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Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola was established on 20th October, 1969 with its head-quarter at Akola. This Agricultural University was named after the illustrious son of Vidarbha Dr. Panjabrao (alias Bhausaheb) Deshmukh, who was the Minister for Agriculture,Govt. of India. The jurisdiction of this university is spread over the eleven districts of Vidarbha. According to the University Act 1983 (of the Government of Maharashtra), the University is entrusted with the responsibility of agricultural education, research and extension education alongwith breeder and foundation seed programme.
The University has its main campus at Akola. The instructional programmes at main campus are spread over in 5 Colleges namely, College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, College of Forestry, College of Horticulture and Post Graduate Institute. At this campus 4 degree programmes namely B.Sc.(Agri.) B.Sc. (Hort.), B.Sc. (Forestry) and B.Tech. (Ag. Engg.) , two Master’s Degree Programmes viz. M.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Tech. (Agri.Engg.) and Doctoral Degree Programmes in the faculties of Agriculture and Agril. Engineering are offered.
The University has its sub-campus at Nagpur with constituent College, College of Agriculture which offers B.Sc.(Agri.) and M.Sc.(Agri.) degree programmes. The Nagpur Campus is accomplished with a garden, surrounded by its natural beauty and a well established Zoo which attract the general public and visitors to the city. A separate botanic Garden is being maintained on 22 hectares with a green house for the benefit of research workers.
In addition there are 2 affiliated grant-in-aid colleges and 14 private non-grant-in-aid colleges under the umbrella of this University
A Central Research Station is situated at the main Campus which caters to the need of research projects undertaken by Crop Scientists of the principle crops of the region are Cotton, Sorghum, Oilseeds and Pulses.
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ThesisItem Open Access REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN OILSEED PRODUCTION IN MAHARASHTRA.(Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-01-24) KHARAT, SURESH SADASHIV.; Ganvir, Dr. B. N.The present study “Regional disparities in oilseeds production in Maharashtra’’ was carried out to estimates the growth rates, trends, instability and disparities in area, production and productivity of kharif groundnut, soybean, safflower and sunflower in Maharashtra over the period of 26 years beginning from 1990-91 to 2015-16. This study was based on secondary data obtained from http://krishi.maharashtra.gov.in. and Government publications. The four selected crops viz: kharif groundnut, soybean, safflower and sunflower were considered for the study. The compound growth rates, exponential, linear, logarithmic, polynomial and power functions for trends, instability were measured by Coefficient of variation and Coppock’s instability index and principal component analysis were used to study the regional disparities. One of the crucial issues in the development of an economy is to see that, all the regions are not equally developed due to natural and man-made factors and therefore, not all regions can be equally developed. Regions endowed with rich natural resources generally progress faster than those with little or no natural resources and at the same time man too has contributed a lot in creating inequalities or disparities among the regions. Regional disparities in area, production and productivity of oilseed in Maharashtra arise largely due to percentage of cultivable land to total land area, percentage of net sown area to gross cropped area, percentage of gross irrigated area to net area sown and annual rainfalls. The other factors also responsible likewise diverse agro-ecological factors as well as disparate access to technological and infrastructural facilities among various regions. The present study was conducted to study the regional disparities in area, production and productivity of oilseed in Maharashtra between Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada and Vidarbha regions of Maharashtra for period 2015-16. In Konkan, the positive annual compound growth rates in area and production of kharif groundnut during overall period were observed i.e. 1.01 per cent at 10 per cent and 2.22 per cent at 5 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut was positive i.e. 1.20 per cent at 10 per cent significant in Konkan region. In Western Maharashtra region, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of kharif groundnut during overall period were negative i.e. -2.93 per cent and -2.83 per cent at 1 per cent, level of significance respectively. The annual compound growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut during overall period was stagnant i.e. 0.10 per cent in Western Maharashtra region. In Marathwada region, the annual compound growth rate in area and production of kharif groundnut during overall period were observed negative -6.34 per cent and -6.47 per cent at 1 per cent, level of significance respectively. In productivity of kharif groundnut during overall period was negative but non-significant i.e. -0.15 per cent. In Vidarbha region, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of kharif groundnut during overall period were observed negative i.e. -13.01 per cent and -12.72 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, productivity of kharif groundnut was positive but non-significant i.e. 0.33 per cent showed the stagnant growth. At overall period the highest negative the CGR were observed in area and production of kharif groundnut during i.e.