Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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Open Access
Studies on The Management of Pod Infesting Pest Complex of Pigeonpea Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp
(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2013) Choudhary, Chatur; Veda, O. P.
Open Access
Studies on Population Dynamics and Management of Gram Pod Borer Through Biopesticides and Chemical Pesticides
(JNKVV, 2013) Meena, Purushottam; Gupta, M.P.
ABSTRACT Present research work on “Study on Population dynamics and management of gram pod borer through biopesticides and chemical pesticides” was conducted in Rabi 2012-13 at J.N.K.V.V., Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (M.P.).The experiment was conducted with the following objectives. 1. To find out the peak period of incidence of gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) in relation to weather parameters. 2. To find out the efficacy of some biopesticides and some new molecules against gram pod borer. 3. To workout the economics of the management of gram pod borer Study on Population dynamics and management of gram pod borer through biopesticides and chemical pesticides revealed that gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) was the main pests which damaged to t the crop. The infestation of H.armigera was started from the 50th SMW (11December to 17 December) and it was continued up to 13th SMW (26 March to 1 April). During the peak activity of the pest, the maximum population (8.02 larvae/mrl) was recorded in the 3rd SMW (15 January to 21 January). During this period the maximum and minimum temperature respectively were 24.30 0C and 8.77 0C, relative humidity in the morning and evening was respectively 90.86% and 49%. Correlation studies revealed that morning relative humidity exhibited significantly positive correlation (r= 0.53) with Helicoverpa armigera larval population. A negative but very weak correlation between Helicoverpa larval population and maximum temp, minimum temp., wind velocity and evaporation (r = - 0.416, -0.245, -0.07 and -0.247),respectively were observed where as positive correlation between Helicoverpa larval population and abiotic parameters viz. evening relative humidity and rainfall (r = 0.410 and 0.297) was found to be non-significant. Under chemical control nine insecticides including some newer one were tested against Helicoverpa armigera larvae in the field. All the insecticidal treatments proved to be effective in reducing overall larval population. Flubendiamide 39.35SC performed best recording lowest population (0.63 larvae per metre row length), followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (0.96 larvae/mrl), cypermethrin 25EC (1.15 larvae/mrl), fipronil 5SC (1.27 larvae/mrl), quinalphos 25EC (1.37 larvae/mrl), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (1.57 larvae/mrl), NPV (1.68 larvae/mrl) and NSKE (1.72 larvae/mrl). B.t. treated plots recorded higher population (1.91 larvae/mrl). The untreated plots recorded highest larval population (3.44 larvae/mrl) of gram pod borer. With regard to pod damage, flubendiamide 39.35SC was found best recording significantly minimum pod damage (8%) followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (9.10%), cypermethrin25EC (10.66%), fipronil 5SC (11.27%), quinalphos 25EC (12%), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (12.40%),NPV (12.70%) and NSKE (12.93%) . Among the treatments the B.t. recorded highest pod damage (13.29%). The untreated plots recorded highest pod damage (16%). Flubendiamide 39.35SC recorded significantly highest yield (1842 kg/ha). followed by indoxacarb 14.5EC (1759 kg/ha), cypermethrin 25EC (1556 kg/ha), fipronil 5SC (1494 kg/ha), quinalphos 25EC (1474 kg/ha), cartap hydrochloride 50SP (1434 kg/ha), NPV(1374 kg/ha) and NSKE (1356 kg/ha). Among the treatments the B.t. was recorded lowest yield (1323 kg/ha). The untreated plots recorded lowest yield of (1108 kg/ha). Treatment flubendiamide 39.35SC gave maximum net profit (20688 Rs/ha) among all the treatments followed by Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (17632 Rs/ha), whereas Incremental cost benefit ratio was maximum with the treatment of cypermethrin 25EC (1:9.69). The minimum net profit and Incremental cost benefit ratio was recorded in the treatment of B.t.( 3440 Rs/ha and 1:1.00),respectively.
