Loading...
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
Browse
5 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization and stability study in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes under early and terminal heat stress(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2019) YADAV, SUMAN; PANDEY, ANILPresent study entitled “Molecular characterization and stability study in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes under early and terminal heat stress” conducted under early-timely—late-sown environments during Rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 at research farm of TCA Dholi. The twenty genotypes belonging to various geographic locations and diverse pedigree reflected their genetic worth for thirty five morpho-physio-biochemical traits exhibiting sufficient variability. PCV higher than GCV revealed varying environmental influence. High h2 bs and GAM for LMSI, TSS, PA & PC in early and terminal stress conditions showed preponderance of additive gene action. Positive and significant association of VPD, DFFO, D50%F & DPM while, negative with PAPD expressed their phonological inter-relationship and more usefulness of VPD & PAPD for terminal heat stress condition. SYP positively with HI, EL, CC & PH (and also between EL & CC); while, negative with H.T.E. (early & terminal heat stress); OC, SPB & PC (early-sown) whereas, SI & H.S.I. (late-sown). SI & H.S.I. decrease with increased H.T.E. and subsequently, increased SYP can be utilized. HI with high positive direct effect and association was major yield predictor (early & late-sown) alongwith BYP (early) and EL, RWC & CC (terminal) heat stresses. On Tocher‘s, Canonical (vector) and K-mean clustering, Rajendra Sufalam and Urvashi (oligo-genotypic) alongwith RAURD-14-18, BPR-541-4, DRMR4001, DRMR-15-9, RGN-368, RGN-13, PRE-2013-19 and KMR (E)16-1 were divergent genotypes and also reflected desirable per se for various morpho-physio-biochemical traits. Nine crosses between divergent parents suggested 5 crosses involving DRMR-15-9, RAURD-14-18, BPR-541- 4, DRMR4001 & RGN-368 with Urvashi; and 4 crosses involving RGN-13, RGN-368, PRE-2013-19 & KMR (E) 16-1 with Rajendra Sufalam. PA & H.T.E. contributed maximum towards total divergence under both stress environments. Molecular diversity analyses also reflected PRE-2013-19, KMR (E)16-1 & RAURD-14-18 as divergent as well as genotypes with unique alleles; whereas, DRMR-15-9, Rajendra Sufalam and RGN-368 as genotypes with unique alleles. Thus, reflecting their overall usefulness as divergent genotypes. NI2A09, showed best polymorphic bands, highest (0.636) PIC values and four alleles per locus and can be effectively utilized for studying diversity of Indian mustard genotypes. Studied genotypes reflected variability in all six environments except for CT & RGR. Rajendra Sufalam offered stability under poor environment and found most suitable genotype for terminal heat stress-late-sown & timely-sown conditions. Also it was only stable stable (rich environment) genotype for oil content overall six environments as well as diverse stable parent with superior per se for many traits including SYP. RGN-13 with average and rich environment stability in early-timely and late-timely-sown conditions whereas, RAURD-14-11 and BPR-541-4 (rich environment stability) suitable for farmers for both early and late-sown with timely-sown agroecologies of Bihar. Suggested Indian mustard plant type for heat stress condition, the emphasis is required towards seedlings and early growth stages before flowering (SDW-VPD-DFFO), PAPD, DPM, high: LPMA, PBP, SPMA, SPB, SL, TSW, RWC & CC including SI, H.S.I. and H.T.E.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on variability and management of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense isolates causing Panama wilt of banana(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Shukla, Daya Nand; Singh, S.K.Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important fruit crops grown in tropical and sub-tropical region throughout the world. Panama wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 strain B2 was first time identified in Dwarf Cavendish group of banana cultivar by sending culture to Agharkar Research Institute, Pune. Panama wilt of banana incited by TR4 was found only in Koshi belt, whereas Race 1 and Race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense were present in Vaishali belt and this belt was found free from TR4 strain B2 during course of investigation. Inoculum mixed with sterilize soil @ 5% w/w (T5) was found most effective among all the tested inoculation techniques. The cv. FHIA-17 (AAAA) showed some level of tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR 4 strain B2under sick plot condition during 2017-18 and 2018-19. Fourteen different fungicide and novel chemicals were tested in vitro as well as in vivo conditions. Native (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) was found to exhibit 100% inhibition in vitro, whereas in pot conditions 86.2% inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR 4 strain B2 in cultivar Alpan (AAB) was observed. Aqueous extract of Garlic creeper (Adenocalymma alliaceum) was found superior among all the tested botanical extracts, while among bio-agents, Trichoderma viride (Native) was found most effective against the Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR 4 strain B2. For integrated management of Panama wilt of banana incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4 strain B2, the maximum inhibition of percent wilt index (93.1%) and percent vascular wilt index (93.4%) were observed in T12 (dipping roots of TC planting materials in Nativo (tebuconazole 50%+trifloxystrobin 25%) (0.2%) for 45 minutes followed by soil drenching with help of Nativo (tebuconazole 50%+trifloxystrobin 25%) (0.2%)@150 ml/pit +Garlic creeper (10%)@ 100 ml/pit and soil application of 50g BCA (Trichoderma viride(107)+Trichoderma harzianum(107)in1:1ratio) at 2nd 4th and 6th and 0, 3rd, 5th and 7th month after planting respectively . The next best treatment was T11 (dipping roots of TC planting materials in Nativo (tebuconazole 50%+trifloxystrobin 25%) (0.2%) for 45 minutes followed by soil drenching with Nativo (tebuconazole 50%+trifloxystrobin 25%) (0.2%)@150 ml/pit +soil application of 50 g BCA (Trichoderma viride (107)+Trichoderma harzianum(107)in1:1ratio) at 2nd 4th and 6th and 0, 3rd, 5th and 7th month after planting with more than 90% inhibition of wilt index and vascular wilt index .However difference between T11 and T12 was non- significant .ThesisItem Open Access Growth and instability of food grain production in Bihar: regional analysis(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, samastipur, 2019) Kumari, Priyanka; Singh, Krishna MurariAgriculture is considered as backbone of the economy of Bihar. Agriculture contributed about 22 percent to the state GDP during 2010-14. The state has attained self sufficiency in food grains production, even though the productivity of various farm produces are much below the corresponding national average. Inspite of rich fertile soils and abundance of ground water the net sown area is shrinking on account of increasing population pressure and climatic variability. The agricultural production can further be enhanced through raising cropping intensity, changing cropping pattern, genetic improvement in crop varieties, mechanized cultivation practices and making availability of improved post harvest technology etc. Analysis of cropping pattern indicated that cereal crops like; paddy, wheat and maize were dominating crops in Bihar. Rice and wheat together contributed more than 60 per cent in gross cropped area. Paddy area declined but wheat area showed increasing trend for entire period of study, but, area of pulses declined in Bihar and all agro- climatic zones, except in zone II which exhibited fluctuating trend. Rapeseed & mustard is no doubt an important crop but growth in area reflected mixed trend in all zones and the state, whereas, area share of sugarcane and potato showed increasing trend. Area has increased only in case of wheat and maize, while the area under other crops like paddy, gram, red gram, lentil, green gram and rapeseed & mustard declined over both the referenced points of time i.e., 2005 over 1995 and 2016 over 2005 in Bihar. However, paddy, wheat and maize production observed increasing trend during both the referenced points. Among pulse crops, only lentil registered increase in production in the state. Productivity of all the crops under investigation registered positive trend at both the referenced points of time, only rapeseed & mustard observed declining trend in first point of reference. In zone I, it was found that wheat, gram, lentil and rapeseed & mustard registered increase in area under crops in the first decade. Production scenario indicated that only cereal crops like paddy, wheat and maize showed positive variation with respect to the reference period of time in zone II. In zone IIIA, the results indicated that decadal change in area of almost all the crops under investigation was observed negative in the first decade. In case of production and productivity of all the crops except gram (-23.08%) and red gram (-33.21%) in production and red gram (-30.36%) in productivity registered positive changes in production and productivity. In zone III B, area under wheat registered positive (10.61%). Production and productivity of most of the crops under study were also found positive except for some pulse crops. Compound growth rate of area of paddy observed negative for overall period in the state and for different zones except zone II. But in case of wheat, area was found positive in zone I, zone IIIB and the state for overall period. In case of maize, area during overall period was positive in zone II, zone IIIB and for the state as a whole. Growth rate of area in major pulse crops and oilseed crops mostly declined during different periods in all the zones and the state. Production and productivity of major cereal crops and lentil in pulses group was found positive, except it was negative in zone II and zone-IIIB for period II & IIIB. For overall period in all the zones and the state production