-13.01 per cent and -12.72 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively in Vidarbha region. During overall period, the growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut was stagnant in all regions Maharashtra. During overall period, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of kharif groundnut in Maharashtra were observed negative i.e. -4.01 per cent and -3.48 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the growth was non-significant in productivity of kharif groundnut i.e. 0.55 per cent in Maharashtra. In Maharashtra, the annual compound growth rate in area and production of kharif groundnut during overall period were observed negative and statistically significant. In productivity of kharif groundnut during overall period non-significant growth was observed. In Western Maharashtra region, during overall period, the CGR in area and production of soybean were observed positive i.e. 7.82 per cent and 8.21 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, CGR in productivity of kharif groundnut was positive but non-significant i.e. 0.36 per cent in Western Maharashtra. In Marathwada region, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of soybean during overall period were observed positive i.e. 18.62 per cent and 16.99 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut was negative i.e. -1.37 per cent but non-significant. In Vidarbha region, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of soybean during overall period, were observed positive 8.49 per cent at 1 per cent and 7.42 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut was negative i.e. -0.99 per cent but non-significance level. In Maharashtra, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of soybean during overall period were observed positive 10.72 per cent and 9.81 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of soybean was negative i.e. -0.82 per cent and non-significance level in Maharashtra. In Maharashtra, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of soybean during overall period were observed positive and statistically significant growth. In productivity of soybean during overall period, CGR was observed negative and non-significant. In Western Maharashtra region, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of safflower for overall period were negative -12.56 per cent and -11.17 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut was positive but non-significant i.e. 1.58 per cent. In Marathwada region, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of safflower for overall period, were negative -4.72 per cent at 1 per cent and -4.06 per cent at 5 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the CGR rate in productivity of kharif groundnut was positive but 0.69 per cent. In Vidarbha region, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of safflower during overall period was negative i.e. -17.33 per cent and -15.72 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively. During overall period, the CGR in productivity of kharif groundnut was positive but non-significant i.e. 1.94 per cent. In Maharashtra state, the highest declined annual compound growth rates in area and production of safflower for overall period were negative -17.33 and -15.72 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively, in Vidarbha region. During overall period, the growth in productivity of safflower was positive but non-significant 1.94 per cent. Annual compound growth rates in area and production of safflower during overall period were negative -7.36 per cent & -6.92 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively in Maharashtra. During overall period, annual compound growth rate in productivity of safflower was positive but non-significant 0.48 per cent in Maharashtra. In Maharashtra, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of safflower during overall period were negative but statistically significant. In productivity annual compound growth rate during overall period, was non-significant in Maharashtra. In Western Maharashtra region, during overall period the annual compound growth rates in area and production of sunflower were negative -11.88 per cent and -12.67 per cent respectively, at 1 per cent level of significance. During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut was negative -1.38 per cent at 10 per cent level of significance. In Marathwada region, the annual compound growth rate in area and production of sunflower during overall period were negative i.e. -12.11 per cent at 1 per cent and -12.30 per cent respectively, at 1 per cent level of significance. The annual compound growth rate in productivity of kharif groundnut during overall period was negative -1.18 per cent but non-significant. In Vidarbha region, the highest negative CGR in area and production of sunflower during overall period, were observed i.e. -12.92 per cent and -12.80 per cent respectively at 1 per cent level of significance. During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of sunflower was negative i.e. -1.12 per cent and non-significant in Western Maharashtra region. In Maharashtra, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of sunflower were observed negative during overall period, i.e.-12.09 per cent and -13.08 per cent at 1 per cent level of significance, respectively, During overall period, the annual compound growth rate in productivity of sunflower was negative -1.13 per cent at 10 per cent level of significance in Maharashtra. In Maharashtra, the annual compound growth rates in area and production of soybean during overall period were observed positive and statistically significant growth. In productivity of soybean during overall period, CGR was observed negative but non-significant. In Maharashtra state, annual compound growth rates in area and production of kharif groundnut, safflower and sunflower during overall period was negative growth rate. The exponential, linear, logarithmic, polynomial and power functions were computed and best fit was judged based on coefficient of determination (R2) values. I) During overall period, fitness of trends (R2) value in area, (0.32, 0.92, 0.97, 0.99 & 0.97) and production (0.30, 0.73, 0.67, 0.92 & 0.82) of kharif groundnut were estimated, in Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra state respectively. Polynomial functional form was the best fit to the trend for kharif groundnut due to the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value. The study revealed that, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value in the polynomial functional forms for area and production during overall period was positive and significant for the kharif groundnut in Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha regions and Maharashtra. 2) Fitness of trends (R2) value in area (0.96, 0.97, 0.94 & 0.96) and production (0.93, 0.84, 0.80 & 0.86) of soybean, were estimated for Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra, Power functional form was best fit to the trend for soybean due to the highest (R2). The study revealed that, the highest co-efficient of determination (R2) value in the power functional forms for area and production during overall period in soybean was positive and significant in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra. 3) Fitness of (R2) values in area, (0.97, 0.77, 0.86 and 0.86) and production (0.84, 0.34, 0.54 & 0.57) of safflower, were estimated for Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra state. Polynomial functional form was the best fit to the trend for the safflower due to the highest (R2) value. The rest of the study revealed that, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value in the polynomial functional forms for area and production during overall period was positive and significant for the safflower were estimated or Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha regions and Maharashtra. 