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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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201415
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Subject: Horticulture × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2014 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 15
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    standardization of recipe for preparation of mixed fruit leather (Guava and Papaya)
    (JNKVV, 2014) Yadav, Devendra Kumar; Jain, P.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Standardization of propagation method in jamun (Syzygium cuminii skeels)
    (JNKVV, 2014) Mahore, Dheerandra; Bisen, B.P.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on preparation and storage of mango RTS beverage
    (JNKVV, 2014) Jayswal, Dalit Kumar; Jain, P.K.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on preparation and storage period of mango RTS beverage” Was carried out in the post Harvest laboratory, Department of Horticulture, college of Agriculture, JNKVV Jabalpur (M.P) during the year 2013-14. The Main objectives of the present investigation were, to standardized the Recipe for preparation of mango RTS and to evaluate the sensory parameters and their stability at room temperature, storage and the economics of various treatments for mango RTS beverages was also worked out. Among the treatments two pulp concentration 10% & 12% pulp and 7 levels of sugar i.e. (100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 and 160 gm. per liter of RTS) were used for preparation of the RTS. The 12% pulp content Rated best in combinations with 150 gm. of sugar per liter of RTS for organoleptic parameters which are based on overall acceptability characters, whereas, the colour rating values were found best with the recipe 6rth (10%pulp + 150 gm. sugar per liter of RTS). For taste the rating of the recipe 13th was found best as compare to other recipes. However, the flavor was rated better with the recipe 13th (12% pulp + 150 gm. sugar per liter of RTS). The overall acceptability of mango RTS was decreased with the increasing storage period in all the recipes. Among the ratio of fruit pulp 12% pulp with 150 gm. of sugar found best as the values of overall acceptability is concerned. The % TSS values recorded for mango RTS increases with the increase in sugar content and storage period the highest value of % TSS was registered with recipe 14th (12% pulp + 160 gm. sugar per liter of RTS). The higher value of % acidity was recorded with the recipe 8th (12% pulp + 100 gm. sugar per liter of RTS) (0.111 %) at initial stage of observation. At initial stage the maximum (393.91) TSS/Acid ratio was recorded with the recipes 7th (10% pulp + 160 gm. sugar per liter of RTS). The value of pH at initial stage was recorded minimum in the recipe 8th and maximum value was recorded recipe 7th (6.49). The recipe 8th showed maximum ascorbic acid content and the lowest by recipe 7th. ). Economics of the treatment was calculated the minimum cost i.e. Rupees 36.0 was recorded with the recipe 1st. Whereas, the maximum cost was recorded with the recipe 14th.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of GA3 and urea spray on flowering fruit retention and fruit quality of mango cv. langra.
    (JNKVV, 2014) Rohit, Sanjay; Singh, Jagdish
    ABSTRACT Langra mango is cultivated on a large scale in eastern Madhya Pradesh especially in Rewa region. It is prone to heavy fruit drop as seen in the other commercial varieties also Investigations have shown that plant regulating substances play an important role in terms of quantity as well as quality improvement in mango urea is an important nutrient for plant growth and development. Pre-harvest spray of GA3 advances the fruit maturity and ripening by several weeks and significantly improves fruit quality and reduce spoilage losses during storage. Therefore looking to these aspects, the present investigation entitled “Effect of GA3 and urea spray on flowering, fruit retention and fruit quality of mango cv Langra, was carried out during the year 2012-13 at the Fruit Research Station, Kuthulia, College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.). The physical and chemical qualities of the treated fruits were determined in the laboratory of the department of soil science of this campus. The treatments comprised three sprays of GA3 (0, 15 and 30 ppm) and three spray of urea (0, 3 and 6%). Thus nine treatment combinations were