Open Access
Studies on Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pests Of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill and their Management Through Promising Botanicals and Newer Insecticides
(JNKVV, 2013) Yadav, Shyam Sunder; Nayak, M.K.
ABSTRACT Present research work on “Studies on population dynamics of major insect pests of soybean (Glycine max ( L.) Merril) and their management through promising botanicals and newer insecticides” was conducted in kharif 2012-13 at J.N.K.V.V., Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh (M.P.).The experiment was conducted with the following objectives. 1. To find out the peak period of incidence of major insect pests of soybean in relation to weather factors. 2. To find out the efficacy of some botanicals and chemical pesticides against the major insect pests of soybean. 3. To workout the economics of the management of major insect pests of soybean. Studies on population dynamics of major insect pests of soybean (Glycine max ( L.) Merril) and their management through promising botanicals and newer insecticides revealed that white fly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), jassid, Amrasca devastans (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), green semilooper, Thysanoplusia orchalcea Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Stem fly, Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner (Diptera: Agromyzidae), girdle beetle Obereopsis bravis (coleoptera: Cerambycidae) were the main pests which damaged the crop. The green semilooper, Thysanoplusia orchalcea infested the crop from the 33rd SW (13August to 19August) to 40th SW (01Octomber to 07Octomber). During the pest activity, the maximum population (2.30 larvae/mrl) was recorded in the 35th SW (27August to 02September). . During the peak larval population the maximum and minimum temperature were 32.40 C and 25.00 C, respectively, and maximum and minimum relative humidity were 92.7% and 71.7% respectively, whereas rainfall was 37.4mm. Correlation studies revealed that maximum temperature and evaporation exhibited significantly positive correlation (r= 0.51, 0.56 respectively) with green semilooper larval population. Whereas minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and evening relative humidity observed significantly negative correlation(r = -0.76, -0.53, -0.71 respectively) with green semilooper larval population while rainfall was found to be negatively correlated(r = -0.33) with green semilooper larval population but to the non-significant level. The first appearance of tobacco caterpillar was recorded during 33rd standard week (13 august to 19 august). The larval population of tobacco caterpillar was 0.6 larvae/mrl during 33rd SW, which reached at its first peak (1.6 larvae/mrl) during 34th SW (20 August to 26 August). During this week the maximum and minimum temperature were 30.80 C and 24.10 C, respectively, and morning and evening relative humidity were 95.0% and 83.0% respectively. Whereas rainfall was 30.7mm. Thereafter, the tobacco caterpillar population attained its second peak (2.3 larvae/plant) during 37th SW (10 September to 16 September). During this period the maximum and minimum temperature were 30.70 C and 24.30 C, respectively, and morning and evening relative humidity were 98.0% and 80.0% respectively. Whereas rainfall was 82.8 mm. Correlation studies revealed that maximum temperature and morning relative humidity exhibited significant positive correlation (r= 0.53, 0.57) with larval population of this pest. Correlation studies further revealed that minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, rainfall and evaporation were found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.08, -0.19, -0.37,-0.06 respectively) to non significant level. The first appearance of white fly was recorded during 33rd standard week (13 august to 19 august) with the population of whitefly 1.6 per 3 leaves/plant, which reached at its first peak (6.1per 3 leaves/plant) during 39th SW (24 September to 30 September). During the peak period of white fly population the maximum and minimum temperature were 33.70 C and 21.80 C, respectively, and morning and evening relative humidity were 93.4% and 51.9% respectively and rainfall was nil. Correlation studies revealed that maximum temperature and evaporation exhibited significant positive correlation (r= +0.70, +0.58 respectively) with white fly population. While evening relative humidity, and rainfall were found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.63, -0.71 respectively) with white fly population to the level of significance. However, morning relative humidity and minimum temperature observed non-significant correlation. In the present