4) Fitness of (R2) value in area (0.91, 0.89, 0.67 & 0.83) and production (0.87, 0.82, 0.62 & 0.75) of sunflower, were estimated for Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra. For the sunflower polynomial functional form was the best fit to trend due to the highest trends (R2) value. The study revealed that, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) value in the polynomial functional forms for area and production during overall period was positive and significant for the sunflower in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha regions and Maharashtra. During overall period for productivity of kharif groundnut, soybean, safflower and sunflower the coefficient of determination value (R2) of the estimated functions was low. Therefore, none of the function was fit for productivity in Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra. During the overall period, the instability in area of Kharif groundnut in Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra 20.57, 24.28, 52.96, 98.84 & 33.64 per cent, respectively. The instability in production of Kharif groundnut during the overall period in Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 38.04, 25.75, 57.44, 97.13 & 30.76 per cent, respectively. In productivity of Kharif groundnut the instability in Konkan, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra state during the overall period were 24.18, 13.37, 33.86, 23.62 & 13.88per cent respectively. The instability in area of soybean crop during the overall period in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 48.81, 97.74, 53.27, & 63.77 per cent, respectively. In production of soybean, the instability during the overall period in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 49.84, 114.09, 60.66, & 68.07 per cent, respectively. During the overall period, the instability in productivity of soybean in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 17.95, 46.97, 31.50 & 28.34 per cent, respectively. The instability in area of safflower during the overall period in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 75.80, 36.76, 121.36 and 53.95 per cent, respectively. During the overall period, the instability in production of safflower in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 78.40, 46.05, 142.12 &61.43 per cent, respectively. In productivity of safflower the instability during the overall period in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 46.59, 28.84, 40.12 & 25.51 per cent, respectively. In area of sunflower, the instability during the overall period in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra was 83.00, 88.54, 102.67 & 86.92 per cent, respectively. The instability in production of sunflower in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha region and Maharashtra during overall period was 90.26, 100.42, 113.02 & 97.18 per cent, respectively. During the overall period the instability in productivity of sunflower in Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Vidarbha regions and Maharashtra was 29.67, 23.97, 19.61 & 21.78 per cent, respectively. During overall period, in Western Maharashtra region was showed low instability index in area, production and productivity i.e. 10.80, 12.33 and 12.07 per cent, respectively in kharif groundnut. This indicated high consistency in terms of area, production and productivity of kharif groundnut during overall period. Konkan region was showed the highest instability in area during overall period, i.e. 11.59 per cent and productions as well as productivity were showed the highest instability index in the Marathwada region i.e. 15.78, and 15.94 per cent, respectively in Kharif groundnut. Overall period showed low instability in area and production of soybean in Vidarbha region i.e. 11.21 and 14.10 per cent, respectively and productivity in Western Maharashtra region i.e. 14.35 per cent. This indicated high consistency in terms of area, production and productivity of soybean during overall period. Marathwada region was indicates, the highest instability in area, production and productivity i.e. 14.02, 17.50 and 16.04 per cent, respectively in soybean. Overall period showed low instability in area of safflower i.e. 12.65 per cent in Marathwada region and in production and productivity i.e. 18.01 per cent and 16.58 per cent respectively in Western Maharashtra region. This indicated high consistency in terms of area, production and productivity of safflower during overall period. The overall period showed the highest instability in area, production and productivity of safflower i.e. 18.01, 23.70 and 18.42 per cent, respectively in Western Maharashtra region. During overall period, low instability index was observed in area and production of sunflower i.e. 13.20 and 16.61 per cent, respectively in Marathwada region and productivity of sunflower observed in Vidarbha region i.e. 12.94 per cent. This indicated high consistency in terms of area, production and productivity of sunflower during overall period. The highest instability index in area and production during overall period was 18.65 and 20.67 per cent, respectively in Vidarbha region. The highest productivity in sunflower was observed in Western Maharashtra i.e. 13.99 per cent. During overall period, the Coppock's instability index in area of kharif groundnut, soybean, safflower and sunflower oilseeds in Maharashtra was observed i.e. 11.13, 11.77, 12.74 & 13.62, production (12.15, 14.63, 17.64 & 16.80) and productivity (12.41, 14.37, 16.27 & 13.32) per cent, respectively. Disparities in area, production and productivity of oilseeds under the categories of high disparities were - 2.26, -2.21 & -1.84 in Konkan region. Under the classification of medium disparities, in area, production and productivity of oilseeds was noticed (-0.35, -0.25 & -0.52) in Vidarbha region. The categories of low and very low disparities was observed in Marathwada region i.e. (0.35, 0.19 & 0.11) and very low disparities in area, production and productivity of oilseeds (1.23, 1.27 & 1.39) was observed in Western Maharashtra region, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Title MARKET INTEGRATION AND PRICE VOLATILITY OF PULSES IN MAHARASHTRA.