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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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End date: 2014 × Start date: 2013 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    Influence of Growth Promoting Substances and PGR’s on Flowering, Fruiting, Yield and Quality of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia swingle) cv.Kagzi
    (JNKVV, 2013) Patel, Neha; Pandey, S.K.
    Abstract The present study entitled “Influence of growth promoting substances and PGR’s on flowering, fruiting, yield and quality of acid lime cv. Kagzi (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)” was carried out of fruit Research Station, Imalia, JNKVV, Jabalpur during 2011-12 and 2012-13. The plants selected for trail were of similar age and vigour those received identical cultural treatments. The plant growth regulators viz., NAA (10, 20 and 30 ppm), 2,4-D (10, 15 and 20 ppm), GA3 (25, 50, and 100 ppm), growth promoting substances were urea (1, 2 and 3%) and ZnSO4 (0.4 and 0.5%). Equeous solution of above these chemicals were sprayed at 50% flowering and pea stage of fruit set. A water sprayed control was added and this made 21 treatments. The experiments was set up in a randomized block design with three replication. One plant was taken for each treatment in each replication. Percentage of male and perfect flowers were find out on the basis of counts per shoot at full bloom stage. Fruit set and retention percentage at various stages were recorded and the percentage of fruit drop was determined on the basis of initial number of fruit set and number of fruits retained after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after fruit set. The data tabulated for the year 2011-12 and 2012-13 separately and pooled of the two years. The data analyse as per appropriate statistical method. All the treatments at various concentrations significantly reduced fruit drop percentage. Minimum (5.60%) pin head size drop was noted with 20 ppm NAA, which is very close to urea 2 percent (6.13%) and maximum (20.96%) was recorded under control. Application of NAA at 20 ppm (11.71%) concentration significantly reduces the pea size fruit drop which was minimum (11.56) followed by urea 2% (18.80), while it was maximum in control (35.60%), Whereas, pre harvest fruit drop was reduced significantly by all the treatments over control. The minimum (8.36%) pre harvest drop was obtained with NAA 20 ppm, followed by urea 2 % (10.06%), while maximum (21.52%) fruit drop was noticed under control. The application of growth promoting substances and PGR’s increased the size of fruits with respect to length and diameter. Maximum length (2.28, 2.92, 3.71 and 4.97 cm) and diameter (1 .87, 2.17, 3.19 and 4.33 cm) of fruit after 60, 90, 120 days of fruit set and at harvest respectively were due to GA3 50 ppm + ZnSO4 (0.4%). On the other hand minimum fruit length and diameter of fruits at various stages of fruit growth and at harvest estimated under control. The weight of fruits were significantly increased with the spray of GA3 50 ppm (46.79 g) and NAA 20 ppm (45.78 9), While minimum (29.40 g) weight per fruit at harvest was noted under control. It was observed during the investigation that application of urea, NAA, 2,4-D GA3 and ZnSo4 at full bloom and pea stage of fruit set, significantly increased fruit retention percentage. Maximum fruit retention and minimum fruit drop percentage at different stages was obtained with the application of NAA 20 ppm followed by urea 2 percent and 2, 4-D 10 ppm. The fruit length and diameter was increase by this application of GA3 50 ppm + ZnSO4 (0.4%) and noted maximum under this treatments. Similarly, T.S.S., acidity, and ascorbic acid content improved by the spray of GA3 50 ppm + ZnSO4 (0.4%). The maximum values was recorded under GA3 50 ppm + ZnSO4 (0.4%). Yield of fruits was also increased significantly with the application of NAA 20 ppm followed by urea 2 percent.
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    Production Potential and Economic Viability of Food-Forage Based Cropping Sequence Under Irrigated Conditions of Jabalpur (M.P.)
