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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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201618
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Subject: Plant Pathology × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 18
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Prevalence and management of major diseses of garlic
    (JNKVV, 2016) Prahlad; Bhale, Usha
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    Radiation induced mutation for resistance against dry root rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (JNKVV, 2016) Shivajirao, Pawar Maruti; Gupta, Om
    ABSTRACT Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important cool-season food legume grown extensively throughout the Indian subcontinent. In India chickpea is being grown in 8.32 million hectare with production of 9.8 million tonnes and 925 - kg/ha productivity (Project coordinators report, 2015-16). Dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola is becoming serious disease under the changing climate scenario resistant sources in the available genotypes / varieties is the demand of the day. Present investigation entitled “Radiation Induced Mutation for Resistance against Dry Root Rot of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was aimed at identification of suitable mutant or a combination of mutants influencing resistance to dry root rot in chickpea. The experimental material was consisted of the population of three selected cultivars of chickpea (JG 63, JG 74, and JG 130) grown in factorial randomized block design in the Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur (M.P) under AICRP on chickpea project during Rabi 2014-15 first season 2015-16 Kharif second season offseason nursery Dharwad and Rabi 2015-2016 third season. The laboratory studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Dry seeds (10-12% moisture content) of these varieties were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays (150 GY, 200 GY and 400 GY). Another set of pre soaked seeds in distilled water (12hrs.) were treated with ethyl methane sulphonate at different concentration (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) prepared for 6 hours with constant intermitted shaking in shaker and washed under running tap water. A portion of seeds irradiated at 150 and 200 GY gamma- ray doses were also treated with 0.3% and 0.4% EMS independently for 6 hours. Present findings revealed that JG 63, JG 74, JG 130 showed significant variation in biological and physiological parameters and disease resistance against dry root rot for mutagenic treatments i.e, 200 GY, 400 GY, 0.3% EMS, 0.4% EMS, 150 GY+0.3% EMS, 200 GY+0.3% EMS. Among 11 treatments, seven have shown effect on biological traits of experimental varieties i.e. change in seedling height; decrease in germination percentage and in plant height as compared to control in M2 and M3 generations. The efficacy of Gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combination treatment for resistance in M3 progeny against the dry root rot resistance by using blotter paper technique and sick field screening concluded that 200 GY treatment of physical mutagen, combination treatment of 200 GY+0.2% EMS and in chemical treatment 0.3% EMS shows dry root rot resistance against JG 63 and highly susceptible against two varieties JG 74 and JG130 in M3 generation. JG 63 possess maximum relative water content percent, maximum chlorophyll content and minimum leakage of ions in membrane stability index percent and less percent mortality due to dry root rot and considered as resistant as compared to other varieties JG 74 and JG 130 at different mutagenic treatments in M3 generation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    Prevalence of diseases and mycroflora associated with rice seeds and its impact on sowing seed quality
    (JNKVV, 2016) Teja, Tejavath Ramya; Bhale, M.S.
    Rice (Oryza sativa L., Family : Poaceae) is an important staple food for more than 60% of the world population and its production has direct effect on food security. Worldwide, it is grown in 162 million hectare with an annual production of about 678.7 million tonnes. In India, rice covers 43.8 m ha area of which Madhya Pradesh occupies 14.9 m ha. In M.P. this area include 2.37 m ha under irrigated, 2.63 m ha under upland and 9.94 m ha under drought prone rainfed lowland agro-ecosystem. Present investigation entitled “ Prevalence of mycoflora associated with rice seeds and its impact on sowing seed quality” was aimed at identification of genetic resources resistant to diseases. The experimental material consisted of genetic stock of 30 rice varieties, 8 hybrids, 13 A lines, 13 NPT lines and 24 land races. Status of brown spot (Helminthosporium oryzae), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), blast (Magnaporthe grisea), false smut (Ustilaginoidea virens), bunt (Tilletia barclayana) was determined in random plot survey method based on the field diagnostic symptoms with the help of available keys. Overall incidence of brown spot (Helminthosporium oryzae) and false smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) was up to 19% in 30 rice varieties screened. Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) ranged highest of all with 49% in variety Mahamaya, however, 18 varieties showed no incidence of blast. Bunt ranged 0.01-0.03% in 7 varieties. Similar investigations were carried for 8 hybrids which showed that 2 hybrids had no incidence of false smut and 6 hybrids were free from bunt pathogen. Sheath blight incidence ranged highest (22%) in JRH 8, brown spot ranged up to 15%. No incidence of blast was noticed in any of hybrids. Out of the 13 A lines screened incidence of brown spot and sheath blight ranged highest with 13% and 12%, respectively in 3 A. False smut ranged up to 6%. 5 A lines had no incidence of brown spot, 3 lines free of Rhizoctonia solani pathogen, 4 lines had no incidence of false smut and 7 A lines free from bunt. Similarly 13 NPT lines were screened, in which it was found that NPT 19(S) line showed highest incidence of brown spot, blast and false smut with range 5%, 4% and 5% respectively. 24 land races from 6 different agro climatic zones of Madhya Pradesh were grown and screened, out of which 15 land races were free of brown spot and false smut, 20 free of blast, 13 free from sheath blight and 24 land races had no incidence of bunt. It was found that sheath bight and false smut incidence was highest which ranged up to 11% in Badalphool and Laxshmibhoog respectively. Brown spot ranged up to 7% in Dhubraj. Status of diseases were determined in six different locations around Jabalpur through random plot survey method during kharif 2015. It was found that variety Kranti was the most susceptible to all the seven diseases at different locations with highest range. In the similar set of conditions, effect of these mycoflora on sowing seed quality was detected from composite seed samples of healthy and diseased seeds. Association of Curvularia lunata (19%) exhibited 10.58 per cent reduction in seed germination and 8.98% reduction in seed emergence in variety Mahamaya. In variety Varalu association of Alternaria alternata (24%) showed 13.09% reduction in seed germination and 11.76% reduction in seed emergence. Similarly association of Fusarium moniliforme (17%) in JRH 5 resulted 18.60% and 16.27% reduction in seed germination and seed emergence, respectively. Whereas, similar association of mycoflora with 21% of initial seed infection in MTU 1081 showed 16.47% and 10.22% reduction in seed germination and seed emergence. Seeds of MTU 1081 showed high vigour (2262) followed by JRH 5 and 31 A (2055, 1921), respectively in healthy seeds, whereas in diseased seeds vigour of MTU 1081 was higher (1650) followed by 1400 and 1365 in JRH 5 and NPT 16, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access