tested in a randomised of these treatment combinations, thus the total number of mango plants under study were twenty seven. These were spaced at 10m x 10 m distance. The periodical observations related to flowering, fruit settings productivity parameters and physico- chemical parameters properties of mango fruits were taken as per recorded and standard procedures. The data so obtained were statistically computed before their presentation. The important results obtained during the present investigation are summarized as below. Phenological parameters In the present research, spraying of GA3 at 30 ppm along with 6% urea spray proved the best where the date of first appearance of flowering was earliest on 18 January. Consequently the date of 50% flowering reached earliest on 18 February and full bloom of lowering on 8 March followed by GA3 (15ppm) and 3% urea spray. Flowering behaviour The number of male and hermaphrodite flowers did not change upto significant extent due to different concentrations of GA3 and urea spray on Langra mango. Accordingly the total (male + hermaphrodite) flowers at 30ppm GA3 were lower (715.33/panicle) as against higher (777.11/panicle) at 0 ppm GA3. The reverse situation was true in case of urea spray. The total flowers at 6% urea were higher (763.22/panicle) as against lower (718.66 flowers/panicle) at 0% urea spray. Fruit settings/panicle The different concentrations of GA3 as well as urea spray did not influence significantly the pea- size, marble size and mature size fruits/panicle. However slight changes observed where in GA3 at 15ppm spray and urea 6% spray performed better over the other respective concentrations. GA3 (15ppm) recorded non-significantly higher pea size fruits (6.88/panicle), marble size fruits (1.44/panicle) and mature size fruits only 0.67panicle. Similarly urea spray at 6% brought about higher fruit settings which were 6.10, 1.55 and 0.78/panicle, respectively. Productivity parameters Different concentrations of GA3 influenced the productivity parameters significantly. Spraying of GA3 at 15 and 30ppm increased equally the number of fruits (183.55/plant) as well as equally increased the fruit yield (46.95 to 47.05 q/ha), being significantly superior to without GA3 spray. Urea spray with 6% brought about significantly higher number of fruits (192.44/plant) over the lowest urea concentrations. Even 3% urea proved significantly superior to 0% urea spray (180.77 fruits/plant) as well as equally increased the yield (q/ha) with urea spray (6 and 3%) . Physical parameters The GA3 spray treatments influenced the length and width of mango fruits significantly but not the weight of fruits. Maximum length (10.33 cm) and width (6.13 cm) was recorded under 15 ppm GA3, being significantly superior to other treatments. The increasing levels of urea spray significantly increased all physical parameters. It is apparent that the combined input of GA3 and urea further encourage all these parameters synergistically. Their additive effect was eventual. Among the physical parameters and the specific gravity was influenced significantly due to GA3 and urea spray as well as their interactions, but fibre content remained unchanged in the mango fruits. GA3 15ppm and urea 6% resulted in significantly higher specific gravity (1.01 to 1.02) over the remaining respective treatments. When both these chemicals applied together the specific gravity was further augmented upto 1.03. The pulp, peel and stone percentages in mango fruits did not change upto significant extents due to GA3 levels, however peel and stone percentages deviated significantly in higher urea levels but the pulp percentage was not significant. Physiological weight loss Irrespective of the treatments, the physiological weight loss of mango fruits was found to increase by more than two to three fold with the increase in the storage period upto 12 days. The physiological weight loss of mango fruits was influenced significantly due to GA3 and urea spray levels as well as their interactions during storage period upto 12 days. The physiological weight loss was significantly reduced due to 15 ppm GA3 followed by 30ppm GA3 at every stage of observation during storage period. Similarly 6% urea spray also resulted in minimum weight loss upto 12 days period. Thus the overall picture indicate that both GA3 and urea spray proved highly beneficial in reducing the weight loss of mango fruits during storage period. Spoilage percentage The spoilage percentage of mango fruits enhanced by