of lentil was positive except in zone-II. Red gram, Gram and Green gram showed mixed trend. Instability in area of cereals i.e., paddy and wheat and maize was comparatively low during overall period in the state, while production and productivity of these crops were found more unstable as compared to area. Besides several other factors, total production of crop output is determined mainly by yield, area and their interaction effect. In the state, yield effect was positive during all study periods except period-I in paddy. Area effect exerted negative effects on production of paddy in the state. In zone wise analysis, area effects for most of the periods were computed negative and interaction effects were observed negative in all zones for most of the periods under study. In wheat, yield effect for all the periods in the state and in all the zones was found positive. Similar trend was found in case of area effect except in period-III for zone-II. Interaction effects reflected mixed scenario. In maize crop, yield effect, area effect and interaction effect were found positive for all the periods under investigation in zone II and Bihar. Change in production in red gram and gram was mainly due to area effect. But in lentil, production was influenced by yield effect. In green gram, area effect and yield effect were assessed fluctuating during the period of investigation. For most of the periods in different zones, area and interaction effect have positive influence on augmenting the production of rapeseed and mustard in the state. A detail analysis on components of growth performance was carried out. In paddy and wheat crops, irrigated area and consumption of fertilizer were found significantly positive components in augmenting production of these crops in the state but only irrigated area emerged as an important factor in maize. In case of pulse crops total area was common factor of the production of respective crop which was positively significant in red gram, gram and green gram. Rainfall affected adversely to production of lentil. Total area of the crop, irrigated area and fertilizer consumption played positive and significant role in production of rapeseed & mustard. Yield gap analysis was carried to know the actual differences in demonstration yield and average yield of farmer‟s field in the state and its agro-climatic zones. In case of paddy, yield gap was comparatively higher in zone IIIA (28.19%) and it was 18.43 % in the state as whole. Yield gap in wheat was assessed comparatively high, 28.98% in zone-IIIA and it was computed to be 26.42 % for the state. Yield gap in maize was estimated to be 32.49% in the state and highest yield gap was found in zone-I and lowest in zone-IIIB. The yield gap was recorded comparatively low in case of lentil (23.01 %) and high in case of green gram (49.39 %) followed by red gram (36.33 %) and in gram (24.38%). In case of rapeseed and mustard, mean yield gap was recorded 28.88% for the state. Among the zones, zone IIIB recorded the highest yield gap of 32 % and lowest 27.85% in zone II. The study suggests that there is need for research and innovation at the state level to embrace and leverage new technologies. Offering credit support to the individual farmer and at cluster levels is highly desirable to ensure the adoption of technology and diversification. There is a need to emphasize on National Agriculture Market (eNAM) which is a digital-India electronic trading portal which helps to get knowledge about the market of agricultural commodities. However, arrangement should also be made to improve the farmers‟ access to eNAM portal. On the other side, Bihar‟s agriculture sector is also facing the wrath of natural calamities, particularly flood in north Bihar and drought in south Bihar. Therefore, through the use of appropriate crop technology and extending crop insurance for all farmers would help to reduce risk of climatic variation.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular dissection of quantitative trait locus in relation to drought tolerance in rice(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Kumar, Pankaj; Sharma, V.K.Thirty-one genotypes of rice were evaluated for various morpho-physiological characters and to study the microsatellite markers based polymorphism for their characterization and genetic diversity among these rice genotypes. Identification of putative gene within QTL (qDTY1.1) and their expression profiling for enhance the drought tolerance. Experimental materials were estimated in randomized block design with three replications during two consecutive years. Molecular characterization was done of the genomic DNA using a set of 23 microsatellite primer pairs. Gene expression response of drought tolerant (Nagina22 and Sahbhagi dhan) and drought sensitive (IR64) rice genotypes to 15 days of drought stress in reproductive stage. Statistical methods and parameters used for deriving inference were analysis of variance, range, mean values, pooled analysis, relative mean performance, and drought tolerance indices. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters evaluated during present study. On the basis of the relative mean performance of 15 genotypes, namely, Sahbhagi, Nagina22, MTU1010, Silhatidhan, RAU1417-11-2, Rajendra Bhagwati, RAU1415-7-1, Anandidhan, Rajendra Nilam, Aus257, IR7343-71-1, Chengari2, Kali-Aus, Dangar and Dular out of 31 genotypes were appeared to be relatively more drought tolerant than other genotypes under evaluation. Four tolerance indices viz. TOL, SSI, DTE and STI were used. On the basis of stress tolerance level, stress susceptible index, stress tolerance index and drought tolerance efficiency, 18 genotypes, namely, IR7343-71-1, Chengari2, Aus257, MTU1010, Dangar, Anandidhan, Silhatidhan, Dular, Kali-Aus, Nagina22, Sahbhagidhan, Rasi, Vandana, R.Nilam, R.Bhagwati, RAU1421-12-4, RAU1417-11-2 and RAU1415-7-1 out of 31 genotypes were identified as relatively more tolerant to drought stress. A total 179 and 73 unique allelic variants were detected among the eighteen rice genotypes with an average of 7.8 alleles per primer. The primers RM 5359, RM 7025, RM 10772 and RM 11008, appeared to be highly polymorphic and comparatively more informative primers. Analysis of divergence pattern based on microsatellite markers allowed differentiation and classification of rice genotypes into two groups. The first multi-genotypic group consisted of ten genotypes, namely, IR7343-71-1, Chengar2, Aus257, MTU1010, Dangar, Anandidhan, Silhatidhan, Dular, Kali-Aus and Nagina22 whereas the second multi-genotypic group consisted of eight genotypes, namely, RAU1401-18-5, RAU1428-54-5, RAU1421-15-7, RAU1421-12-4, RAU1417-9-3, Sahbhagidhan, RAU1397-18-7 and Rasi. The magnitude of similarity coefficient between Anandidhan and Dangar (0.739) was found to be the maximum which indicating that these were more closely related. A set of microsatellite markers used for molecular characterization in the present study showed very high degree of efficiency in discrimination of genotypes in relation to drought tolerance. In this study we have identified 73 genes within QTL (qDTY1.1) using sequence information available in rice genome database and bioinformatics tools. The expression of identified genes were analysed. Our studies showed that two genes namely LOC_OS01g66520 and LOC_01g 66170 were upregulated consistently in the time point after drought imposed. Most of the genes were in downregulated.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of crop establishment methods, nutrient and weed management on hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.)(DRPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, 2019) Singh, Abhinandan; Pandey, I.B.A field experiment was carried out during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018 at research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi a campus of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar to study the effect of crop establishment methods and nutrient levels on hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different weed management practices. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design and replicated thrice. The treatments consisted of three crop establishment methods viz. puddled transplanting, unpuddled transplanting and dry direct seeded rice and three nutrient levels viz. 75% RDF (recommended dose of fertilizer), 100% RDF (120:60:40 kg NPK/ha) and 125% RDF were kept in main plot and four weed management practices viz. weedy check, hand weeding twice (20 and 40 DAS/T), bispyribac-sodium 20 g/ha + pyrozosulfuron 20 g/ha at 20 DAS/T, and brown manuring in sub plot. All the treatments received recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium as basal dressing. Nitrogen was applied in three splits i.e. 1/2nd as basal, 1/3rd at the active tillering stage and rest 1/3rd at panicle initiation stage. The crop was sown in rows 20 cm apart using the seed rate of 15 kg/ha for transplanted rice and 25 kg/ha for dry direct seeded rice. The soil of the experimentation plot was sandy loam in texture and low in OC, available Nitrogen, Potassium and medium Phosphorus. The data on various growth characters, yield attributes, nutrient uptake weed dynamics, weed control efficiency and economics were collected and analyzed. Puddled transplanting significantly enhanced plant height, dry matter production, crop growth rate, leaf area index, root volume and root dry weight were recorded when crop was sown with puddled transplanting than unpuddled transpalnting and dry direct seeded rice. However, maximum root length was recorded in dry direct seeded rice which was significantly higher over unpuddled and puddled transplanting. Similarly, puddled transplanting also produced maximum number of tillers/m2, number of panicles/m2, panicle length, number of grain/panicle, number of filled grain/panicle and test weight which was significantly higher over unpuddled transplanting and dry direct seeded rice. The result indicated that puddled transplanting produced significantly higher grain yield (56.71 and 58.47 q/ha), straw yield (80.10 and 81.24 q/ha), harvest index (41.43 and 41.80) and grain: straw ratio (0.708 and 0.719) than unpuddled transplanting and dry direct seeded rice.