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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF ALOE VERA (ALOE BARBADENSIS) AND NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) LEAVES POWDER ON PERFORMANCE OF VANRAJA POULTRY BIRDS.(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuksh Krishi Vidyapeet,Akola, 2021-03-09) GADEKAR, SHRIKANT DATTATRAYA.; Chavan, Dr. S. D.The present research work entitled as “Effect of supplementation of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves powder on performance of vanraja poultry birds” was conducted at poultry unit of PGI, VAS, MAFSU, Akola and Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola.The objective of present study was to investigate the the effect of supplementation of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves powder on performance of vanraja poultry birds. For present study 270 day old vanraja chicks were divided in nine treatments having three replications, with ten birds.The treatments were (T1) control with no supplementation, (T2) standard ration plus 1 per cent AVP, (T3) standard ration plus 2 per cent AVP, (T4) standard ration plus 1 per cent NLP, (T5) standard ration plus 1.5 per cent NLP, (T6) standard ration plus 1 per cent AVP and 1 per cent NLP, (T7) standard ration plus 1 per cent AVP and 1.5 per cent NLP, (T8) standard ration plus 2 per cent AVP and 1 per cent NLP and (T9) standard ration plus 2 per cent AVP plus 1.5 per cent NLP. On the basis of data obtained on feed consumption of Vanraja poultry birds, the average weekly cumulative feed consumption were in the range (2473.33 gm/bird) to (2728.55 g/bird) the highest cumulative feed consumption was recorded in T7 (2728.55 g/bird). The cumulative body weight gain was found highest in (1274.36 g/bird). The total average water intake per bird was highest in (1410.02 ml/bird) in T1. Feed conversion ratio was superior in treatment (T6) (2.04 g/bird). On the basis of data obtained on haemato-biochemical parameters it was observed that the highest values for haemoglobin packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cells (WBC) was found in T6 (11.70 mg/dl), T6 (37.72 per cent), T6 (2.93 106/mm3), (36418.06 cells/mm3), respectively. Similarly highest count for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, serum HDL cholesterol, serum LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, glucose was noticed in T6 (2.80 mg/dl), T3 (1.52 mg/dl), T1 (1.69 mg/dl), T1 (121.57 mg/dl), T7 (33.41 mg/dl), T6 (56.27 mg/dl), T1 (101.17 mg/dl). T1 (5.73 mg/dl), T1 (0.89 mg/dl) and T6 (234.97 mg/dl) respectively. The highest carcass weight obtained in treatment T6 (945.17g). the data obtained on meat composition revealed that highest dry matter content were obtained in treatment T4 (27.67 per cent), in breast meat and highest dry matter content in thigh meat was found in T2 (26.31 per cent). The highest crude protein of breast, thigh and drumstick meat was recorded T4 (19.78 per cent), T7 (24. 94 per cent), T2 (32.09 per cent). The highest crude fat content of breast, thigh and drumstick meat was found in T1 (1.99 per cent), T6 (4.53 per cent) and T1 (3.54 per cent). The highest ash percentage of breast, thigh and drumstick meat were observed in T4 (6.60 per cent), T6 (5.22 per cent) and T5 (8.75 per cent). Similarly the highest crude fiber per cent of breast, thigh and drumstick meat were noticed in T2 (0.72 per cent), T6 (1.12 per cent) and T1 (0.83 per cent) respectively. Data on sensory evaluation of meat revealed that the highest score for appearance, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptance recorded in T5 (7.77), T6 (8.33), T6 (8.80), T6 (8.15) and T4 (8.33) respectively. Out of total 270 birds mortality recorded highest in T1 i.e. (3 birds). The highest net profit gain was noticed in T6 (Rs. 71.34).ThesisItem Open Access Title: EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF ALOE VERA (ALOE BARBADENSIS) AND NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) LEAVES POWDER ON PERFORMANCE OF VANRAJA POULTRY BIRDS.