multi-fold with the increase in storage period from 4 to 12 days. Thus the total spoilage percentage in different treatments ranged from 42.78 to 73.33%. The spoilage loss of mango fruits was significantly reduced due to 15 and 30ppm GA3 as well as 6% urea spray. At 12 days, the spoilage loss was minimum (42.78%) due to 15 ppm GA3 as against 73.3% under 0% GA3. Similarly, the spoilage loss minimum (49.44%) due to 6% urea spray as against 62.22% under 0% urea spray. Thus the overall picture indicate that the both GA3 as well as urea spray performed the best in reducing the fruit spoilage during storage period of mango fruits. The storage life of mango fruits at room temperature enhanced upto significant extent nearly upto two days due to 15 and 30 ppm GA3 as well as 3 and 6% urea spray over control. This was eventual because of the fact that the urea chemical or GA3 growth regulator reduced the physiological weight loss as well as spoilage percentage upto significant extent which resulted in increased storage life of the mango fruits. Organoleptic rating This includes appearance sensory score colour flower, test and texture of mango fruits which was observed after treatment with GA3 and urea spray under different concentrations. Both the levels of GA3 15 and 30ppm and urea spray (3 and 6%) resulted in significantly maximum organoleptic rating over no applications. In case of 15 and 30ppm GA3 the highest organoliptic rating ranged from 7.33 to 7.72 and incase of urea spray (3 and 6%) the maximum rating ranged from 8.22 to 8.89. In case of colour and taste, these values comes under excellent score. Chemical parameters The total sugars, reducing and non-reducing did not change due to GA3 and urea spray treatments. There were no any changes in the TSS and acidity of the mango fruits due to different concentrations of GA3. However, urea spray brought about significant changes in both these chemical parameters. Urea spray upto 6% recorded significantly higher TSS (22.350Brix) and significantly lowest acidity (0.26%). On the other hand, the reverse trend was obtained at 0% urea where TSS was significantly lowest (20.250Brix) and the acidity was significantly highest (0.30 %). The significantly lowest acidity due to 6% urea spray was recorded in mango fruits during pre-storage conditions. CONCLUSION The findings allude that GA3 (15ppm) and urea spray (6%) have significant role in augmenting productivity and physico- chemical properties of mango fruits with minimum weight loss and spoilage of fruits. SUGGESTIONS The experiment may be continued further for two years or more so that final recommendations may be made for the mango growers of this region.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of different nitrogen levels and spacings on growth and yield onion (Allium Capa L.) cv. N-53
    (2014) Verma, Vikas; Bose, U.S.
    ABSTRACT Onion(Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important commercial vegetable crop grown all over world. Onion belong to the family Amaryllidaceae. Its genus is Allium and species is cepa. Its is bulbous annual plant for bulb production and biennial for seed production. The crop is very useful for human beings because it has several nutritional and medicinal values. It contains vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, iron, fibers, pungency, is onion is due to volatile oil contain i.e. Allylpropyl disulphide (C6H12O2). The onion is useful throughout the year as salad, culinary purposes for flavouring as spices in pickles, sauce and vegetables. Keeping to the above facts in view, the present research work “Response of different nitrogen levels and spacing on growth and yield of onion(Allium cepa L.)” cv. N-53 has been undertaken with the following objectives: 1. To find out the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield of onion. 2. To study the optimum plant spacing for quality bulb production. 