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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Plant Breeding × Start date: 1998 ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 49
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining ability and yield stability in Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 1999) Prasad, Ram Prasad 'Nirala'; Jha, P.B.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetics of stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) resistence in Maize (Zea mays L.)
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 1998) Singh, Surj Bali; Chaudhari, L.B.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stability analysis and molecular profiling of drought tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Kumari, Shyama; Mishra, S.B.
    Thirty four genotypes of rice were evaluated for various morpho-physiological characters and to investigate the microsatellite markers based polymorphism for their profiling and differentiation using polymorphic and informative markers in order to estimate the extent of genetic diversity among these rice genotypes. Experimental materials were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2017-18 & 2018-19. Molecular characterization was done by targeted amplification of the genomic DNA using a panel of fifteen microsatellite primer pairs. Statistical methods and parameters used for deriving inference were analysis of variance, range, mean values, relative mean performance, variability parameters, correlation and path coefficients. An analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters evaluated during present study. Considerable extent of variability existed for all the attributes recorded among the genotypes. Analyses of variance revealed that 34 genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) varied significantly for 21 mopho-physiological traits showing sufficient variability among themselves for all environments. Wider range was recorded for number of grains per panicle followed by straw yield per plant, grain yield per plant, fresh root weight, while minimum range was observed for the traits root volume, canopy temperature, panicle number per plant and leaf drying indicates the presence of variability among the genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most of the characters in different proportion indicated influence of environment for expressions of traits. High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance (as percent of mean) for FRW, DRW, LR and LD indicated the preponderance of additive effects of gene. GYP-1 and SYP-1 had shown moderate heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance indicated that presence of additive and non-additive gene action while rest of the traits has shown low heritability coupled with low genetic advance indicated the expression of the traits are being influenced by the environments. Number of grains per panicle, straw yield per plant and harvest index exhibited positive and significant correlation with grain yield comprising their positive and high direct effect on grain yield suggesting that these traits may be considered as a prime trait during the course of selection for the improvement of yield under drought stress condition; while leaf rolling and leaf drying exhibited negative and significant correlation with grain yield comprising their negative high direct effect suggesting that the genotype/genotypes having high score may not be encouraged for selection under drought stress condition. Based on multivariate analysis, maximum inter cluster distances were observed between cluster III and cluster IX. The genotypes viz., IR 91648-B-89-B-81-B, IR 95781-15-1-1-4 and IR 95122:13-B-7-4-7-3 were present in cluster III as well as the genotype present in cluster IX (GSR IR1-DQ139-R1-L2) so these genotypes may be intermated to develop heterotic recombinants for enhancing the number of tillers per plant, panicle number per plant, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant and straw yield per plant, root length, root volume, fresh root weight, dry root weight as well as to reduce the score of leaf rolling and leaf drying to develop the drought tolerant genotypes while to reduce the canopy temperature and to enhance the chlorophyll content as well as spikelet fertility genotype IR 96279-33-3-1-2 may be used in crossing programme. Pooled analysis of variance for different studied characters between the genotypes exhibited significant variation for most of the characters indicated the presence of genotypic variation in the studied rice genotypes. Significant environmental variation was observed for all the characters indicated environmental conditions were fluctuating in nature. The linear components of G x E interaction was found highly significant for most of morpho-physiological characters indicating that these characters were unstable and fluctuated in their expression with change in environment. Total eight stable genotypes out of 34 genotypes noticed for yield stability in poor/rich environments. In poor environment 4 genotypes viz. IR 83140-B-11-B, IR 95795-53-1-1-2, IR 95793-5-2-2-3 and IR 93849-22-3-1-1 had shown stability suggesting that these genotypes may be utilized for cultivation under drought stress condition with poor management whereas in rich environments IR 95785-31-2-1-2, GSR IR1-DQ62-D6-D1, IR 95785-15-2-1-2 and IR 93856-10-2-3-2 were found stable for grain yield indicating that these genotypes may show promise under drought stress condition with good management. One genotype IR 89889-34-2-1-1 exhibited average stability for panicle number per plant suggesting that this genotype may be used to have the optimum number of panicles per unit area for poor/rich environment under drought stress condition. It revealed from dendrogram that germplasm Rajendra Nilam falling with varieties Sahbhagi Dhan and Rajendra Bhagwati together there is possibility of existing many traits to be similar whereas, the genotypes Abhishek, IR95817-14-1 and GSRIRI-DQ12 falling extremely apart from whole of the cluster shows the possibility of discovering new traits in them which could be further assisted in breeding programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining ability studies for yield and yield attributing traits in green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) D. S , Sharath; Singh, A.K.