(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuksh Krishi Vidyapeet,Akola, 2021-03-09) Authors: GADEKAR, SHRIKANT DATTATRAYA.; Advisor: Chavan, Dr. S. D.Abstract: The present research work entitled as “Effect of supplementation of aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves powder on performance of vanraja poultry birds” was conducted at poultry unit of PGI, VAS, MAFSU, Akola and Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola.The objective of present study was to investigate the the effect of supplementation of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves powder on performance of vanraja poultry birds. For present study 270 day old vanraja chicks were divided in nine treatments having three replications, with ten birds.The treatments were (T1) control with no supplementation, (T2) standard ration plus 1 per cent AVP, (T3) standard ration plus 2 per cent AVP, (T4) standard ration plus 1 per cent NLP, (T5) standard ration plus 1.5 per cent NLP, (T6) standard ration plus 1 per cent AVP and 1 per cent NLP, (T7) standard ration plus 1 per cent AVP and 1.5 per cent NLP, (T8) standard ration plus 2 per cent AVP and 1 per cent NLP and (T9) standard ration plus 2 per cent AVP plus 1.5 per cent NLP. On the basis of data obtained on feed consumption of Vanraja poultry birds, the average weekly cumulative feed consumption were in the range (2473.33 gm/bird) to (2728.55 g/bird) the highest cumulative feed consumption was recorded in T7 (2728.55 g/bird). The cumulative body weight gain was found highest in (1274.36 g/bird). The total average water intake per bird was highest in (1410.02 ml/bird) in T1. Feed conversion ratio was superior in treatment (T6) (2.04 g/bird). On the basis of data obtained on haemato-biochemical parameters it was observed that the highest values for haemoglobin packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cells (WBC) was found in T6 (11.70 mg/dl), T6 (37.72 per cent), T6 (2.93 106/mm3), (36418.06 cells/mm3), respectively. Similarly highest count for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, serum HDL cholesterol, serum LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, glucose was noticed in T6 (2.80 mg/dl), T3 (1.52 mg/dl), T1 (1.69 mg/dl), T1 (121.57 mg/dl), T7 (33.41 mg/dl), T6 (56.27 mg/dl), T1 (101.17 mg/dl). T1 (5.73 mg/dl), T1 (0.89 mg/dl) and T6 (234.97 mg/dl) respectively. The highest carcass weight obtained in treatment T6 (945.17g). the data obtained on meat composition revealed that highest dry matter content were obtained in treatment T4 (27.67 per cent), in breast meat and highest dry matter content in thigh meat was found in T2 (26.31 per cent). The highest crude protein of breast, thigh and drumstick meat was recorded T4 (19.78 per cent), T7 (24. 94 per cent), T2 (32.09 per cent). The highest crude fat content of breast, thigh and drumstick meat was found in T1 (1.99 per cent), T6 (4.53 per cent) and T1 (3.54 per cent). The highest ash percentage of breast, thigh and drumstick meat were observed in T4 (6.60 per cent), T6 (5.22 per cent) and T5 (8.75 per cent). Similarly the highest crude fiber per cent of breast, thigh and drumstick meat were noticed in T2 (0.72 per cent), T6 (1.12 per cent) and T1 (0.83 per cent) respectively. Data on sensory evaluation of meat revealed that the highest score for appearance, flavour, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptance recorded in T5 (7.77), T6 (8.33), T6 (8.80), T6 (8.15) and T4 (8.33) respectively. Out of total 270 birds mortality recorded highest in T1 i.e. (3 birds). The highest net profit gain was noticed in T6 (Rs. 71.34).ThesisItem Open Access Title: EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF SHREDDED GINGER ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GROWING HEIFER.