3. To evaluate the combined effect of nitrogen doses & spacing of onion. The present investigation entitled “Respones of different nitrogen levels and spacings on growth and yield of onion ( Allium cepa L.) var.N-53 was conducted at Nusery area Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Rewa during rabi 2012-13. The experimental was to work out the optimum requirement of spacing and nitrogen along with economic viability of the best treatment for onion. The soil of the experimental field was medium black with pH 7.5, organic carbon 0.56 percent , available nitrogen 238.33 kg/ha, available phosphorus 18.0 kg/ha available potassium 304 kg/ha and available sulphur 2.166 kg/ha. The four levels of nitrogen (0,40,80,120 kg/ha) and three spacing (15x5,15x10,15x15cm) were tasted in randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The sowing was done on 08/11/2012. Forty five days old seedlings were transplanted in main field 23/12/2012. The row to row and plant to plant distance were as per treatments. Proper water management, plant protection and weed control measures were followed uniformly in all the plots. The crops was harvested during the end of april 2013 by up rooting the matured plants in each treatment. The observations on growth parameters viz. plant height, number of leaves per plant and diameter of neck were recorded at the successive growth stages at the interval of 15 days from after transplanting upto 90 days. The yield and yield attributing characters viz. bulb weight(fresh and dry) and bulb diameter were recorded chlorophyll content and leaf area index were also recorded. The economic viability of treatment was also determined. Tabulation and statistical analysis of data recorded on previous characters was done for the interpretation of result. The salient findings of the present investigation are summarized as below. Growth parameters The growth parameter viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, width of neck were increased steadily and multi-fold, general in all treatments, with the advancement of plant growth and development up to the crop maturity. At 75 days stage, the plant height ranged from 54.96 to 68.22cm, number of leaves 11.02 to 14.73 plant, with of neck 1.55 to 1.78cm and in different treatments. This may be due to differences in the supply of nutrients and other factors from different plant spacing and nitrogen levels. Effect of plant spacings The different plants densities 15x5, 15x10 and 15x15cm spacing between plants(5,10 and 15cm) exerted significant impact upon the plant height, number of leaves/plant as well as width of neck at all the stages of observation. Adoption of wider spacing gives more space to plants, which can derive more nutrients from the soil and may help in more photosynthetic activities. Ten cm plant spacing gave 285.82q/ha yield as compared to 15x5 and 15x15cm plant spacing, whereas maximum bulb diameter(6.02cm), number of roots(74.07 plant) and fresh bulb weight(95.71g) were obtained from 15x15cm plant spacing. Length and weight of roots was also found maximum under 15x15cm spacing. Effect of nitrogen doses The nitrogen levels revealed significant changes in plant height, number of leaves and neck width at every stage of observations. The N level up to 120kg/ha increased the height(68.25cm), number of leaves(14.73/plant) and width of neck(1.78cm). The nitrogen levels revealed significantly maximum changes in chlorophyll content index and leaf area index. The significantly higher differences were recorded in fresh and dry weight of leaves, number and length of roots and fresh weight of roots. The significantly maximum bulb yield(305.95q/ha) was obtained from 120 kg N/ha. Yield attributing parameters The yield attributing characters viz., diameter of bulb and fresh weight of bulb were found to significantly due to plant spacing and nitrogen levels as well as their interactions. 120kg N/ha with 15x15cm plant spacing provided 5.75cm diameter of bulb as well as 77.74g fresh weight of bulb which were significantly maximum to other interactions. Productivity of onion The increase in plant spacing up to 15x15cm significantly increased the weight of bulb and diameter of bulb but the maximum yield(285.82q/ha) was obtained at 15x10cm plant spacing due to maximum number of plants. Each increase in nitrogen levels resulted in significantly increase in bulb yield. Thus at 120kg N/ha, the bulb yield was highest(305.95q/ha). Economical gain The crop sown in 15x10cm plant spacing applied with 120kg N/ha registered highest bulb productivity up to 321.68q/ha with the highest net income up to Rs.109307/ha with B:C ratio 3.12. The 15x10cm plant spacing gave net income of Rs.92113/ha and 120kg N/ha gave Rs. 101447/ha which were maximum with B:C 2.81 and 2.96, respectively. CONCLUSION The onion variety N-53 transplanted at 15x10cm plant spacing applied with 120kg N/ha gave the maximum bulb yield (321.68q/ha), net income (Rs.109307/ha) with B:C ratio up to 3.21. The second best combination was 15x5cm plant spacing with 120kg N/ha (315.65q/ha), Rs.106292/ha income and 3.06 B:C ratio under the existing agro-climatic condition of kymore plateau of Madhya Pradesh. SUGGESTIONS 1. In order to confirm the validity of these results the experiment should be repeated for few more years at different location in sulphur deficient soils. 2. The nitrogen doses may be increased up to 140 kg/ha in soils having higher N deficiency.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    Studies on the preparation of bael (Aegle marmelos) and mango (Mangifera indica) blended RTS its quality and storage