    The present investigation on green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) was conducted at the experimental area of the Pulses Research Project of Dept of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur The experimental materials were composed of twenty three genotypes (Parents, crosses including standard check HUM-16) which were selected from various sources and were experimented in RBD design with three replications and the observations were recorded for thirteen characters including viz., “plant height(cm), days to 50% flowering, leaf area(cm2), number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of grains per pod, 100-seed weight(g), root volume(ml), harvest index(%), days to maturity, growing degree days(˚c), heat use efficiency(g/ m2/degree days) and yield per plant(g)” to estimate the “genetic variability, combining ability effects and heterosis”. The Analysis of variance of parents and hybrids showed highly significant mean sum of squares due to genotypes for all the characters. It indicated the existence of significant differences among the genotypes for the characters under study. An examination of per se performance of parents and crosses revealed that crosses viz., HUM-16 X Pant-M-5 followed by IPM-02-03 X Pant-M-8 and IPM-02-03 X Meha had exhibited significant superiority over the check for yield. The range was comparatively wider for almost all the morpho-physiological traits showed that greater extent of variability was present among the genotypes. Significant variances for both GCA and SCA estimates were observed for almost all the characters barring few of them, indicating the preponderance of additive as well as non-additive gene action for the expression of characters under study. Based on the higher positive and significant GCA effects along with high per se performance HUM-16 was identified as the best general combiner for yield, whereas, IPM-02-03 was found to be best general combiner for most of the traits that includes plant height, number of pods per cluster, number of grains per pod, 100 seed weight, root volume, days to maturity and growing degree days, Pusa vishal for No. of clusters per plant, No. of pods per cluster, No. of grains per pod, 100 seed weight, root volume and heat use efficiency and yield per plant, so these parents can be used as the donor to improve the respective trait in green gram. Two cross combinations namely HUM-16 X Meha and Pusa vishal X Meha exhibited high positive and significant estimates of SCA effects with higher per se performance for yield suggesting that these crosses may be further advanced to get transgressive segregants. Among all the crosses first and foremost desirable cross combination was IPM-02-03 X Meha which shown positive and significant desirable standard heterosis for six traits including yield. This crop may be further advanced to develop the high yielding genotypes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Generation mean analysis yield and yield attributing traits under heat stress condition in chickpea
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Kumar, Maheshwaram Sai; Arya, Madhuri
    The present research entitled “Generation mean analysis for yield and yield attributing traits under heat stress condition in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was undertaken to know the gene action and effects involved, heritability (narrow sense) and genetic advance for the characters under study. Three parents, two F1s, two F2s, four back cross progenies, (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, BC2)generations of each of two crosses BG 372 X JG 14 and BG 256 X JG 14) and 2 checks were grown in RBD at Tirhut College of Agriculture Dholi during rabi 2019-20 and the data were recorded for 16 characters. The different characters studied are days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant , primary branch angle, number of pods per plant, number of nodules per plant, nodules weight per plant, number of seeds per pod, growing degree days, heat use efficiency, root length, root volume, 100 seed weight, harvest index, and yield per plant. Analysis of variance revealed that, mean sum squares due to treatments were highly significant for all the traits indicated the presence of sufficient amount of variation for all the characters studied. From the studies of range and mean it is found that genotypes BG 256 and JG 14 are more diverse for 6 characters (days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight, growing degree days and heat use efficiency) and genotypes BG 372 and JG 14 are found to be more diverse for 5 characters (primary branch angle, number of pods per plant, harvest index, root length and root volume.) It is found that Low heritability (narrow) percentage coupled with low genetic advance as per cent mean for most of the characters studied indicates the great influence of environmental effects and hence selection would be ineffective for these traits in respective cross. Predominant and significant role of dominance (h) and additive x dominance (j) and dominance x dominance (l) components which are non-fixable coupled with duplicate type of epistatic interactions in most of the times it is followed by low level of narrow sense heritability and genetic advance estimates, in order to improve yield under high temperatures it is recommended to adopt biparental approach or intermate desired segregants in early generations followed by delayed selection for the traits studied in both the crosses.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining ability and heterosis study in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Debbarma, Pulak; Kant, Ravi