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-04-24) Authors: BORKAR, ANJALI MAHADEO.; Advisor: Shelke, Dr. R. R.Abstract: The study entitled “Effect of supplementation of shredded ginger on the growth performance of growing heifer” was carried out at Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairy Science, Dr. PDKV, Akola for 90 days period. Twenty growing heifers were divided into 4 group on the basis of average body weight. These groups were allotted to four different supplementary treatment namely T1 - Dry roughages+ Green fodder + concentrate (control), T2 - Dry roughages + Green fodder + concentrate + 5 gm ginger, T3 - Dry roughages + Green fodder +concentrate + 10 gm ginger, T4- Dry roughages + Green fodder + concentrate + 15 gm ginger. The data were analyzed by randomized block design. It was observed that the body weight gain and body measurement (Body height, body length, chest girth) were significant in treatment T4 i. e. concentrate +15 gm ginger than rest of the treatment. Body weight and body measurements directly affected proportionally to each other, so it is obvious that gain in body measurement found. Daily dry matter intake per 100 kg body weight of growing heifers were higher in T4 (3.25) followed by T3 (3.15), T2 (2.97) and T1 (2.79) treatments respectively. Inclusion of shredded ginger in the diet of heifer was significant in respect to body weight gain, body measurement. It was found that after feeding ginger, the feeding cost was lowered, when fed in ration over other treatment. Thus, the result indicated that supplementation of ginger to heifers could fulfil the maintenance requirement without exhibiting any toxic and adverse effect on the growth rate of heifers.ThesisItem Open Access Title : FEEDING AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOLLOWED BY DAIRY OWNER IN BEED DISTRICT.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-09-29) Authors : KARANDE, VAIBHAV TATYASAHEB.; Advisor : Chavan, Dr. S. D.Abstract : The present investigation entitled “Feeding and management practices followed by dairy owner in Beed district”. A survey was carried out by selecting 150 livestock owners randomly from three tahsil namely Georai, Dharur & Shirur Kasar. Five villages were selected from each tahsil and from each village ten dairy cattle owners were selected purposively and categorised according to land holding. Stratified into five different groups i.e. landless (with no land), marginal (up to 1 ha), small (1 to 2 ha), medium (2 to 10 ha) and large (above 10 ha) were selected on the basis of livestock population. The practice wise adoption In respect of feeding and management compared with scientific recommendations was meagre. The practice of feeding balance ration with dry, green and concentrates in required proportion, processing of roughages and concentrates, chaffing of green and dry fodder were adopted by 8.66, 48.00, and 38.66 per cent cultivators, respectively. It was observed the dairy owners adopted the enrichment of poor quality roughages. The majority of the farmers (47.33 per cent) were adopted knuckling method of milking followed by full hand method (32.00 per cent) and stripping method (20.66 per cent), respectively. Medium farmers were adopted knuckling method of milking followed by full hand method and stripping method respectively. The practice of deworming, health control 63.34 per cent dairy cattle owners of large group were adopted deworming to the animals followed by small, landless, medium & marginal (i.e.13.33, 6.67, 3.33, 3.33 per cent) respectively. Measures and means to overcome the constraints 1. To boost up the interest of dairy when arranged cattle shows, participation in exhibition and used of Television. 2. Exposure towards different schemes launched by department of AH and DS in respect of is essential to overcome the financial crunch. 3. Awareness campus in respect of adoption of use of home made ingredient, non convential feed and agro industrial byproducts are needed to arranged. 4. For economical feeding development of pasture land at gram panchayat level. 5. Village level or gram Panchayat level installation of fodder banks.ThesisItem Open Access Title : ADOPTION OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR POULTRY PRODUCTION FARMS MAINTAINED AT SANGALI DISTRICT.