    (JNKVV, 2013) Shrivastava, Arti; Jha, Girish
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Production potential and economic viability of food-forage based cropping sequence under irrigated conditions of Jabalpur (M.P.)” was conducted at AICRP on forage crops, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.). The experiment was conducted in randomized block design replicated three times with 10 food-forage based cropping sequences viz., hybrid napier + ricebean – hybrid napier + berseem – hybrid napier + ricebean, maize (baby corn) + ricebean – berseem – maize (baby corn) + ricebean, maize (baby corn) + ricbebean – oat – maize (baby corn) + ricebean, maize (baby corn) + ricebean – berseem – maize (fodder) + ricebean, maize (baby corn) + ricebean – oat – maize (fodder) + ricebean, maize (green cob) + ricebean – berseem – maize (green cob) + ricebean, maize (green cob) + ricbean – oat – maize (green cob) + ricbean, maize (green cob) + ricbean – berseem – maize (fodder) + ricbean, maize (green cob) + ricbean – oat – maize (fodder) + ricebean and rice – berseem – moong. The salient findings of the investigation are briefly summarized as below - Productivity of the cropping system Among ten crop sequences tested maize (baby corn) + ricebean – berseem – maize (baby corn) + ricebean cropping sequence led to record the maximum productivity (2842.37 q/ha/year) in terms of maize green fodder equivalent yield as well as production efficiency of (11.34 q/ha/day). Hybrid napier + ricebean – hybrid napier + berseem – hybrid napier + ricebean obtained minimum maize green fodder equivalent yield (1371.37 q/ha/year) and production efficiency of (4.22 q/ha/year), but it recorded maximum (88.89%) LUE. Maize (baby corn) + ricebean – oat – maize (baby corn) crop sequence registered minimum (57.94%) LUE. Total dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre yield Total dry matter yield was found maximum under (357.88 q/ha) and minimum in crop sequence (244.97 q/ha). Total crude protein yield was recorded highest in crop sequence of maize (green cob) + ricebean – berseem – maize (fodder) + ricebean (40.26 q/ha) whereas lowest in rice – berseem – moong (23.60 q/ha) crop sequence. In regard to total crude fibre yield, maize (baby corn) + ricebean – oat – maize (fodder) + ricebean crop sequence ranked first among all food-forage based cropping sequence which obtained (103.49 q/ha) crude fibre yield. Perennial grass sequence of hybrid napier + ricebean – hybrid napier + berseem – hybrid napier +| ricebean registered minimum crude fibre yield (71.35 q/ha). Energy budget of the food-forage crop sequence Hybrid napier + ricebean – hybrid napier + berseem – hybrid napier + ricebean crop sequence recorded highest energy use efficiency (31.33 MJ/ha) and minimum output efficiency (1052 MJ/ha). EUE was recorded lowest in the maize (baby corn) + ricebean – oat – maize (baby corn) + ricebean (20.31 MJ/ha). Maximum energy productivity obtained by maize (baby corn) + ricebean – berseem - maize (baby corn) + ricebean (4.61 kg/MJ) but in regard of specific energy it was minimum in this sequence (21.65 MJ/kg). The total energy input requirement was highest in maize (green cob) + ricebean – oat – maize (green cob) and maize (green cob) + ricebean – oat – maize (fodder) + ricebean (64.1 x 103 MJ/ha) crop sequences whereas minimum in perennial grass sequence (36.5 x 103 MJ/ha). But in regard of energy output, it was recorded maximum in maize (green cob) + ricebean – berseem – maize (fodder) + ricebean (65.2 x 103 MJ/ha) crop sequence. The lowest energy output and energy balance were recorded by hybrid napier grass sequence (341 x 103 MJ/ha) and (304 x 103 MJ/ha) respectively. Effect of different food-forage cropping sequence on total uptake and soil fertility status Crop sequence maize (green cob) + ricebean – berseem – maize (fodder) + ricebean recorded the maximum uptake of N (642.1 q/ha) followed by maize (baby corn) + ricebean – berseem – maize (fodder) + ricebean (639.7 q/ha) whereas minimum uptake of N was noted with rice – berseem – moong crop sequence (386.3 q/ha). Total uptake of P was noticed maximum in maize (baby corn) + ricebean – oat – maize (fodder) + ricebean (103.4 q/ha) and minimum in hybrid napier crop sequence (587.9 q/ha). Existing crop sequence rice – berseem – moong registerd (61.2 q/ha) total P uptake. Uptake of K was highest in maize (baby corn) + ricebean – oat – maize (baby corn) + ricebean (757.0 q/ha) and lowest in hybrid napier + ricebean – hybrid napier + berseem – hybrid napier + ricebean (435.9 q/ha). Based on data pertaining to changes in soil properties after completion of 2 crop cycles of various crop sequences were safe to maintain the soil properties. But continuous hybrid napier cropping gave an indication for depletion of OC in the soil after completion of 2 cycles of the rotation. The enhancement in fertility status of soils may be attributed to inclusion of legumes in all crop sequences. Employment generation Hybrid napier + ricebean – hybrid napier + berseem – hybrid napier + ricebean sequence recorded highest employment generation efficiency (0.80 mandays/ha/day). In this regard, maize (baby corn) + ricebean – oat – maize (baby corn) + ricebean crop sequence registered minimum employment generation efficiency (0.54 man days/ha/day). Economics of the crop sequences
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    Effect of Planting Management on Growth Analysis and Production Efficiency of Rice Hybrid and Inbred Under System of Rice Intensification and Direct Seeding of Sprouted Seeds in Puddled Field