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-03-02) Author WAVDHANE, VINOD PUNDLIK.; Advisor Deshmukh, Dr. R. G.Abstract The research entitled “Market Integration and Price Volatility of Pulses in Maharashtra” was carried out with objectives to study the seasonal and cyclical variations in prices and arrivals of Pulses, to assess the stationarity and volatility in prices of Pulses, to assess the co-integration and causality of price signals among selected markets of Pulses, to study the relationship between spot and future prices of Pigeon pea (Tur) and Chickpea (Gram), to forecast the prices of Pulses for the selected markets, and to study the relationship between pulses prices and there processed product. For study purpose the data related to monthly average prices and arrivals of selected Pulses were collected for major APMC’s markets of Maharashtra for the period 2005 to 2016. Major four market are selected for each commodity i.e. Pigeon pea was Washim, Wardha, Mumbai and Latur. Green gram was Buldhana, Akola, Amravati and Latur. Black gram was Mumbai, Solapur, Washim and Akola. Chickpea was Buldhana, Washim, Latur and Amravati markets. Simple average method was used to estimate seasonal variations and Residual Method for cyclical variations. The econometric tools like ADF test, Johansen’s Multiple Co-integration test, Pair-wise Granger Causality Test, ARCH-GARCH, Vector Error Correction models and ARIMA models were also used. The prices of Pigeon pea were higher from the month of July to October. Green gram and Black gram was higher from the months of April to June and Chickpea was higher from the months of July to December in the selected markets. The higher prices of Pigeon pea recorded during the year 2005, 2006, 2009, 2015 and 2016. Green gram and Black gram was 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Chickpea was 2005, 2006, 2012 and 2016 in the selected markets. The peak period of arrivals of Pigeon pea in the selected markets was January to May. Green gram and Black gram was September to December and Chickpea was February to April for every years. There was observed that inverse relation between prices and arrivals. The higher arrivals of Pigeon pea were recorded during the years 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2016. Green gram and Black gram was 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2016. Chickpea was 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 in the selected markets. The price series of all selected Pulses markets was non - stationary at level with lag 1 and all markets prices series became stationary after 1st order difference. The ARCH-GARCH analysis showed that volatility shocks in the prices of Pulses were persistent in the selected markets of Pulses in Maharashtra. The selected markets having long run equilibrium relationship for the prices of selected Pulses and there exists co-integration among them as indicated by the results of Johansen’s multiple co-integration test. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Pigeon pea prices between Wardha and Latur, Washim and Latur, Washim and Mumbai markets respectively. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Green gram prices between Latur and Akola, Buldhana and Amravati markets respectively. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Black gram prices between Solapur and Akola, Solapur and Mumbai, Washim and Mumbai, Washim and Solapur markets respectively. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Chickpea prices between Buldhana and Amravati, Washim and Amravati, Latur and Buldhana markets respectively. The estimates of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in Pigeon pea prices revealed that Mumbai, Wardha and Washim markets attain short run equilibrium rapidly. Green gram prices observed that Amravati and Buldhana markets attain short run equilibrium rapidly. Black gram prices recorded that only Washim market attained short run equilibrium rapidly and Chickpea prices were showed that Amravati and Latur markets attain short run equilibrium rapidly. The Pigeon pea and Chickpea prices of spot and future markets having long run equilibrium relationship and there exists co-integration between them as indicated by the results of Johansen’s Multiple Co-integration Test. The prices have no causality between Spot and Future markets of Pigeon pea. Spot market prices were not affecting the current Future market price. The prices have showed unidirectional causality between future and spot market prices of Chickpea. Future market prices were affecting the current spot market price. So, the influence of future prices plays a significant role over the spot market prices. The forecasted prices of Pigeon pea for the month of April 2020 was predicted as 5609, 5258, 6518 and 5836 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum-maximum prices range for the months of January 2020 wasrupes 4664-5139, 4700-5270, 4922-6442 and 4540-5436 rupees per quintal for the Washim, Wardha, Mumbai and Latur markets respectively. The Green gram for the month of September 2019 was predicted as 5105, 5687, 5118 and 4818 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum–maximum prices range between for the months of September 2019 was rupes 4650-5789, 4009-5673, 3845-5607 and 4593-6240rupees per quintal for the Buldana, Akola, Amravati and Latur markets respectively. Black gram for the month of September 2019 was predicted as 5577, 3865, 4242 and 4724 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum–maximum prices range between for the months of September 2019 was 4500-5626, 3727-5271, 4195-4652 and 3635-4850rupees per quintal for the Mumbai, Solapur, Washim and Akola markets respectively and Chickpea for the month of April 2020 was predicted as 4272, 4301, 4317 and 4343 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum–maximum prices range between for the months of January 2020 was rupes 3408-4224, 3654-4277, 3552-4409 and 3687-4318rupees per quintal for the Buldana, Washim, Latur and Amravati markets respectively. The forecasted price values revealed an increasing or decreasing trend in the next ensuing seasons. There was no price causality observed between Pigeon pea and Dal prices. Pigeon pea prices were not affecting the current Dal price. There was no causality between Green gram and Dal prices. Green gram prices were not affecting the current Dal price. There was bidirectional causality observed between Black gram and Dal prices. Black gram prices were affecting the current Dal prices. There was no price causality observed between Dal and Chickpea prices. The prices of Flour and Chickpea exhibited no causality and not affecting the prices of each other.ThesisItem Open Access Title IMPACT OF FARM MECHANIZATION ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN VIDARBHA.