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-08-24) Authors : SUL, DHULUBA MARUTI.; Advisor : NAGE, Dr. S. P.Abstract : The present investigation entitled “Adoption of Management Practices and Constraints for Poultry Production Farms Maintained at Sangali District” under Sangali district having ten talukas out of which these three talukas were undertaken for the present study namely Jath, Kavathe-Mahankal and Tasgoan. Five villages randomly selected for the present investigation each taluka and Eight poultry unit from each villages. Pandharewadi, Daribadchi, Sankh, Bilur, Khalati from Jath taluka, Alkud, Manewadi, Banewadi, Shirdhon, Shindewadi from Kavathe-mhankal and last one Anjani, Manerajuri, Nagoan, Visapur, Dorli from Tasgoan taluka. A total 120 farms poultry were selected for the study. The poultry owners divided into three categories on the basis of bird size in poultry unit as (a) Small owner (0-2000) (b) Medium owner (2001-4000) (c) Large owner ( Above 4000 birds). Most of the respondents from age group below 30 years were from medium owner (47.65%) as compared to small and large owner. This indicate that, the poultry owners having age below 30 years are engaged in the poultry farming. Whereas the large owner (58.33%) poultry owners keeping large quantity of poultry birds were in between age 31-45 compared to the small and medium poultry owners. The respondents from small owner (48.14%) were educated upto secondary as compare to medium and large owner. Whereas educated in higher secondary in medium owners (59.52%) as compare to small and large owners. It was observed on the basis of finding that, poultry owners are well educated in large poultry owner (16.67%) as compare to small and medium owner. The data showed that, no one under the small owner category educated above graduate. The annual income of Rs.100000-250000 large quantity of poultry owner (40.74%) falls under from small owner catogery. Whereas the annual income of Rs. 250001-400000 was observed 55.56% of small and no one in medium and large poultry owners. Whereas the medium poultry owners (45.24%) as compare to small and large owners in annual income 400001-650000 rupees. Also, in the annual income of above Rs.650001, large poultry owner (79.16%) as compare to small and medium owners. The feeder (Automatic feeder) for poultry was used 100% of large poultry owners as compare to medium and small owners and manual feeder used 96.30% by small owners as compare medium and large owners. The data showed that, no one large owner are used the manual feeder. In Feeding materials (Own prepared feed) was used 83.33% by small owner as compare to medium and large owner. The data showed that, none of large owner used the own prepared feed. On the contraver 100% poultry owner used readymade feed materials by large poultry owners as compare to small and medium poultry owner. The fluctuation in feed cost is the major problems faced by small owner (75.09%) as compare to medium and large owner. Whereas the quality chick availability constraints faced by small (9.25%) owner as compare to medium and large poultry owners. In the quality feed availability, the small (75.9%) owner faced the problem as compare to medium and large poultry. Whereas the 68.51% of small owner faced the problem of disease infestation as compare to medium and large owner. In labour availability, the large owners faced (79.16%) as compare to small and medium owners. The problems faced by the selected farmers during marketing nearly equal of 100% of small, medium and large owners was faced the problem of price fluctuation. Whereas 50% of small owner faced the lack of traveling facility as compare to medium and large owner. The data showed that, none of the large owner faced constraint in travelling facility. It was observed on the basis of finding lack of processing faced nearly equal of small (100%) and medium (100%) owner as compare to large owner. It was finding on the basis of data 50% of medium owner faced integration problem as compare to small and large owner. The entry of middleman faced the small (100%) owner as compare to medium and large owner. It was observed on the basis of finding that, nearly equal poultry owner of small (100%) and medium (100%) owner faced lack of co-operative marketing facility problem as compare to large poultry owner.ThesisItem Open Access Title: EFFECT OF SLAUGHTER AGE ON CARCASS AND CHICKEN QUALITY OF GIRIRAJA POULTRY BIRDS(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-06-30) Authors: KAZIM, KAZIMI; Advisor: Shegokar, Dr. S. RAbstract: The present investigation entitled "Effect of slaughter age on carcass and chicken quality of Giriraja