study, first appearance of Jassid was recorded during 33rd standard week (13 august to 19 august) with 1.4 Jassid per 3leaves/plant and was at its first peak (2.5 Jassid per 3leaves/plant) during next week (20 august to 26 august). During this peak period of Jassid population, maximum and minimum temperature were 30.80 C and 24.10 C, respectively, and morning and evening relative humidity were 95.0% and 83.0% respectively whereas rainfall was 30.7mm. Thereafter attained its second peak (2.5 Jassid per 3leves/plant) during 38th SW (17 September to 23 September). During this period, maximum and minimum temperatures were 31.60 C and 23.40 C, respectively, and morning and evening relative humidity were 92.7% and 63.4% respectively. Whereas rainfall was only 0.3mm. Correlation studies revealed that incidence of Jassid did not exhibit any significant correlation with any weather factor. Infestation of stem fly started in 34st SW (20 august to 26 august) with 1.4% stem tunneling. After 34th SW there was a sudden increase in the per cent infestation by stem fly to (7.6%) tunnel of stem in the 35th SW (27 august to 02 September). During this period maximum and minimum temperatures were 32.40C and 25.00C respectively, and maximum and minimum relative humidity were 92.7% and 71.7% respectively. Whereas rainfall was 37.4mm. After 35th SW there was a gradual increase in the infestation by stem fly at being 11.0 % tunneling of stem in 40th SW (before harvest of the crop). Correlation studies revealed that maximum temperature exhibited significant positive correlation (r= 0.79), with stem fly infestation .However, morning relative humidity, minimum temperature and evaporation exhibit not significant correlation. Whereas, Evening relative humidity, and rainfall were found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.67, -0.65 respectively) with stem fly infestation to the level of significance. Infestation of girdle beetle was observed in 33rd standard week (13 august to 19 august) with 1.8 girdled plant /mrl which reached to its peak (0.56 girdle/mrl) during 36th SW (03 September to 09 September). During this week, maximum and minimum temperature were 31.10 C and 24.20 C, respectively, and morning and evening relative humidity were 96.7% and 78.1% respectively. Whereas rainfall was 36.4mm. Correlation studies revealed that maximum temperature, exhibited significant positive correlation (r= 0.68) with the infestation of girdle beetle. Whereas minimum temperature, evening relative humidity, and rainfall were found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.58, -0.68, -0.57 respectively) with the incidence of this pest to the level of significance. Other a biotic factors did not have significant impact on the incidence of girdle beetle. On the basis of effectiveness of different chemicals and botanicals treatments against defoliators and grain yield obtained, it can be said that Indoxacarb 14.5 SC 500ml/ha followed by Cypermethrin 10 EC 600ml/ha were the most effective treatments when applied as foliar sprays at 45 and 60 days old crop. However, among the three botanicals insecticides, NSKE was found best treatment for reducing the defoliator’s larval population. These treatments were effective not only in reducing the defoliator’s larval population but also recorded higher grain yields. On the basis of effectiveness of different chemicals and botanicals treatments against stem borers(Girdle beetle) and grain yield obtained, it can be said that Triazophos 40 EC 1200ml/ha followed by Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC 300ml/ha were the most effective treatments when applied as foliar sprays at 45 and 60 days old crop. However, among the botanicals insecticides, NSKE was proved to be most effective treatment for reducing the stem borer population. While tobacco leaf extract was least effective. These treatments were effective not only in reducing the stem borer but also recorded higher grain yield. In case of stem tunneling caused by stem fly, Imidaclopride 17.8 SL @ 300ml/ha was found most effective in reducing the stem tunneling followed by Cypermethrin10 EC and Chlorpyriphos 20 EC. Whereas the Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC was observed least effective in reducing stem tunneling. Among the three botanicals insecticides, NSKE was found most effective in reducing the stem tunneling. Treatment Cypermethrin 10 EC gave maximum net profit among all the treatments followed by Triazophos 40 EC and Indoxacarb 14.5 SC, whereas Incremental cost benefit ratio was maximum with the treatment of Lambda-cyhalothrin 5 EC. The minimum net profit and Incremental cost benefit ratio was recorded in the treatment of Tobacco leaf extract and NSKE respectively.
