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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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20157
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Subject: Extension Education × End date: 2015 × Start date: 2015 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on role of online communication in transfer of agricultural technology
    (JNKVV, 2015) Patidar, Rahul; Raghuwanshi, Sheela
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on knowledge of climatic change on pulse crop in Jabalpur block of Jabalpur district (M.P.)
    (JNKVV, 2015) Minj, Priti; Agrawal, S.K.
    ABSTRACT Pulses in India have long been considered as the poor man’s only source of protein as they are a low cost substitute for vegetables in periods of high prices of vegetables. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. However, pulses production has been stagnant at between 11 and 14 million tonnes over the last two decades. In India, major pulses like chickpea, lentil and pigeonpea account for 39, 10 and 21% of the total pulse production in the country (Anonymous 2009). The changing climatic conditions have a major impact on pulses (Basu et al. 2009). Pulses are reported to be particularly sensitive to heat stress at the bloom stage; only a few days exposure of high temperature (30-35ºC) can cause heavy yield losses through flower drop or pod damage (Siddique et al. 1999). The climatic parameters like rainfall and temperature are the major determinants of pulse productivity besides other factors like quality seed availability and associated biotic stresses. It is practically self-evident that deliberate efforts needed to cope up changing climate, to sustain life for coming generations apart from increasing and sustaining agricultural yields. An integrated interdisciplinary approach like (i) Replacement of cereal crops in the prevailing rice-wheat cropping systems with high yield varieties of pulses. (ii) Using short duration varieties of pulses as catch crop. (iii) Development of multiple disease and pest resistant varieties. (iv) Reducing storage loses and improving market information and infrastructure. (v) Developing high nitrogen fixing varieties and (vi) Coordination of research, extension and farmers to encourage farmer’s participatory research. The present study was conducted with the following objectives: 1. To study the profile of pulse growers. 2. To study the knowledge among pulse growers under climate change scenario. 3. To know the problems faced by the pulse growers due to climate change. 4. To study the losses in pulse crop due to climate change. 5. To record the opinions and suggestions of the pulse growers as feedback. In order to achieve these objectives the investigation was conducted in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The district comprises of 7 blocks out of which a block namely Jabalpur was selected. 5 villages i.e Banderkola, Narrie, Rajaram dungaria, Kailvas and Tikaria were selected randomly and considered for study on the basis of larger area coverage under pulse cultivation. Total 110 pulse growers were selected by using proportionate random sampling method. The data were collected through a well-structured and pre-tested interview schedule, which was prepared on the basis of objectives of the study. The collected data were analyzed in frequency, percentage, rank etc. I. Profile of pulse growers : Most of the pulse growers belonged to middle age group and acquired education upto middle school with a low annual income. Maximum of them were found to belong to the group of small farmers, found to be practicing rabi farming (pulse) in an area upto 1 ha. It was found that maximum respondents had pumpsets along with other farm power and implements. Regarding experience of the pulse cultivation it was revealed that maximum number of pulse growers had an experience of 21 to 30 years. Among different technological components the knowledge and adoption level of pulse growers about improved pulse production technology was found to be high, with a high economic motivation and high scientific orientation. Whereas they were found to have a medium score for the use of information sources and extension participation. II. Knowledge among pulse growers under climate change scenario All the pulse growers were having a good knowledge of the climate change as the monsoon was now irregular and became late, for which the pulse growers were trying to adapt by using the irrigation facilities they have. They are well aware of the increase in the occurrence of the disease and infestation of insect-pest in their field due to climate change which was mainly due to cloudy weather and rainfall. Major factors responsible for the adverse effects in agriculture production were rainfall, temperature and humidity. Majority of the farmers identified May and January as the hottest and coldest month whereas August for maximum rainfall. It was found that the rainfall had been decreasing whereas the summer, winter temperature and frost had been increasing since last 3 years. To prevent the loss farmers had already replaced their crops or were planning to do so. III. Problems faced by the pulse growers due to climate change Loss in the yield due to frost, rain, hailstorm etc, more weed growth in the field, more vegetative growth, increase in flower drop due to the erratic rainfall and frost, occurrence of more of the insect-pest & disease in the field basically all the problems lead to the less or no seed formation, being the reason for the less yield or no yield at all. IV. Losses in pulse crop due to climate change The major losses were the loss in yield due to the frost and erratic rains because of which the water enters the seed and pods resulting in the bad quality yield, which is not good for storage or sale. It was reported that since last few years the standing crop was fully destroyed or gave bare minimum yield with no profit. V. Opinions and suggestions of the pulse growers as feedback The pulse growers stated that the yield obtained was of bad quality, very low or not at all, giving very less income or no profit, the seed and pods get filled with water resulting in change in colour of seed making it impossible for storage and mostly the crop taken becomes late. Due to increased occurrences of extreme weather events the farmers have faced huge losses in the pulse crop, hence they suggested that government should provide compensation and free seed for next season, Scientists should develop certain techniques and varieties efficient to deal with the climate change, training should be given by the extension officials, and there should be crop insurance particularly for the pulse crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on impact assessment of adoption of weed management practices by the farmers of Saikheda block of Narsinghpur district
    (JNKVV, 2015) Shrivastava, Varsha; Khare, N.N.