    The present investigation entitled “Combining Ability and Heterosis Study in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]” was conducted at TCA, Dholi Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar during Kharif, 2019. The experimental materials comprised of 15 hybrids were generated using 5 lines (Females) and 3 testers (males) following Line x Tester mating design. Total 24 genotypes including standard check i.e. LBG 623 were grown in Randomized Block Design with three replication to estimate combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield attributing traits. The observations that were recorded for the study are days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant , biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index. The analysis of variance revealed that the difference among the parents and hybrids was highly significant for all the characters studied, indicating the existence of sufficient amount of variability in the material studied. Parent vs. hybrids comparison was found significant for plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant and 100 seed weight. Parents namely KUP 18-346, Pant U-31 and Uttara recorded high mean performance while, crosses namely KUP 18-350 X Pant U-31, KUP 18-352 X T-9, KUP 18-349 X T-9, KUP 18-350 X Uttara, KUP 18-349 X Uttara and KUP 18-345 X Uttara recorded high mean performance for seed yield per plant. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that mean square of crosses was significant for all yield and yield attributing traits. In the case of lines x tester effect, mean square was significant for all yield and yield attributing traits except number of seeds per pod. The SCA variance was higher than GCA variance for plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index. The ratio of SCA variance to GCA variance is higher than one in plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index which indicates the magnitude of non-additive variance over the magnitude of additive variance and the degree of dominance is greater than one for number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index. The estimates of general combining ability of parents revealed that parents KUP 18-350, KUP 18-346, and KUP 18-349 found good general combiners for seed yield and some of the attributing traits. The parents KUP 18-350, KUP 18-352, and KUP 18-345 found to be a good general combiner for days to 50% flowering and plant height. The crosses namely KUP 18-350 X Pant U-31, KUP 18-345 X T-9, and KUP 18-345 X Uttara were found to be the best specific combinations for seed yield per plant. The estimates of heterosis revealed that KUP 18-350 X Pant U-31, KUP 18-346 X Pant U-31, KUP 18-349 X T-9, KUP 18-345 X T-9, KUP 18-346 X Uttara and KUP 18-345 X Uttara recorded significant positive average heterosis; KUP 18-345 X T-9 recorded significant positive heterobeltiosis for seed yield per plant. None of the crosses recorded significant positive standard heterosis for seed yield per plant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Character association and genetic divergence in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
    (DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Bharti, Lal Ji; Singh, Umesh Kumar
    The investigation entitled “Character Association and Genetic Divergence in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]” was conducted at Research Farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar during summer of 2019. The 24 mungbean genotypes including a check namely HUM-16 were sown on 13th March, 2019 in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Investigation was carried out on genetic variability, character association, path analysis and genetic divergence for quantitative characters viz Days to First flowering, Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, Plant height (cm), Main shoot length (cm), Number of primary branches per plant, Number of secondary branches per plant, Number of cluster per plant, Number of pods per cluster, Number of pods per plant, Pod length (cm), Biological yield per plant (g), Number of grains per pod, 100 -seed weight (g), Harvest- index (%), and Grain yield per plant(g). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variation among the genotypes for all the characters. The characters number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield per plant (g), grain yield per plant (g), number of pods per plant, harvest index, number of clusters per plant, main shoot length, 100- seed weight (g), number of grains per pod, number of pods per cluster, plant height (cm) and pod length (cm) observed high to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for accompanied by high heritability and high to moderate genetic advance as per cent of mean. The indicating lesser influence of environment in expression of the character hence selection for these traits may be effective. Correlation analysis studies indicated that grain yield per plant (g) exhibited significant and positive phenotypic association with biological yield per plant (g), number of pods per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of grains per pod, and plant height (cm) as well as among themselves at phenotypic and genotypic level. However, the grain yield per plant (g) non-significant and negative phenotypic correlation with harvest index (%). Path analysis observed highest positive direct effect was exhibited biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), and number of pods per plant on grain yield per plant. Thus, these characters may be used as selection criteria for respective environments. The highest negative direct effect was showed by days to 50% flowering fallowed by number of secondary branches per plant, and days to maturity (-0.047) on grain yield per plant. The twenty-four genotypes were studies for genetic divergence analysis differed significantly with regard to the characters studied and displayed marked divergence and grouped into five clusters following Tocher’s method. Cluster I and Cluster II had fifteen and six genotypes, respectively. Cluster III, cluster IV and cluster V were mono-genotypic comprises only one genotype. The maximum character contribution towards divergence exhibited in 100-seed weight (g) followed by Harvest- index (%), Number of primary branches per plant. The maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and IV, followed by cluster III and V, cluster I and V, cluster II and V, cluster I and IV, cluster II and IV is the indication of wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of those clusters. Such highly divergent, high performing genotypes will be used in recombination breeding programme in order to get high heterotic recombinants.