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-03-15) Author MUNDE, TUKARAM BALASAHEB.; Advisor DESHMUKH, DR. R. G.Abstract The present study entitled “Impact of farm mechanization on crop productivity in Vidarbha” was undertaken to know the agricultural mechanization is the use and servicing of all types of agricultural tools, equipment and machines. Various types of agricultural operations performed on a farm seed bed preparation, cultivation, harvesting, transportation, silage cutting, feed grinding, threshing, winnowing and lifting of irrigation water etc. These operations are performed by different sources of power namely, human, animal, stationary engine, tractor, power tiller, electricity, solar and wind etc. Agricultural implements are devices attached to, pulled behind, pushed, or otherwise used with human, animal or mechanical power source to carry out an agricultural operation. Simple tabular analysis was used to study the status of farm implements and machineries at different points of times in different districts Vidarbha as compare to base year. Productivity of selected crops was worked out for the period 2000-01, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16 i.e. four-time stages based on study year. The compound growth rate is therefore estimated between two points of time i.e. the two agricultural censuses. Estimation composite index of agricultural mechanization was worked out on the basis selected indicator. (Prem Narian, 2007). Smaller value of Di indicates high level of development and higher value of Di indicate low level of development. Relationship between composite index of farm mechanization and productivity were studied using appropriate regression. The linear, quadratic, cubic, power and polynomial gave the best result. Hence, linear, quadratic, cubic, power and polynomial regression were taken into consideration. In Vidarbha, the availability of farm implements and machineries in 2005-06 over base period concluded that that lowest change was indicated 101.44 per cent in the number of ploughs while that highest 2429.60 per cent in the number of rotavators. Whereas during 2010-11 and 2015-16 ranges between 202.88 per cent to 4859.20 per cent and 398.32 per cent to 37954.78 per cent respectively the growth of rotavators was highest followed by tractors, harvesters puddlers and threshers. the productivity of cotton wheat and gram crops increased at 2010-11 over the base period and then decreased in 2015-16. during the study period. While the productivity of soybean crop decreased during 2005-06 and 2015-16 over the base period. Whereas productivity of rice crop increased during 2005-06 and 2015-16 over the base period. In Vidarbha, all selected indicators of farm mechanization the compound growth rate in 2005-06 ranges between 15.03 per cent to 90.81 per cent in 2005-06 over 2000-01. It indicates that highest growth rate of rotavators followed by tractors 84.34 per cent and harvesters 81.73 per cent and lowest growth observed ploughs in this period. In 2010-11 growth of farm mechanization was ranges between 8.33 per cent to 14.41 per cent. The comparison with 2005-06 has been lower growth rates were observed all indicators concluding that, farm mechanization indicators were reaching to stability on farm. Growth rate recorded in 2015-16 ranges between 7.50 per cent to 50.31 per cent. In this year shows that the highest growth rates in rotavators followed by tractors 43.72 per cent, electrical and diesel pumps 32.01 per cent and sprayers 22.68 per cent. It is revealed that during over study period i.e 2000-01, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16 Buldhana district secured first in mechanization. While that Gadchiroli, Bhandara and Gondiya districts retained its 11th, 10th and 9th position respectively during over study period. Amravati, Yavatmal, Nagpur and Akola districts are 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th position during 2010-11 while Amravati, Akola Yavatmal and Nagpur districts are 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th position in 2015-16. Agricultural mechanization and productivity of selected crops gave the highest R2 value in case of cotton crop i.e. 0.73 followed by gram 0.42. In wheat and rice the R2 value was same i.e. 0.37 whereas in soybean lowest R2 value was observed i.e. 0.31. It means the agricultural mechanization and productivity of selected crops explained the variation in productivity of cotton, soybean, rice, wheat and gram at the extent of 73 per cent, 31 per cent, 37 per cent, 37 per cent and 42 per cent respectively. It concludes that the year 2010-11 have highest and lowest significant effect of agricultural mechanization indicators on productivity. The availability of farm implements under the study have been over the period concluding that, the farmers are swinging over mechanization and that the significant change in farmers attitudes. The productivity of cotton wheat and gram crops increased at 2010-11 over the base period and then decreased in 2015-16. The overall scenario during the study period i.e. 2000-01 to 2015-16 concludes that, the growth performance on all twelve indicators of farm mechanization between first two points of time i.e. 2000-01 to 2005-06 was highest than the other two periods i.e. 2010-11 and 2015-16. It is revealed that during over study period i.e 2000-01, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16 Buldhana district secured first in mechanization indicate the change in development. While that Gadchiroli, Bhandara and Gondiya districts retained its 11th, 10th and 9th position respectively during over study period. agricultural mechanization and productivity of selected crops explained the variation in productivity of cotton, soybean, rice, wheat and gram at the extent of 73 per cent, 31 per cent, 37 per cent, 37 per cent and 42 per cent respectively. It concludes that the year 2010-11 have highest and lowest significant effect of agricultural mechanization indicators on productivity. Linear model was best fitted for relationship between rice productivity and farm mechanization in 2015-16 year was higher significant R2 effect of farm mechanization indicators on crop productivity. Linear model was best fitted for relationship between wheat productivity and farm mechanization in 2000-01 and 2010-11 year was higher significant R2 effect of farm mechanization indicators on crop productivity.ThesisItem Open Access Title ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIVESTOCK INSURANCE SCHEME IN AMRAVATI DIVISION.