    (JNKVV, 2014) Dangi, Dharmendra Singh; Pandey, C.S.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on the preparation of Bael (Aegle marmelos) and Mango (Mangifera indica) blended RTS its quality & storage” was carried out in the post Harvest laboratory, Department of Horticulture, college of Agriculture, JNKVV Jabalpur (M.P) during the year 2013-2014. The Main objectives of the present investigation was to standardize the recipe for preparation of blended RTS of bael & mango, to study the Physico- chemical properties of bael & mango blended RTS during storage and to work out the economics of various treatments for blended beverages of bael & mango. The experimental material for the present investigation was 4 pulp ratio of fruits i.e. bael & mango with 4 sugar levels for preparation of RTS beverage. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (factorial arrangement) with 3 replications. Among the treatments of two fruit crops (bael & mango) with 100:00, 80:20, 60:40 & 40:60 % pulp ratio and 4 levels of sugar i.e. (90, 100, 110, & 120 gm. per litre of RTS) with 1.5g citric acid per litre of RTS were used for preparation of the blended RTS. The prepared RTS was also stored in 200ml glass bottle at room temperature. The observations on various parameters were recorded at 30 days interval from 0 to 120 days. The characters on sensory evaluation and quality of RTS were recorded. On the basis of the result the present investigation is summarised as follow: Among the ratio of pulp of both fruits for the preparation of blended RTS the ratio of 60% bael and 40% mango pulp (P3) rated best on the basis of organoleptic parameters i.e. overall acceptability, the colour, flavour and taste followed by (P4) 40% bael + 60% mango pulp. The organoleptic rating of blended RTS showed the different trend on quantity of sugar mixed in different ratio of fruit pulp. However, the recipe R3 (110gm. Sugar/lit.RTS) was better for overall quality and acceptability. The flavour rating was found best in recipe R1 (90g sugar/lit.RTS). For colour, taste and overall acceptability ratings the recipe R3 (110g. sugar/lit.RTS) were found to be best as compared to other recipes. The overall acceptability was decreased with the increasing storage period in all the treatments. The per cent TSS values of blended RTS increases with the increase in sugar content and storage period. The highest value of per cent TSS was observed in P1 fruit pulp with recipe 4th (120 gm. sugar per litre of RTS). The higher value of per cent acidity was recorded in pulp ratio (P4) at initial stage of observation. The acidity of blended RTS was increased in all the treatments with the increase in storage period. The ratio of pulp also affected the per cent acidity. It was found to be increased with the increase ratio of mango pulp. The TSS/Acid ratio of blended RTS was also influenced by the pulp ratio and various recipes. It was decreased with the increasing storage period. The ascorbic acid content (mg/100g pulp) of blended RTS decreased during storage. The maximum ascorbic acid content was found in ratio of fruit pulp P4 (40% bael + 60% mango pulp) with recipe 1st (90 gm. sugar per litre of RTS). The value of pH at initial stage was recorded minimum in the pulp ratio P4 and maximum in pulp ratio P1. It was significantly decreased with the increasing storage period. The economics of the various treatments was calculated for 10 litre of RTS (50 bottles 200ml. each). The maximum net return Rs. 373.76 with B:C ratio of 3.96:1 was observed in the treatment combination P1R1 (100% bael pulp with 90g. sugar) whereas, minimum net return Rs.360.79 with (3.56:1) B:C ratio was observed in the treatment combination P4R4 (40% bael + 60% mango with 120g. sugar). It is concluded from the studies that the blended RTS was found best with the ratio of fruit pulp P3 (60%bael+40%mango pulp) and recipe R3 (110g sugar+1.5g citric acid/lit. of RTS) because of maximum overall acceptability and storability for longer period at ambient condition.