poultry birds" was carried out at Department of A.H & D.S., Dr. P.D.K.V, Akola in collaboration with poultry Unit, Department of Poultry Science, PGIVAS, MAFSU, Akola to evaluate the Effect of slaughter age on carcass and chicken quality of Giriraja poultry birds. Total 90 number of Giriraja poultry birds were purchase from Government hatchery Nagpur, Maharashtra. On arrival of Giriraja poultry chick were weight and distributed randomly into five treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, with 6 chicks in each group on equal weight basis. The birds were randomly divided into three replicate group of each treatment and the chicks were housed in separated compartment. All the chicks vaccinated as per schedule carried out at Central Poultry Development Organization, Mumbai. The average weekly feed consumption under different treatment was 617.11, 642.73, 673.82, 707.41 and 746.50 gr/bird for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The initial average live body weight of chicken at the time of oncet of experiment up to 6th week of age were 37.94, 87.87, 194.78, 333.66, 501.99, 694.56 and 904.01 g/bird were recorded. Moreover, the average live weight of chicks under treatment T1, (7th week) T2 (8th week), T3 (9th week), T4 (10th week) and T5 (11th week) were 1110.23, 1299.55, 1482.73, 1660.41 and 1834.89 g/bird. The live weight gain is the measure of profit in respect of Giriraja poultry birds rearing, the data under experiment indicated that, the significant differences in body weight gain from 1st week of age up to 7th week of age, the live body weight recorded were 49.9, 107.0, 138.9, 168.3, 192.6 and 209.4 g/bird for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th week of age. The average weekly FCR from 1st week of age up to 6th weekly of age recorded were 1.44, 2.18, 2.38,2.41, 2.67 and 2.80 for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th week, respectively. The present results in respect of body weight gain under treatment T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 201.4, 204.2, 189.3, 183.2, 177.7 and 174.5, respectively. This indicates that on the age advances the live body gain decline gradually from 7th week onward. Moreover, the present results in respect of body weight gain of Giriraja poultry birds were observed decreasing trend from 7th week which indicates that 7th week of age (T1) is optimum age for slaughter of Giriraja poultry birds. The average sensory scores for color of the Giriraja chicken for breast during different age group under treatment T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 7.80, 6.93, 6.53, 6.27, and 6.07. The average sensory score of thigh for colour under treatment T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, were 7.53, 6.87, 6.47, 6.20 and 6.13, respectively. The average score of sensory evaluation for breast meat particularly for appearance were, 7.67, 7.0, 6.6, 6.27 and 6.2, for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The mean score of sensory evaluation for appearance of thigh muscle were 7.20, 7.0, 6.47, 6.27 and 6.20 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The average score of sensory quality of breast muscles in respect of flavor were, 8.0, 7.13, 6.8, 6.6 and 6.33, for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The average score of sensory evaluation for flavor in respect of thigh under different treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, 7.80, 7.13, 6.73, 6.53 and 6.33, respectively. The mean score of sensory evaluation for breast muscles of Giriraja chicken obtained were, 8.07, 6.93, 6.8, 6.47 and 6.13 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The highest score was recorded for T1 (7th week age) than rest of the treatments. The mean score of sensory quality for thigh muscle of Giriraja chicken were 8.07, 7.07, 6.93, 6.47 and 6.27 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The mean score for sensory evaluation of breast meat in respect of texture was found 8.07, 7.0, 6.07, 5.8, and 5.8 under different treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The average score of sensory evaluation for thigh muscle of Giriraja chicken obtained were 8.67, 6.73, 6.13, 5.83 and 