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-03-03) Author CHAVAN, VIVEK UTTAM.; Advisor DESHMUKH, DR. R. G.Abstract The present study, “Economic Evaluation of Livestock Insurance Scheme In Amravati Division” was carried out during 2015-16 & 2006-07, 2011-12 and 2016-17 i.e. Secondary data were selected for the three-point of time as per the latest animal censuses. The objectives of study were to identify Performance of livestock insurance Scheme and Coverage, Premium paid, and Indemnity Received. Livestock sector is an important sector to the agriculture, especially in strengthening rural economy. The supplemental income derived from rearing of livestock is a great source of support to the farmer facing uncertainties of crop production, apart from providing sustenance to poor and landless farmers. Due to the steady increase in population and an inefficient distribution of resources, a majority of poor households have very little or no agricultural land to engage in cropping activities. In Vidarbha region, farmer suicide is serious and current issue. For minimizing and avoiding death of farmers they must have kept livestock with them, as their subsidiary income will rise and also must have insurance for their livestock, it will be beneficial for them in critical condition. The present study was based on primary and secondary data collected from different Sources of government publications and insurance companies.i.e.New India Insurance Company and United India Insurance Company. The data study for the three periods of times i.e. 2005-06, 2011-12 and 2015-16. The Livestock which covered more than 99 per cent of the total Livestock populations considered for study. Simple tabular analysis was used to Evaluate Performance, Extent of coverage of insured animals, premium paid and indemnity given in selected Districts of Amravati division. In order to study the problems faced by livestock owners and official data for the year 2015-16,Garratt ranking method has been used In order to study fourth objective, financial viability of the insurance company was calculated by claim to premium percentage. The performance of New India Insurance company recorded the increasing in number of owners overall the districts during the study period and also no of policies in all the districts. Sizeable number of owners were observed who were insuring their animals during their study period. About 3 thousand animals who insured their animal during the base year that crossed 15 thousand at the end of study period. Identical picture was observed in the performance of United India Insurance Company indicting the change in attitude of farmers towards animal insurance as a result of company efforts and value of animals. The constraints analysis for livestock owners indicated that poor information about the livestock insurance scheme then no need of livestock insurance and also the insurance premium was not affordable to the farmers. The number of animals covered and sum insured increased in New India Insurance Company during the study period. Number of policies exibitated increasing trend in light of important of animals and animal cost. Farmers are benefitted as and hence attracted towards the livestock insurance. Therefore it is suggested that animal husbandry department and department of agriculture Government of Maharashtra should make joint efforts in colibration with insurance companies so that the number of animals insured will be increased gradually.ThesisItem Open Access Title MARKET INTEGRATION AND PRICE VOLATILITY OF PULSES IN MAHARASHTRA.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-02-03) WAVDHANE, VINOD PUNDLIK.; Deshmukh, Dr. R. G.Abstract The research entitled “Market Integration and Price Volatility of Pulses in Maharashtra” was carried out with objectives to study the seasonal and cyclical variations in prices and arrivals of Pulses, to assess the stationarity and volatility in prices of Pulses, to assess the co-integration and causality of price signals among selected markets of Pulses, to study the relationship between spot and future prices of Pigeon pea (Tur) and Chickpea (Gram), to forecast the prices of Pulses for the selected markets, and to study the relationship between pulses prices and there processed product. For study purpose the data related to monthly average prices and arrivals of selected Pulses were collected for major APMC’s markets of Maharashtra for the period 2005 to 2016. Major four market are selected for each commodity i.e. Pigeon pea was Washim, Wardha, Mumbai and Latur. Green gram was Buldhana, Akola, Amravati and Latur. Black gram was Mumbai, Solapur, Washim and Akola. Chickpea was Buldhana, Washim, Latur and Amravati markets. Simple average method was used to estimate seasonal variations and Residual Method for cyclical variations. The econometric tools like ADF test, Johansen’s Multiple Co-integration test, Pair-wise Granger Causality Test, ARCH-GARCH, Vector Error Correction models and ARIMA models were also used. The prices of Pigeon pea were higher from the month of July to October. Green gram and Black gram was higher from the months of April to June and Chickpea was higher from the months of July to December in the selected markets. The higher prices of Pigeon pea recorded during the year 2005, 2006, 2009, 2015 and 2016. Green gram and Black gram was 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Chickpea was 2005, 2006, 2012 and 2016 in the selected markets. The peak period of arrivals of Pigeon pea in the selected markets was January to May. Green gram and Black gram was September to December and Chickpea was February to April for every years. There was observed that inverse relation between prices and arrivals. The higher arrivals of Pigeon pea were recorded during the years 2005, 2010, 2011, 2013 and 2016. Green gram and Black gram was 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2016. Chickpea was 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 in the selected markets. The price series of all selected Pulses markets was non - stationary at level with lag 1 and all markets prices series became stationary after 1st order difference. The ARCH-GARCH analysis showed that volatility shocks in the prices of Pulses were persistent in the selected markets of Pulses in Maharashtra. The selected markets having long run equilibrium relationship for the prices of selected Pulses and there exists co-integration among them as indicated by the results of Johansen’s multiple co-integration test. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Pigeon pea prices between Wardha and Latur, Washim and Latur, Washim and Mumbai markets respectively. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Green gram prices between Latur and Akola, Buldhana and Amravati markets respectively. