 among the 38-solution provided in the optimization process. The optimized input parameter for heat gain by air, heat supplied to bin, total system heat loss and net heat utilized were found for air flow rate of 43 kg/h, temperature of 450C, and fuel feed rate of 4 kg/h. The heat gain by air, heat supplied to bin, total system heat loss and net heat utilized was found to be 236kWht, 226.13kWht, 54.55kWht and 176.64kWht, respectively. The desirability of optimized solution was found 0.857 among the 10 solutions provided in the optimization process. The techno-economic evaluation of the system developed was worked out for the cost of operation of drying for the temperature (OC) of 45, 55 and 65. The cost of operation (Rs/kg) for the temperature (OC) of 45, 55 and 65 were observed to be 8.6, 6.1 and 6.09, respectively for drying of green gram. The net profit (Rs/kg) for the temperature (OC) of 45, 55 and 65 were observed to be 3.15, 5.65 and 5.66, respectively for drying of green gram. The economical feasibility of the system for drying of green gram was worked out using the discounted cash flow technique. The net present worth was found positive for the temperature (OC) of 45, 55 and 65 and therefore investment in the project is feasible. The benefit cost ratio was found for the temperature (OC) of 45, 55 and 65 is 1.30, 1.83 and 1.83, respectively. The internal rate of return (%) was found for the temperature (OC) of 45, 55 and 65 as 19.80, 35.20 and 35.70, respectively. The all economical parameters evaluated showed that investment in project of biomass air heating system is feasible in perspective of business utility.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORING RESILIENCE OF RAINFED COTTON TO WEATHER VARIABILITY THROUGH HIGH PLANT DENSITY AND FERTILIZER REGIME: FIELD AND SIMULATION STUDY(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2018-12-17) GANVIR, MAHIPAL MAROTI.; Karunakar, Dr. A.P.A field experiment entitled “Exploring resilience of rainfed cotton to weather variability through high plant density and fertilizer regime: Field and simulation study” was conducted during kharif season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA), Dr. PDKV, Akola. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications keeping six combinations of two weather variability viz., monsoon sowing and late sowing , with three plant densities i.e. 60 x 15 cm (1,11,111 plants ha-1), 60 x 10 cm (1,66,666 plants ha-1) and 45 x 10 cm (2,22,222 plants ha-1) under main plot and three fertilizer regimes viz., 100% RDF (60:30:30), 150% (90:45:45) and 200% (120:60:60) NPK kg ha-1 under sub plot. Cotton crop under monsoon sowing exhibited better growth and development with better canopy radiation interception and yielded higher seed cotton encountering comparatively better rainfall and thermal regime across the growing period with prevalently high canopy temperature depression and accrual of higher thermal units with high photo-thermal use efficiency. Population density of 60 x 15 cm (1,11,111 plants ha-1) produced higher growth and yield attributes of individual plant compared to population density of 60 x 10 cm (1,66,666 pl/ha) and 45 x10 cm (2,22,222 plants ha-1). However, higher planting density of 45 x 10 cm (2,22,222 plants ha-1) produced maximum seed cotton yield per hectare as increased number of plants compensated for fewer yield attributes plant-1 and cumulatively yield output was higher.Application of higher fertilizer regime 120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 exhibited increased growth and yield attributes and; produced higher seed cotton yield availing higher thermal units with high photo-thermal use efficiency. Late sowing, higher plant density and lower fertilizer regime prompted earliness in phenological events and total crop duration. Crop under monsoon sowing, higher plant density and higher fertilizer regime recorded higher uptake of N, P and K in cotton seed, stalk of cotton and total uptake. Fibre length and micronaire value was more with monsoon sowing and higher fertilizer regime. Monsoon sowing and normal plant density showed higher seed index.By and large, rainfall, minimum temperature and humidity positively influenced the seed cotton yield whereas higher day time (maximum) temperature and diurnal temperature showed negative impact on seed cotton yield.CROPGRO-Cotton model simulation performance in respect of phenological phases was found to be reliable. The model predicted the seed yield reliably under weather variability and fertilizer regimes; however, performance of simulation of seed cotton yield was closely predicted in normal population density (100%) and with a greater degree of variability (underestimation) across higher population density (150% and 200%) . Both monsoon and late sowing recorded maximum seed cotton yield under high planting density of 45 X 10 cm (2,22,222 plants ha-1) with fertilizer regime of 120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 followed by plant density of 45 X 10 cm (2,22,222 plants ha-1) with fertilizer regimes of 90:45:45 NPK kg ha-1. Pooled net monetary returns was statistically equal with the application of fertilizer 120:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 and 90:45:45 NPK kg ha-1 with similar benefit:cost ratio.ThesisItem Open Access SITE SPECIFIC NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT: VARIABILITY IN SOYBEAN AND COTTON YIELD RESPONSE AND SOIL PROPERTIES.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-09-24) JANGILWAD, MADHAVI DATTATRYA.; Katkar, Dr. R. N.The field experiments were conducted to study the “Site Specific Nutrient Management: Variability in Soybean and Cotton Yield Response and Soil Properties” was conducted during the kharif season 2014-15 and 2015-16 at farmers’ fields in village’s in Akola district. The experiments comprised of four treatments as per the omission plot technique in randomized block design replicated on fifteen farmers’ fields and each farmers field was considered as one replication. The soil samples were collected at the start of experiment and after harvest of soybean and cotton to study the response of soybean and cotton to different treatments on properties of soil and nutrients on study of response of nutrients to soybean and cotton on the soil properties. The plant samples were collected at harvest of soybean and at boll development stage of cotton to estimate the nutrient concentration and uptake of primary, secondary and micronutrients. The seed and straw in respect of soybean was recorded at the harvest of crop. The yield attributing characters and seed cotton yield and stalk yield was recorded. The significantly highest seed yield of soybean was recorded with balanced application of NPK. The yield of soybean was most influenced by the omission of phosphorus indicating that phosphorus is most crucial element in soybean. The plant height, number of pods, number of seed per pod recorded highest with balanced nutrients and reduced significantly due to omission of nitrogen and phosphorus. The number of nodules per plant were decreased significantly due to omission of P and N. The significantly highest total uptake of N,P, K, S, Ca, Mg and micronutrients by soybean was recorded with balanced application of NPK. The significantly highest seed cotton yield and stalk yield, number of boll per plant and boll weight were recorded with the balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The significant reduction in seed cotton yield and stalk yield were recorded in omission of nitrogen followed by potassium and phosphorus as compared to combined application of NPK in balanced quantity. The highest total uptake of N,P, K, S, Ca, Mg and micronutrients were recorded with the application of ample NPK and higher reduction in omission nitrogen and potassium. The post-harvest soil organic carbon content was found highest with the balanced application of NPK. The highest available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) were recorded with application of NPK in balanced quantity in both crops after harvest. The primary, secondary and micronutrients were found low where N,P and K was omitted from balanced application. The partial factor productivity and production efficiency were found most sensitive to potassium followed by nitrogen and phosphorus application in cotton. The partial factor productivity and production efficiency was found most sensitive to phosphorus followed by potassium and nitrogen application in soybean. The different from of potassium recorded highest in the treatment of potassium application and its deletion reduced availability of potassium after harvest of soybean and cotton. The different forms of potassium highest reduction due to omission of potassium. It can be concluded that the site specific nutrient management with balanced application of nutrients to soybean and cotton enhanced the yield and nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency besides improving the residual soil fertility and various potassium fractions.