5.87 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The mean score for sensory quality of breast meat in concern with treatments observed were, 8.07, 6.93, 6.07, 5.8 and 5.67 for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The mean score of sensory quality for thigh muscles in concern with tenderness of Giriraja chicken under different treatment, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, were 8.13, 7.0, 6.07, 5.8 and 5.73, respectively. The average score for sensory evaluation of breast muscle meat in respect of overall acceptability were, 8, 6.93, 6.4, 6.33 and 5.93, for T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The average score of sensory evaluation for thigh muscles of Giriraja chicken in concern with overall acceptability were 7.87, 6.93, 6.27, 6.0 and 5.93 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Title: SUPPLEMENTATION OF SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIGENOUS MILCH COWS.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-09-29) Authors: TALAN, VAISHNAVI VINOD.; Advisor: Kahate, Dr. P. A.Abstract: The study entitled “Supplementation of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) on Productive Performance of Indigenous Milch Cows” was conducted for 120 days. Twenty healthy lactating indigenous cows were selected and divided into 4 groups i.e. control (T1), treatment (T2), (T3) and (T4) on the basis of milk yield, parity and body weight for this study. These groups were allotted to four different supplementary treatment namely T1 - Dry fodder + 10 Kg Green fodder+ concentrate (control), Dry fodder + 10Kg Green fodder + concentrate + 20 gm shatavari (T2), Dry fodder + 10 Kg Green fodder + concentrate + 30 gm shatavari (T3) and Dry fodder+10 Kg Green fodder concentrate + 40 gm shatavari (T4) during 120 days feeding trial. All cows were offered a fixed quantity of green fodder and concentrate as per thumb rule over the experimental period. The data were analyzed by randomized block design. It is observed that the per cent protein, fat, carbohydrates, saponins and ash in shatavari root powder were 21.9, 6.26, 36.9, 4.0 and 6.61 per cent, respectively. The feed intake and dry matter intake were significantly influenced due to supplementation of 40 gm shatavari root powder. Higher intake of feed and DM per 100 kg body weight were noticed in treatment T4 and lowest in T1. The average daily intake of water during experimental period was 25.50, 26.20, 27.40 and 27.68 litres per cow in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively. Higher intake of water per 100 kg body weight was noticed in treatment T4 and lowest in T1. The overall mean daily milk yield per cow in 1st week was 6.00, 6.44, 6,85 and 7.16 kg for T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively. The milk yield was also increased significantly (P<0.05) in all weeks. The overall mean peak yield of the cows of T3 and T4 group (7.690 ± 1.172 and 8.640 ± 1.011 kg) were higher than the T2 and T1 groups (7.20 ± 1.164 and 6.400 ± 0.899 kg). The mean number of days required to attain peak yield in cows of T1, T2, T3 and T4 group were 41.400 ± 1.122, 53.400 ± 0.872, 57.400 ± 0.872 and 61.800 ± 0.800 days, respectively. The cows of T1 group attained peak yields significantly earlier than the cows of T2, T3 and T4 group (P<0.05). It is observed that, the effect of 40 gm of shatavari root powder supplementation was observed significant on fat, protein, lactose, total solids and SNF of milk composition. The fat content of milk was 4.03, 4.32, 4.42 and 4.50 percent. The protein and lactose contents were 3.37 and 4.45, 3.64 and 4.82, 3.67 and 5.09, and 3.69 and 5.20 percent in treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively. Similar trend was found for total solids and SNF being 12.58 and 8.55, 13.45 and 9.13, 13.84 and 9.42 and 14.05 and 9.55 in treatment T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively. The effect on ash and titratable acidity was observed non significant at 5.0 percent level of significance. The Net profit in milk production (Rs) was highest in T4 (Rs.9522). The percent profit in milk production was highest in T4 (49.14) followed by T3 (30.10) and T2 (9.70) percent over the control (T1) treatment. It is concluded that indigenous milch cows can be efficiently raised on supplementation of shatavari root powder as evident from the increased feed intake, dry matter intake, water intake and milk production without any adverse effect on productive performance of cows.ThesisItem Open Access Title: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON FEEDING OF SOYBEAN STRAW TREATED WITH CALCIUM SODIUM BICARBONATE AND UREA ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING COWS.