Open Access
Study on Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides in the Predator Management of Katki lac Crop in Malhara Village, Barghat Block, Seoni District M.P.
(JNKVV, 2013) Janghel, Sandeep Kumar; Thomas, Moni
ABSTRACT Profile of participating women Lac growers In present study there were among the 10 participating women lac growers, marginal landholders were maximum (80%).Among the remaining two one each consisted of small and large holders. Lac is a low input enterprises thus it is more popular among marginal landholders in the rainfed Seoni district. Seoni district is predominantly a mono-cropped and rainfed area, where rice is the main crop. The share of the annual household income of Lac growers from Lac ranged from 21.42 to 80.36 per cent with a mean of 41.75 per cent. Thus, there is lesser incidence of migration and suicide cases in the district. Population density growth of K Lacca The broodlac inoculated varied from 500g to 1000g per B monosperma tree, depending upon its size. The mean population density per 2.5 sq cm from 30 days after BLI till the harvest (110 days after BLI) showed a significant loss in the number of Lac insects. The mean population density (per 2.5 sq cm.) varied from 85.63, 83.45 to 83.86 among the Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and Control, respectively at 30 days after BLI. It reduced to 25.05 in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, 26.62 in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and 22.63 in Control at harvest 110 day after BLI. The male lac insect emergence was observed at 40 day after BLI (i.e. on 30thAugust 2012).The mean population density of male though ranged from 32.22 (Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45), 30.34 (Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45) and 33.07 (Control).No significant difference among the treatments, is an indication of the fact that the applied insecticides were safe for the male lac insects. The males constituted 62.37, 63.64 and 60.56 per cent of the initial lac insect settlement among the respective treatments. The male lived for a short period before their mating and death. Transmission loss (TL) defined as the loss in the number of Lac insect per 2.5 sq cm from BLI to harvest or at the maturity of the Lac crop. It can be either from BLI to harvest or from male emergence stage to harvest. Transmission loss was observed from 30 day after BLI to harvest of the mature Lac crop. It was 37.63, 49.02, 60.59, 70.55 and 70.75 per cent at 40, 45, 60, 90, and 110 day respectively in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, 36.36, 47.39, 58.74, 67.88, 68.10 in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and 38.62, 52.60, 65.07, 72.73, 73.01 per cent respectively in Control. TL of lac insect from BLI to harvest is a recent study. Impact of pesticides application Male emergence The male lac insect emergence was observed at 40 day after BLI. The males constituted 62.37, 63.64 and 60.56 per cent of the initial lac insect settlement among Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and Control respectively. The mean population density of male though ranged from 25.67 to 37.07. There was no significant difference in the population density of male among different treatment. This indicates that the sprayed Cartap hydrochloride and Emamectin benzoate are safe for male insect. Sex ratio Sex ratio is an important production factor in case of lac insect. Unlike female lac insects which live longer till harvest to produce lac, the male lived for a short period before their mating and death after their emergence. Female lac insect produces lac and therefore the production depends on the number of female insects alive till harvest. There was higher number of female lac insects per male in Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (1:1.34) and Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 (1:1.44) in comparison to the Control (1:1.20). Low number female in the Control to may be due to loss female insects by predators and parasitoids infestation in an unprotected condition. Female lac insects The mean population density (per 2.5 sq cm) of live female lac insects at harvest i.e. at maturity varied from 19.87 to 29.87. There was a significant difference the population density at harvest among the three treatments. It was highest 26.62 in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, lowest 22.63 in Control, while (25.05) in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45.There were more live lac insects in case of pesticide