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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20233
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Subject: Nematology × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2023 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Life cycle estimation and pathogenicity of Steinernema abbasi on fall armyworm
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) S, GANDHI RAJAN; KESHARI, NISHI
    A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Steinernema abbasi on fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and the life cycle of S. abbasi on this insect. Various concentrations of infective juveniles (IJs) viz., 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 IJs / larva were tested on 3rd instar larvae of fall armyworm in three replications. It was found that, there was a negative correlation between the nematode population and time of mortality. As the inoculum level increased, there was decrease in time of mortality. The 3rd instar larvae of fall armyworm insect were found to be the most susceptible of all the concentrations tested. The production of IJs from the treated test insects, was also recorded. The results indicated that the number of IJs increased as the inoculum level is increased. The number of infective juveniles (IJs) produced per larva varied across treatments, yielding 19.03 × 103, 27.3 × 103, 30.70 ×103, 34.43 × 103, 37.50 × 103 and 43.73 × 103 IJs per larva for the 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 IJs per larva treatments, respectively, in the case of S. frugiperda. The mortality of S. frugiperda occurred within 36-48 hours when exposed to 25 IJs. For the life cycle of S. abbasi, it was found that the development of first generation females and males took 72-84 hours for 20-15 IJs. Second-generation females and males matured in 120-132 hours with 20-15 IJs. Infective juvenile exit times ranged from 120 and 168 hours across 20 and 10 IJs treatments respectively. Highest production of IJs were seen in 50 IJs concentration (43.73 × 103 IJs).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation and efficacy of botanicals, organic amendments & bioagents against root knot nematode, (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) L.
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) Dixit, Simran; Keshari, Nishi
    The present study is carried out to test the different leaf extracts against the egg hatching inhibition and larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.). Marigold (Tagetes erecta), periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus), bael (Aegles marmelos), bhang (Cannabis sativa), neem (Azadirachta indica), carrot grass (Parthenium hysteropherus) and giant milkweed (Calotropis gigantia) were taken with 5 % concentration along with untreated check (water only) in 3 replications. Number of eggs hatched and larvae mortality, were observed after 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Maximum egg hatching inhibition (%) was observed at 24 hrs in Tagetes erecta (7.25 %) followed by Azadirachta indica (6.68 %). Minimum hatching inhibition (%) was observed at 72 hrs in Aegles marmelos (2.98 %). Maximum larval mortality (%) was observed at 72 hrs in Tagetes erecta (9.24 %) followed by Azadirachta indica (8.88 %). Minimum larval mortality (%) was observed at 24 hrs in Aegles marmelos (6.38 %). For the management of M. incognita in tomato, a pot study was done at the screen house of Nematology, PG College of Agriculture, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, in order to test the efficacy of botanicals (leaf extracts like Tagetes erecta, Catharanthus roseus and Tinospora cordifolia @ 10 % per pot), organic amendments (neem cake and mustard cake @ 10 g per pot) and bioagents (Trichoderma viride and Pochonia chlamydosporia @ 10 g per pot each). Among all the treatments, neem cake @ 10 g per pot was found effective in intensifying the plant development parameters and decreasing the nematode multiplication parameters when compared with all other treatments. Among bioagents, Trichoderma viride @ 10 g per pot and among botanical leaf extracts, Tagetes erecta @ 10 % per pot, were found significantly high when compared with the uninoculated check. When compared with treated check (cartap hydrochloride), Tagetes erecta @ 10 % per pot was found at par. With these findings, it can be concluded that in place of chemicals, the bioagents, leaf extracts and the organic cakes can be substituted with taking care of the soil, air and water environments.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOGENICITY AND MANAGEMENT OF ROOT KNOT NEMATODE, Meloidogyne incognita ON CARROT
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) NANDINI, BOMMIDI; Keshari, Nishi
    The carrot (Daucus carota sub sp. sativus) is a cool season root crop, belongs to umbelliferae family, is a native of Central Asia. Although the branches and leaves of the plant are also eaten, the tap root is the part that is most frequently consumed. From long and thin to short and thick, roots come in a variety of diameters. The carrot root is abundant in beta carotene, a precursor to pro vitamin A that prevents the condition known as xeropthalmia also called as night blindness. Carrot crops are badly destroyed worldwide by root-knot nematode, which is a big problem in most of the crops. The research is planned to study pathogenicity and management of M. incognita in carrot. For pathogenicity, the plants were inoculated with different levels of inoculum densities (10, 100, 1000, 5000, 10000 J2/kg soil). The result showed that the highest root length was observed in plants that were inoculated 4 weeks after germination (14.49 cm) as opposed to plants that were inoculated 2 weeks after germination (5.64 cm) when inoculated with 10 J2/kg soil. At an inoculum level of 10,000 J2/kg soil, plants inoculated two weeks later germination had the highest number of galls per seedling (67.33), compared to plants inoculated four weeks later germination (51.33). Thus, it was found that, the plants that are inoculated 2 weeks after germination are more sensitive than plants that are inoculated 4 weeks after germination. The goal of the current study was to determine how well organic amendments, leaf extracts and bioagents worked against Meloidogyne incognita in carrot. The root-knot nematode was most effectively managed by Pseudomonas putida @ 10 g/pot followed by neem cake @ 10 g/pot, as shown by raising all plant development indices and falling nematode multiplication parameters. As opposed to organic amendments and leaf extracts, bioagents were yielding favorable results.