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2020-12-12) Authors: MOHALE, DEEPAK DNYANDEORAO.; Advisor: Chavan, Dr. S. D.Abstract: The present investigation entitled ”Comparative studies on feeding of soybean straw treated with calcium, sodium bicarbonate and urea on the performance of lactating cows” was carried out from 15/02/2017 to 15/6/2017 at Livestock Instructional Farm, Deptt. AH & DS, Dr. PDKV, Akola to evaluate the effectiveness of enrichment of straw and its subsequent effect on the performance of lactating cows. The untreated soybean straw and 2% calcium, sodium bicarbonate and urea treated soybean straw, Green maize and concentrates (Sugras) were containing 89.13, 90.92, 91.88, 90.61, 25.00 and 90.72% DM, respectively, while the content of other nutrients were 6.22, 6.34, 6.58, 9.52, 7.20 and 20.21% CP, 2.17, 1.42, 1.35, 1.74, 1.90 and 4.67% EE, 42.58, 47.12, 46.10, 36.77, 50.96 and 10.97% CF, 39.10, 32.36, 33.15, 38.72, 31.12 and 60.05 and 11.22, 13.20, 13.20, 12.38, 8.60 and 3.48% ash, respectively. The most remarkable finding was that the 2.0% urea treated straw was almost double in CP content than the untreated soybean straw. The crude fiber and NFE content of SBS indicating that SBS straw is more coarse and fibrous. SBS was rich in mineral content on the basis of its total ash content. On an average the cows consumed 12.35, 12.88, 12.62 and 13.19 kg total fresh feed under T1 control, T2, T3, and T4 treatments respectively. Out of this, the total intake of concentrates (maintenance + Production) was 2, 2, 2, and 1 kg in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments respectively, indicating that there was decrease in concentrate intake under T4 treatment groups as compared to T1 T2, and `T3 group. The cows from T4 -2% urea treated SBS group received significantly more DM over that of untreated SBS group i.e. T1. The average dry matter intake was 7.82, 8.40, 8.21 and 8.66 in T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups respectively. It was observed that average total water intake (TWI) over the experimental period was 27.50, 27.81, 28.73 and 28.06 Kg/d/cow under T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups respectively, the differences being significant. Significantly highest water intake was noticed in T4 and T3 groups followed by T2, T1 groups. It was noted that DM digestibility differed significantly between the treatments. However, highest digestibility co- efficient was noticed in T4 (64.66%) followed by T2 (62.14%), T3 (60.77%) and T1 (59.97%). In respect of CP digestibility on different feeding treatment it was that digestibility coefficients reached the level of significance amongst treatments. Significantly higher (61.70%) and lower (57.12%) was noted in cows on feeding T4 2% urea treated SBS diet and in T1 i.e. untreated SBS diet fed groups. On an average the digestibility coefficient were 59.44, 59.88, 59.81 and 59.33 per cent under T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups respectively. The EE digestibility was significantly affected by the feeding treatments being 65.55, 65.38, 67.70 and 68.53 per cent under T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups respectively. Significantly highest milk production of 33.42 Kg was obtained on feeding T4 - 2% urea treated SBS ration to cows. While milk production the milk production under T1 untreated soybean straw, T2 calcium treated soybean straw and T3 sodium bicarbonate treated soybean straw were 29.09, 31.54 and 29.67 kg/cow, respectively with non-significant differences in T1 and T3. Significantly highest fat in milk (4.70%) was noticed when the cows were reared on T4- 2% urea treated SBS diet, while