applications than control. In comparison to lac grower practice there was 14.99 per cent more live lac insects in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, while 9.66 per cent in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45. It is again an indication that pesticide (Emamectin benzoate, Cartap hydrochloride) application had no detrimental effect on the female lac insects. Yield of BroodLac The participating lac grower manages their Broodlac Farm. They therefore do not scrap the sticklac but sell it as brood lac. There was a significant difference in the brood lac production among the treatments. It was highest (6.72 kg) in Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, followed by that (5.68 kg) Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 and Control (4.96 kg). In comparison to the untreated Control there was an avoidable yield loss was 12.67 per cent (Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45) and 26.19 per cent in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 in the present study. Mean weight of 100 Lac Cells (Fresh weight) The mean fresh weight of 100 mature healthy lac cells obtained from the sticklac at harvest did not differed significantly among three treatments. The mean weight of 100 mature lac cells was highest 4.08 g in Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45, followed Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (4.04 g) and Control Lac growers practice i.e. no use of insecticides (3.66). It means irrespective of treatments, there was a uniform growth in all the live and healthy Lac cells. Mean weight of 100 Lac Cells (Dry weight) The mean dry weight of 100 healthy cells of lac insect was obtained seven days after shady drying. There was no significant difference among three treatments. It was highest in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 (2.54 g) followed Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (2.43 g) and Control (2.24 g). As mentioned earlier if the Lac insect is healthy and live, the lac production is not affected by the insecticide treatments. Management of predators and parasitoids Pesticides application significantly reduced the mean number of predators and parasitoids infected lac cell per 30 cm of sticklac at harvest. The number of predators and parasitoids infected lac cells were highest (26.20) in case of Control, comparatively low (14.47)in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (13.17). The latter two was at par with each other. The mean weight of predators and parasitoids infected lac cell per 30 cm of sticklac was counted at harvest. It was also significantly highest (0.80 g) in Control and lowest in case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (0.43 g) and T2 (0.61 g). Latter two was at par with each other. Economics of treatments The broodlac yield per B monosperma was highest (6.72 kg) in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 and lowest (4.96 kg) in case of Control. In case of Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45, it was (5.68 kg).The broodlac produced under predator management was qualitatively and quantitatively superior, therefore fetched higher price (Rs 350Kg) is comparison (Rs 300Kg) to that of the control. Net profit The net profit was highest (Rs 2051.76 per tree) in case of Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45followed by (Rs 1712.92 per tree) Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 and it was lowest (Rs 1267.21 per tree) in case of Control. The cost-Benefit ratio was highest (1:6.05) in Emamectin benzoate + Dithane M-45 followed by Cartap hydrochloride + Dithane M-45 (1:5.44) and it was lowest (1:4.76) in case of Control.
Open Access
Studies on Comparative Performance of Summer Green Gram (Vigna radiata, (L.) Wilczek) Varieties Against Insect Pest Complex
(JNKVV, 2013) Sinha, Shweta; Shukla, Abhishek
ABSTRACT Present experiment entitled “Comparative performance of summer green gram (Vigna radiata, (L.) Wilczek) varieties against insect pest complex.” was carried out at Experimental Field of Entomology, JNKVV, Jabalpur, during summer season 2012. The experiment was conducted with the following objectives: 1. Recording seasonal incidence of insect pests on summer green gram and observing the correlation of pest population with temperature and R.H. 2. Evaluation of comparative performance of different green gram varieties against insect pests during summer. 