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Black gram prices between Solapur and Akola, Solapur and Mumbai, Washim and Mumbai, Washim and Solapur markets respectively. The prices were bi-directional causality observed in Chickpea prices between Buldhana and Amravati, Washim and Amravati, Latur and Buldhana markets respectively. The estimates of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in Pigeon pea prices revealed that Mumbai, Wardha and Washim markets attain short run equilibrium rapidly. Green gram prices observed that Amravati and Buldhana markets attain short run equilibrium rapidly. Black gram prices recorded that only Washim market attained short run equilibrium rapidly and Chickpea prices were showed that Amravati and Latur markets attain short run equilibrium rapidly. The Pigeon pea and Chickpea prices of spot and future markets having long run equilibrium relationship and there exists co-integration between them as indicated by the results of Johansen’s Multiple Co-integration Test. The prices have no causality between Spot and Future markets of Pigeon pea. Spot market prices were not affecting the current Future market price. The prices have showed unidirectional causality between future and spot market prices of Chickpea. Future market prices were affecting the current spot market price. So, the influence of future prices plays a significant role over the spot market prices. The forecasted prices of Pigeon pea for the month of April 2020 was predicted as 5609, 5258, 6518 and 5836 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum-maximum prices range for the months of January 2020 wasrupes 4664-5139, 4700-5270, 4922-6442 and 4540-5436 rupees per quintal for the Washim, Wardha, Mumbai and Latur markets respectively. The Green gram for the month of September 2019 was predicted as 5105, 5687, 5118 and 4818 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum–maximum prices range between for the months of September 2019 was rupes 4650-5789, 4009-5673, 3845-5607 and 4593-6240rupees per quintal for the Buldana, Akola, Amravati and Latur markets respectively. Black gram for the month of September 2019 was predicted as 5577, 3865, 4242 and 4724 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum–maximum prices range between for the months of September 2019 was 4500-5626, 3727-5271, 4195-4652 and 3635-4850rupees per quintal for the Mumbai, Solapur, Washim and Akola markets respectively and Chickpea for the month of April 2020 was predicted as 4272, 4301, 4317 and 4343 rupees per quintal and the actual minimum–maximum prices range between for the months of January 2020 was rupes 3408-4224, 3654-4277, 3552-4409 and 3687-4318rupees per quintal for the Buldana, Washim, Latur and Amravati markets respectively. The forecasted price values revealed an increasing or decreasing trend in the next ensuing seasons. There was no price causality observed between Pigeon pea and Dal prices. Pigeon pea prices were not affecting the current Dal price. There was no causality between Green gram and Dal prices. Green gram prices were not affecting the current Dal price. There was bidirectional causality observed between Black gram and Dal prices. Black gram prices were affecting the current Dal prices. There was no price causality observed between Dal and Chickpea prices. The prices of Flour and Chickpea exhibited no causality and not affecting the prices of each other.ThesisItem Open Access Title IMPACT OF FARM MECHANIZATION ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN VIDARBHA.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-03-03) MUNDE, TUKARAM BALASAHEB.; DESHMUKH, DR. R. G.Abstract The present study entitled “Impact of farm mechanization on crop productivity in Vidarbha” was undertaken to know the agricultural mechanization is the use and servicing of all types of agricultural tools, equipment and machines. Various types of agricultural operations performed on a farm seed bed preparation, cultivation, harvesting, transportation, silage cutting, feed grinding, threshing, winnowing and lifting of irrigation water etc. These operations are performed by different sources of power namely, human, animal, stationary engine, tractor, power tiller, electricity, solar and wind etc. Agricultural implements are devices attached to, pulled behind, pushed, or otherwise used with human, animal or mechanical power source to carry out an agricultural operation. Simple tabular analysis was used to study the status of farm implements and machineries at different points of times in different districts Vidarbha as compare to base year. Productivity of selected crops was worked out for the period 2000-01, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16 i.e. four-time stages based on study year. The compound growth rate is therefore estimated between two points of time i.e. the two agricultural censuses. Estimation composite index of agricultural mechanization was worked out on the basis selected indicator. (Prem Narian, 2007). Smaller value of Di indicates high level of development and higher value of Di indicate low level of development. Relationship between composite index of farm mechanization and productivity were studied using appropriate regression. The linear, quadratic, cubic, power and polynomial gave the best result. Hence, linear, quadratic, cubic, power and polynomial regression were taken into consideration. In Vidarbha, the availability of farm implements and machineries in 2005-06 over base period concluded that that lowest change was indicated 101.44 per cent in the number of ploughs while that highest 2429.60 per cent in the number of rotavators. Whereas during 2010-11 and 2015-16 ranges between 202.88 per cent to 4859.20 per cent and 398.32 per cent to 37954.78 per cent respectively the growth of rotavators was highest followed by tractors, harvesters puddlers and threshers. the productivity of cotton wheat and gram crops increased at 2010-11 over the base period and then decreased in 2015-16. during the study period. While the productivity of soybean crop decreased during 2005-06 and 2015-16 over the base period. Whereas productivity of rice crop increased during 2005-06 and 2015-16 over the base period. In Vidarbha, all selected indicators of farm mechanization the compound growth rate in 2005-06 ranges between 15.03 per cent to 90.81 per cent in 2005-06 over 2000-01. It indicates that highest growth rate of rotavators followed by tractors 84.34 per cent and harvesters 81.73 per cent and lowest growth observed ploughs in this period. In 2010-11 growth of farm mechanization was ranges between 8.33 per cent to 14.41 per cent. The comparison with 2005-06 has been lower growth rates were observed all indicators concluding that, farm mechanization indicators were reaching to stability on farm. Growth rate recorded in 2015-16 ranges between 