lowest content of 4.43% fat was observed on feeding T1 untreated SBS ration, while fat in T2 and T3 treated with calcium and sodium bicarbonate were 4.62% and 4.54%, respectively. It was revealed that milk produced by feeding (T4) 2% urea treated SBS contained significantly more milk protein (3.69%) as compared to (T1) untreated SBS (3.47%), (T2) 2% calcium treated SBS (3.62%) and (T3) 2% sodium bicarbonate treated SBS (3.55%), respectively. It was observed that highest SNF % is recorded in T4- that is 2% urea treated SBS followed by T2- 2% calcium treated SBS, T3- 2% sodium bicarbonate SBS and T1- untreated SBS ration 8.93, 8.87, 8.81 and 8.76, respectively. Significantly highest TS content was recorded in T4- that is 2% urea treated SBS followed by T3- 2% sodium bicarbonate SBS,T2- 2% calcium treated SBS and T1- untreated SBS ration 13.61, 13.55, 13.49 and 13.41, respectively. Thus feeding of 2% calcium, 2% sodium bicarbonate and 2% urea enriched SBM had no adverse effect on performance of lactating cow on the contrary to the blood metabolic parameter in respect of plasma glucose 51.99, 50.90 and 52.16 mg/dl in T2, T3 and T4 groups,, serum total protein 6.37,6.25,6.53 mg/dl in T2, T3 and T4 groups, blood urea nitrogen 16.67,16.47, 16.99 gm/dl, total serum lipid 286.77, 285.45, 288.17 mg/dl in T2, T3 and T4 groups, total serum cholesterol 69.16, 68.77, 69.62 mg/dl in T2, T3 and T4 groups, and serum triglyceride content 17.36,17.25, 17.46 mg/dl in T2, T3 and T4 groups, as against 48.75,6.09,16.24,282.30, 68.55, 16.93, in untreated diet i.e T1. The examination of result in reference to cost of feeding/kg milk yield in cows, it was observed that the cows maintained on T4-2% urea treated SBS diet registered lower cost/ kg milk yield by 27.45%, 50.47% and 30.94% than T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. On an average the cost of feed/ kg milk/day/cow was Rs. 19.56/-, 28.65/-, 20.55/- and 14.19/- when cow produced 4.15, 4.50, 4.23 and 4.77 kg of milk/day under T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access UTILIZATION OF THE BOTTLE GOURD PULP (Lagenaria siceraria) FOR THE PREPARATION OF UJANI BASUNDI.(Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2019-07-20) GAWANDE, SHUBHAM BALKRUSHNA.; Atkare, Dr. V. G.The research work entitled “Utilization of bottle gourd pulp (Lagenaria siceraria) for the preparation of Ujani basundi”. was carried out during the year 2018-19. Milk was standardized to 4 per cent fat and the Ujani basundi prepared with addition of bottle gourd pulp at 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3) and 15% (T4) per cent by weight of milk. The data analyzed statistically by using completely randomized design (CRD), with four treatments and five replications. The data obtained after chemical analysis of fat, total solids, protein, acidity, solids not fat, ash and evaluation of sensory characteristics like colour and appearance, body and texture, flavour and overall acceptability were subjected to statistical analysis. Total solids percentage of Ujani basundi were increased with increase in the level of bottle gourd pulp and fat, protein, solids not fat, acidity and ash percentage was decreased with increase in the level of bottle gourd pulp. The sensory evaluation for (overall acceptability) carried out by the judges, showed that Ujani basundi prepared by adding with 15 part bottle gourd pulp (T4) had secured the highest score (8.80) and ranked as acceptable treatment. This Ujani basundi contained 15.90 per cent fat, 50.78 per cent total solids, 8.70 per cent protein, 19.90 per cent solids not fat, 0.39 per cent acidity and 1.70 per cent ash. The cost of production of Ujani basundi was decrease with the increase in the level of bottle gourd pulp. The cost of production was higher of treatment T1 with addition of 0 part bottle gourd pulp (Rs.155.46 per kg) while, the Ujani basundi prepared by adding 15 parts of bottle gourd pulp (T4 treatment) costing (Rs. 152.85 per kg) which was superiorly accepted by the panel of judges. Hence, it is concluded that superior quality Ujani basundi can be prepared by addition of 15 per cent of bottle gourd pulp.
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