3. Recording the incidence level of yellow mosaic virus and whitefly as a vector in different varieties of green gram. 4. Observing the influence of morphological features and chemical composition of green gram varieties on population level of insect pests. In present experiment six insect species were observed infesting green gram crop at different stages of crop growth during summer season of 2012. These pests included sap feeders viz., white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), jassids Empoasca kerri, thrips Taeniothrips sp., green stink bug, Nezara viridula, pod sucking bug, Anoplocnemis phasiana and Field cricket, Gryllus sp. Out of these, the first three pests were recorded on different varieties. The infestation of jassids started from third week of April at 15 days after sowing (DAS) with an average population of 1.28 adults/6 leaves. Highest population was observed in fourth week of May with an average 3.88 adult/6 leaves at 50 DAS and thereafter population of the pest declined gradually till the maturity of the crop. The infestation of thrips started from third week of April at 15 DAS with the average population of 0.80 adults/6 leaves and continued till the end of the crop season. Highest population (6.96 adults) was observed in third week of May at 42 DAS. Thereafter population of the pest decreased gradually till the end of crop season. The infestation of white fly started from third week of April (15 DAS) with an average population of 2.40 flies/10 cm twig. The population of the pest gradually increased up to third week of May (5.55 flies/10 cm twig) at 50 DAS and the pest remained active till the maturity of the crop. Jassid population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r=0.79), thrips population showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and evaporation (r=0.93 and 0.86 respectively) whereas significant negative correlation with morning relative humidity (r=-0.78). Whitefly population did not show significant correlation with any of the abiotic factors studied. Eight varieties namely Pusa Vishal, PDM-11, K-851, HUM-1, Ganga-8, TJM-3, TM-37 and LGG-460 were sown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 3 replications. Population of insect pests namely jassids, Empoasca kerri , thrips, Taeniothrips sp. and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, were recorded at 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50 and 57 days after sowing. Overall mean population of these pests indicated significant differences on different varieties. Significantly lower jassid population per 6 leaves was recorded on K-851 (1.32), followed by Pusa Vishal (1.48), and PDM-11 (1.57) that were at par. Highest jassid population per 6 leaves was recorded on variety Ganga-8 (2.06). Significantly lowest thrips population per 6 leaves was recorded on K 851 (1.25), followed by PDM-11(1.38) and Pusa Vishal (1.41) that were at par. Highest thrips population per 6 leaves was recorded on variety TM-37 (1.93). Significantly lowest white fly population per sample (10 cm twig) was recorded on HUM-1 (2.00) followed by PDM-11 (2.25) and LGG-460 (2.35) that were at par. Highest white fly population per sample was recorded on variety TM 37 (3.30). Yellow Mosaic Virus incidence were observed to work out the percent leaves infected/sample plants. Significant differences were observed in percent leaf infestation by YMV among varieties. Lowest leaf infestation was observed on HUM-1 (7.49%), followed by PDM-11 (8.98%), which was at par with LGG-460 (13.05%), Pusa Vishal (19.76%), and K-851 (21.67%). Highest percent leaf infestation was observed on variety TM-37 (32.54%), which was at par with, Ganga-8 (30.28%) and TJM-3 (25.07). No specific morphological character, in different varieties of green gram was found to influence the pest population. The highest amount of phenol content was estimated in leaves of variety HUM-1 (14.77 mg/g) that had the minimum incidence of whiteflies population (2.00/10cm twig) and MYMV disease (7.49%). It revealed that the variety was tolerant one. The highest amount of total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar was estimated in variety TM-37 (3.57 mg/g, 2.27 mg/g and 1.30 mg/g respectively) and this variety was highly susceptible to MYMV incidence. Whereas the lowest amount of total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar were estimated in variety K-851 (2.55 mg/g, 1.19mg/g and 1.36mg/g respectively) and this variety was tolerant one to MYMV incidence.
Open Access
Studies on Gram Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on Chickpea and its Control with Insecticides and Biopesticides
(JNKVV, 2013) Chejara, Babita Kumari; Veda, O.P.