    (JNKVV, 2013) Mehra, Jaiprakash; Upadhyay, V.B.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Effect of planting management on growth analysis and production efficiency of rice hybrid and inbred under system of rice intensification and direct seeding of sprouted seeds in puddled field” was carried out at Krishi Nagar Farm, Adhartal Department of Agronomy, JNKVV, Jabalpur during kharif season of 2009-10 and 2010-11. The study was planned with a view to maximize the production efficiency and monetary advantage in rice by adopting suitable varieties planting depth and methods of planting. The soil of the experimental field was sandy clay loam in texture, neutral in reaction (7.5 pH) with medium OC (0.68%) content and analyzing low in available N (265 kg/ha, and P (7.99 kg/ha) and high in available K (295 kg/ha) content. Twelve treatment combinations consisted with three varieties (hybrid pro-Agro 6444, JRH-5 and inbred Sugandha-3) and two depths of planting (2.5 cm and 5.0 cm) as main plot treatment and two planting methods viz., System of rice intensification and direct seeding of sprouted seeds as sub plot treatments were tested in split – plot design with four replications. The climate of the region is sub-tropical with hot dry summers and cool dry winters with an average rainfall of about 1350 mm. The weather conditions during 2009-10 was not so favourable for both the rice variety JRH-5 and Sugandha-3. Sowing of three rice varieties in nurseries was done on June 29th and July 12th during 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively. Seed rate of 5 and 15 kg/ha for system of rice intensification and direct seeding of sprouted seeds, respectively with spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm. The pre and post harvest observations were recorded on various growth parameters, yield attributing characters, grain and straw yields and harvest index. The economics of different treatment as per hectare area basis was made. Finally the data were interpreted and effect of different treatment on various growth and yield attributing characters were summarized as under. Rice hybrid Pro-Agro 6444 was markedly superior in growth parameters viz., plant height , tillers/hill, LAI, dry matter production/hill, CGR and root characteristics (no. of primary roots/ hill, length, fresh and dry weight of roots) over hybrid JRH-5 and inbred Sugandha-3. Thus, it had superiority in various yield attributing characters viz; effective tillers/hill, weight of panicles, seeds/panicle, test weight, healthy grains/panicle, less no. of chaffy grains/panicle and more harvest index etc. Ultimately, hybrid rice Pro-Agro 6444 produced significantly higher grain (73.98 q/ha) and straw (169.38 q/ha) yields over JRH-5 having grain yield of 60.72 q/ha and straw yield of 155.38 q/ha and Sugandha-3 having grain yield of 42.69 q/ha and straw yields of 106.72 q/ha. The cultivation of hybrid pro-Agro 6444 proved to be more remunerative with regards to higher net monetary returns (Rs. 37762.23/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (2.17) than that of JRH-5 and Sugandha-3. Almost all the growth parameters were significantly higher in shallow depth (2.5 cm ) of planting viz; plant height, no of tillers/hill, LAI, root characteristics, CGR, and dry matter production/hill than deeper planting depth (5.0 cm). Consequently, yield attributing characters viz; panicle length and weight, filled grains/panicle, test weight, low sterility percentage and numerically higher harvest index (HI) were superior with the shallow depth of planting, which ultimately produced higher grain (60.84 q/ha) and straw (147.22 q/ha) yields than that of deeper planting depth. Deeper planting of seedlings and sprouted seeds faced the adverse effect on growth parameters, resulting into lower yield attributing characters thus, they produced lesser yields. The system of rice intensification was superior than direct seeding of sprouted seeds with regard to plant height, no of tillers/hill, LAI, CGR, RGR and root characteristics were also better with it, which resulted into more dry matter accumulation by plants/m2. As a consequence, system of rice intensification led to recorded superior yields attributes viz; panicle length and weight, filled grains/ panicle, test weight and HI which ultimately contributed to produce higher grain (59.99 q/ha) and straw (145.48 q/ha) yields. Thus, system of rice intensification appeared to be optimum for efficient utilization of resources of micro-environments viz; space, light, water and nutrients. The system of rice intensification proved to be more remunerative with regards to higher net monetary returns (Rs. 24553.99/ha) than direct seeding of sprouted seeds (Rs 23679.43/ha). The cost of cultivation did not differ due to different varieties (Sugandha-3, JRH-5 and Pro-Agro 6444) and planting depths (2.5 cm and 5.0 cm) but, varying in planting methods. In system of rice intensification greater expenditure was incurred for nursery raising, transplanting of seedlings than direct seeding of sprouted seeds. Both, GMR and NMR values were higher in late duration rice variety Pro-Agro 6444 as against early duration rice variety JRH-5 and medium duration rice variety Sugandha-3. Thus, the former variety was more remunerative with B:C ratio of 2.17 than the JRH-5 with B:C ratio of 1.81 and Sugandha-3 with B:C ratio of 1.27. The higher GMR and NMR were obtained under shallow depth of planting (2.5 cm) than deeper planting depth (5.0 cm). Thus, the former planting depth was more remunerative with B:C ratio of 1.80 than the deeper planting depth with B:C ratio of 1.70. System of rice intensification fetched higher GMR and NMR values (Rs. 56817.74 and 24553.99/ha) than direct seeding of sprouted seeds. However, the B:C ratio was more in system of rice intensification (1.76) than direct seeding of sprouted seeds (1.74). The overall view of economic analysis revealed that late duration rice Pro-Agro 6444 with shallow depth of planting under system of rice intensification was more remunerative and fetching higher GMR, NMR returns and B:C ratio.