    ABSTRACT Weeds are the most severe and widespread biological constraint to crop production and causes invisible damage till the crop is harvested. They compete with crops for soil moisture, nutrients, solar radiation and space, and thus reduces the crop yield and degrade the quality of produce besides raising cost of production. Weeds also act as alternate hosts that harbour insects, pests and diseases and other micro-organism. Total losses caused by the agricultural pests, weed contribute to as high as 37 per cent. Enhancing food and feed production to meet the demands of increasing population is possible only when biological constraints such as weed are understood properly and alleviated by evolving and implementing appropriate management strategies. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to evaluate impact on adoption of weed management practices among the farmers and identify constraint by the farmers while adopting weed management practices. The present study “A study on impact assessment of adoption of weed management practices by the farmers of Saikheda block of Narsinghpur District (M.P.)” has been undertaken with the following specific objectives :- 1. To know the profile of selected farmers. 2. To assess the impact of weed management practices. 3. To determine the extent of adoption of weed management practices. 4. To work out association between dependent and independent variable. 5. To identify constraint in adoption of weed management practices and suggestions to overcome them. In order to achieve these objectives, the investigation was carried out in Saikheda block of Narsinghpur district. Khursipar, Kamti, Pittehra, Gardha and Khairi villages were selected randomly for study. By using random sampling method 120 farmers were selected from 5 villages, from each villages respondents were selected by proportionate random sampling method. Data were collected with the help of pre-tested interview schedule. These were analysed by investigator using frequency, percentage, mean, Z test, chi- square and rank order. Conclusion In case of profile of selected farmers most of the farmers were belong to middle age group, acquired up to higher secondary education, having medium operational land holding, having farming as an occupation and having low annual income. In case of farm power most of the farmers have medium farm power, grown 3-4 crops in a year, having medium information source, having low extension participation and majority of farmers had high knowledge about weed management practices. In case of economic viability on the basis of cost of cultivation and cost of specific IWM practices, maximum farmers had medium economic viability and had medium drudgery level. In case of impact assessment of weed management practices most of the farmers had high adoption of weed management practices and due to adoption of weed management practices major weed, severity of weed and production losses was decreased. Due to adoption of weed management practices Farmers were growing more 3-4 crops and 5 crops in a year and yield of crops were increased and area, in sugarcane crop has been increased than other crops. In case of extent of adoption of weed management practices it is cleared from study that before intervention all respondents were doing hand weeding while after intervention of weed management practices almost all farmers were adopted chemical method to control weeds. After intervention of weed management practices more than half of the farmers adopted hand weeding and before intervention of weed management practices most of the farmers used bakhar to control weed, whereas after intervention most of the farmers used tractor drawn implement for mechanical weeding. It is concluded from study that before intervention of weed management practices some of the farmers applied 24-D in wheat crop and no one used herbicide to control weed and after intervention soybean growers and pigeon pea growers applied pursuit herbicide, very few farmers applied nomineegold to control weed in paddy, in wheat farmers were applied 24-D and sugarcane growers applied 24-D and metribuzin. The association between independent variable like education , operational land holding, occupation, annual income, farm power, cropping pattern, information source of utilization, knowledge of weed management practices, economic viability based on cost of cultivation and cost of specific integrated weed management practices were found to be significant with adoption of weed management practices, whereas age, extension participation and drudgery level found to be non-significant association with adoption of weed management practices. In case of reactions of the farmers all the respondents said that weed is major obstacles in crop production and integrated weed management gives better weed control and yield than traditional method. Most of them said that integrated weed management was not time consuming and costly affairs. Farmers were also aware about the preventive measures, where no one farmers known about quarantine law. While all the farmers agreed with that weeds gave shelter to insect and deteriorate quality of seed. All selected farmers said that chemical method was most economical than other methods. It is also found in the study that no one farmers applied herbicide during high wind and cloudy weather and farmers applied spray when moisture present in the field. Most of the farmers applied herbicide at recommended dose, used less than required quantity of water and most of the farmers used knapsack sprayer and flat fan nozzle to spray herbicides. All the herbicide adopters used fresh water for herbicide application and most of the respondents express that labourer availability is to some extent. The major constraint reported by the farmers for adoption of weed management practices was there is no recovery mechanism to recouped the crop if anything happened wrong due to use of herbicide, fear about residual effect on next crops, supply of spurious/adulterated material, high cost of herbicide, lack of knowledge about the precautions during spray, lack of awareness about IWM practices, less risk bearing capacity about new technology, social fear about use of herbicide, high labour charges, lack of proper technical knowledge about herbicides, lack of information on method of herbicide application. To overcome from these constraint training and demonstration should be provide regular basis and information about herbicide application and IWM practices should be publicise regularly.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access