ABSTRACT The present research experiment entitled: “Study the effect of different insecticides with plant growth regulators on Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea” was conducted during rabi season 2012-13 at breeding farm, Adhartal college of Agriculture, JNKVV Jabalpur (M.P.).The research experiment was analyzed in a R.B.D. design. The research experiment studied on population dynamics, per cent parasitization and control of the gram pod borer with some insecticides with plant growth regulators. To record the population dynamics of pest, weekly observations on larval population were made on per mrl. The early instar larvae of H. armigera were observed on chickpea plants during 52nd (fifth week of December 2012), at vegetative stage of the crop (0.20 larva/mrl). Pest activity continued till 13th SW (fifth week of March, 2013) i.e. maturity of the crop. Maximum (2.93) larvae/mrl were observed during 8th SW. Thereafter gradual decreasing trend in larval population was observed. Significant positive correlation between Helicoverpa armigera larval population and minimum temperature, rainfall, Vapour pressure morning and evening, (0.667, 0.608, 0.992 and 0.806) was observed. In natural per cent parasitization studies only one species of parasitoid Campoletis chlorideae was found to parasitize on Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea. The peak per cent parasitization (35 %) was recorded in the month December, 2012 (5th SW) at vegetative stage of crop. The minimum per cent parasitization (10 %) was recorded two times in the 6th SW (2nd week of February 2013) and 13th SW (5th week of March 2013). All the insecticidal treatments proved to be effective in reducing overall larval population, chlorantraniliprole performed best recording lowest population (0.61 larva/mrl), followed by NAA + Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide, Emamectin benzoate, NAA + Indoxacarb, Indoxacarb, NAA + Flubendiamide, NAA + Profenophos, NAA + Emamectin benzoate and Profenophos (0.69, 0.72, 0.81, 0.87, 0.88, 0.92, 0.93, 0.96 and 0.97 larva/mrl) respectively. Where as NAA + Urea treated plots recorded higher larval population i.e. (2.42 larvae/mrl). The untreated control recorded significantly highest larval population (4.09 larvae/mrl). The lowest larval population, highest seed yield, maximum net return and highest B:C ratio was recorded in that treatments hence to control the Helicoverpa armigera pest Chlorantraniliprole, NAA + Chlorantraniliprole, Flubendiamide Emamectin benzoate and Indoxacarb can be recommended.
Open Access
Studies on insect pest complex of kora (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Mornch) and Their Control with Insecticides and Biopesticides
(JNKVV, 2013) Jatav, Arun Kumar; Veda, O.P.
ABSTRACT Present research work on “Studies on insect pest complex of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)Moench) and their control with insecticides and biopesticides” was carried out in the experimental fields of Department Of Entomology, Live Stock Farm, Adhartal JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during Summer season 2013. The experiment was conducted with the following objectives : 1. To study the succession of insect pest complex and their naturals enemies on okra 2. To study the population dynamics of major insects pest of okra. 3. (a) To study the efficacy of insecticides against major insect pest complex of okra (b) To study the efficacy of biopesticides against major insect pest complex of Okra. Studies on insect pest complex and their natural enemies revealed that the following insect pests were the major pests which were observed infesting the Okra crop. Three different species of insect pests and one natural enemy were recorded on the okra crop at experimental field of Department Of Entomology, Live Stock Farm, Adhartal, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during Summmer season 2013 which represented 3 orders (, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera) and 4 families (, Cicadellidae, , Aleyrodidae , Noctuidae and Coccinelidae), respectively. The jassid, appeared when the crop age was 17 days old i.e. from vegetative stage and remained available upto crop maturity stage. The next insect to appear on the crop was whitefly , at 20 days old crop, i.e. from vegetative stage and remained available upto crop maturity stage. Shoot and fruit borer appeared on the crop when the crop age was 59 days and remained available upto reproductive stage of the crop. Lady bird beetle appeared on the crop when the crop age was 29 days and remained available upto reproductive stage of the crop. The jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) was first observed during 12th SW (third week of March). Correlation between various abiotic factors and jassid population showed that maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed , sun shine and evaporation had positive influence while morning and evening relative humidity had a negative influence on the jassid population. The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn.was first observed during 12th SW (third week of March). Correlation between various abiotic factors and whitefly population showed that morning and evening relative humidity had positive influence while maximum and minimum temperature sun shine and wind speed had a negative influence on the pest population. The shoot and fruit borer, Earias insulana Fab.was first observed during 18th SW (first week of May). Correlation between various abiotic factors population showed no impact on the fruit infestation. Spray of insecticides and biopesticides on 55 days old crop (after germination) Emamectin benzoate 5%SG @ 8.5ga.i/ha and Beauveria bassiana 1 l/ha found to be most effective against jassid. Maximum cost benefit ratio was obtained in each of Pyriproxyfen 10EC (1:7.8), followed by Difenthiuron 50 WP (1:7.4), Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (1:6), Quinalphos 25EC (1:5.2) Pyriproxyfen 10%EC (1:8.26) and Difenthuron 50%WP (1:1.76), Lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC (1:3.8) and Indoxacarb 14.5 SC (1:2.6) respectively Maximum cost benefit ratio was obtained in each of Neem soap @ 2.5 kg/ha (1:3.9), followed by Verticillium lecanii @ 1l / ha (1:3.8), Pongamia soap @ 2.5 kg / ha (1:3.4), Beauveria bassiana @ 1l/ha (1:2), Metarhizium anisoplie @ 1l / ha (1:1.4) and Paecilomyces fumosoresus @ 1l / ha (1:1.09), respectively. It showed that spraying of Neem soap @ 2.5 kg/ha (1:3.9) and Verticillium lecanii @ 1l / ha (1:3.8 on okra crop gave maximum cost benefit ratio.