7.50 per cent to 50.31 per cent. In this year shows that the highest growth rates in rotavators followed by tractors 43.72 per cent, electrical and diesel pumps 32.01 per cent and sprayers 22.68 per cent. It is revealed that during over study period i.e 2000-01, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16 Buldhana district secured first in mechanization. While that Gadchiroli, Bhandara and Gondiya districts retained its 11th, 10th and 9th position respectively during over study period. Amravati, Yavatmal, Nagpur and Akola districts are 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th position during 2010-11 while Amravati, Akola Yavatmal and Nagpur districts are 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th position in 2015-16. Agricultural mechanization and productivity of selected crops gave the highest R2 value in case of cotton crop i.e. 0.73 followed by gram 0.42. In wheat and rice the R2 value was same i.e. 0.37 whereas in soybean lowest R2 value was observed i.e. 0.31. It means the agricultural mechanization and productivity of selected crops explained the variation in productivity of cotton, soybean, rice, wheat and gram at the extent of 73 per cent, 31 per cent, 37 per cent, 37 per cent and 42 per cent respectively. It concludes that the year 2010-11 have highest and lowest significant effect of agricultural mechanization indicators on productivity. The availability of farm implements under the study have been over the period concluding that, the farmers are swinging over mechanization and that the significant change in farmers attitudes. The productivity of cotton wheat and gram crops increased at 2010-11 over the base period and then decreased in 2015-16. The overall scenario during the study period i.e. 2000-01 to 2015-16 concludes that, the growth performance on all twelve indicators of farm mechanization between first two points of time i.e. 2000-01 to 2005-06 was highest than the other two periods i.e. 2010-11 and 2015-16. It is revealed that during over study period i.e 2000-01, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16 Buldhana district secured first in mechanization indicate the change in development. While that Gadchiroli, Bhandara and Gondiya districts retained its 11th, 10th and 9th position respectively during over study period. agricultural mechanization and productivity of selected crops explained the variation in productivity of cotton, soybean, rice, wheat and gram at the extent of 73 per cent, 31 per cent, 37 per cent, 37 per cent and 42 per cent respectively. It concludes that the year 2010-11 have highest and lowest significant effect of agricultural mechanization indicators on productivity. Linear model was best fitted for relationship between rice productivity and farm mechanization in 2015-16 year was higher significant R2 effect of farm mechanization indicators on crop productivity. Linear model was best fitted for relationship between wheat productivity and farm mechanization in 2000-01 and 2010-11 year was higher significant R2 effect of farm mechanization indicators on crop productivity.ThesisItem Open Access Title ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LIVESTOCK INSURANCE SCHEME IN AMRAVATI DIVISION.(Publisher : Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra., 2022-02-02) CHAVAN, VIVEK UTTAM.; DESHMUKH, DR. R. G.Abstract The present study, “Economic Evaluation of Livestock Insurance Scheme In Amravati Division” was carried out during 2015-16 & 2006-07, 2011-12 and 2016-17 i.e. Secondary data were selected for the three-point of time as per the latest animal censuses. The objectives of study were to identify Performance of livestock insurance Scheme and Coverage, Premium paid, and Indemnity Received. Livestock sector is an important sector to the agriculture, especially in strengthening rural economy. The supplemental income derived from rearing of livestock is a great source of support to the farmer facing uncertainties of crop production, apart from providing sustenance to poor and landless farmers. Due to the steady increase in population and an inefficient distribution of resources, a majority of poor households have very little or no agricultural land to engage in cropping activities. In Vidarbha region, farmer suicide is serious and current issue. For minimizing and avoiding death of farmers they must have kept livestock with them, as their subsidiary income will rise and also must have insurance for their livestock, it will be beneficial for them in critical condition. The present study was based on primary and secondary data collected from different Sources of government publications and insurance companies.i.e.New India Insurance Company and United India Insurance Company. The data study for the three periods of times i.e. 2005-06, 2011-12 and 2015-16. The Livestock which covered more than 99 per cent of the total Livestock populations considered for study. Simple tabular analysis was used to Evaluate Performance, Extent of coverage of insured animals, premium paid and indemnity given in selected Districts of Amravati division. In order to study the problems faced by livestock owners and official data for the year 2015-16,Garratt ranking method has been used In order to study fourth objective, financial viability of the insurance company was calculated by claim to premium percentage. The performance of New India Insurance company recorded the increasing in number of owners overall the districts during the study period and also no of policies in all the districts. Sizeable number of owners were observed who were insuring their animals during their study period. About 3 thousand animals who insured their animal during the base year that crossed 15 thousand at the end of study period. Identical picture was observed in the performance of United India Insurance Company indicting the change in attitude of farmers towards animal insurance as a result of company efforts and value of animals. The constraints analysis for livestock owners indicated that poor information about the livestock insurance scheme then no need of livestock insurance and also the insurance premium was not affordable to the farmers. The number of animals covered and sum insured increased in New India Insurance Company during the study period. Number of policies exibitated increasing trend in light of important of animals and animal cost. Farmers are benefitted as and hence attracted towards the livestock insurance. Therefore it is suggested that animal husbandry department and department of agriculture Government of Maharashtra should make joint efforts in colibration with insurance companies so that the number of animals insured will be increased gradually.