Open Access
Studies on Factors Affecting Incidence of Stem Fly Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) on Soybean
(JNKVV, 2013) Patel, Manak Chand; Shrivastava, S.K.
Open Access
Studies on Pod Infesting Insect Pest Complex of Pigeonpea, (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and Their Control with Insecticides and Biopesticides
(JNKVV, 2013) Pandey, Sagar Anand; Das, S.B.
ABSTRACT Pigeonpea crop accounts ~5% of global acreage (4.16 million ha) and production (2.85 million tonnes), of which Asia is nearly the sole contributor (Ahlawat et al., 2005). In India pigeonpea occupies an area of about 4.42 million ha with a total production of 2.89 million tonnes with productivity of 655 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2011). In the country, the crop is extensively grown in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. In Madhya Pradesh, pigeonpea is cultivated in an area of about 0.32 million hectare with a production and productivity of 0.26 million tonnes and 808 kg/ha, respectively and contributes about 11.41% of the total pigeonpea production in India (Mula et al., 2010). Abiotic and biotic stresses are the most limiting factors in pigeonpea production. Among the biotic pressures, large number of insect pests have been identified to infest pigeonpea. The low yields of pigeonpea crop are due to pod borer complex and physiological shriveling. Studies on insect pest complex and their natural enemies in three diverse crop habitats i.e. sole pigeonpea PP, pigeonpea bordered with maize PP+M and pigeonpea bordered with sorghum PP+S respectively revealed that the following insect pests were the major pests which damaged the pigeonpea crop. Jassid, Empoasca fabae Harris (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae); Leaf webber, Grapholita critica Myer. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae); Cow bug, Otinotus oneratus W. (Hemiptera : Membracidae); Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall (Thysanoptera : Thripidae); Green stink bug, Nezara viridula Linn. (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae); Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch (Diptera : Agromyzidae); Pod bug, Clavigralla gibbosa Spinola (Hemiptera : Coreidae); Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae); and Red gram plume moth, Exelastis atomosa Walsingham (Lepidoptera : Pterophoridae). Among them jassid and leaf webber, appeared when the crop age was about 55 days old i.e. during vegetative stage and remained available upto the maturity and reproductive stage of the crop respectively. Cow bug was the next insect pest to appear when the crop age was about 83 days old i.e. vegetative stage and remained available upto reproductive stage of the crop. The next group of insects to appear on the crop was thrips, green stink bug, pod fly, pod bug, gram pod borer and red gram plume moth respectively. These appeared when the crop age was about 125-132 days old i.e. at reproductive stage and remained available upto the maturity of the crop. These pests were the major key pests which caused colossal yield losses. The natural enemies observed were lady bird beetle and parasitic wasp Cotessia (= Apanteles) sp. which remained active from vegetative and reproductive stage and continued upto maturity stage of the crop, respectively. Diversification of crop habitat significantly influenced the incidence of pod infesting pest complex. Pigeonpea bordered with maize (PP-M) was found to be most promising as it recorded minimum grain damage against pod infesting pest complex and registered highest grain yield, followed by pigeonpea bordered with sorghum fodder (PP-S) and sole pigeonpea (PP), respectively.

Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur

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