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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Home Science Extension Education × Author: MOHANTA, DIBYA SHIKHA × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STATUS OF WOMEN AGRIPRENEURS IN BIHAR
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2021) MOHANTA, DIBYA SHIKHA; Kumari, Arunima
    Indian economy mainly consists of agriculture as more than 60 percent of people depend on agriculture directly or indirectly for their living which means one in every two individual occupation is agriculture. So, Agripreneurship becomes an essential way to develop the economic condition of the country. As women constitute almost half of the population of the country and their contribution extends from agriculture, food security, horticulture to food processing, nutrition, so agripreneurship of women is essential not only for women empowerment but also for development of Indian economy. It is seen that very large population of India is still below poverty line and Bihar is one of the poorest states in the country. According to census 2011, Bihar total literacy rate is 63.82 percent among which female literacy rate is 53.33 percent. And due to low literacy rate and employment crises it is not possible for many of them to get employment. So, Agripreneurship is the only way that employ many women livings in both rural and urban area, especially for the women who are practicing farming and thereby making them independent and rising their status. Keeping all the facts into mind, the following objectives were framed under this study: 1. To find out sector wise no. of Women Agripreneurs present in study area. 2. To find out role of different institutions in promotion of Women Agripreneurs. 3. To ascertain the factors influencing Agripreneurship behaviour of women. 4. To study major challenges faced by Women Agripreneurs. Methodology The study was conducted in Samastipur and Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. These two districts were selected purposively as Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University main campus and sub campus is situated in Samastipur and Muzaffarpur respectively. Samastipur consist of 20 blocks out of which 2 blocks namely Pusa and Kalyanpur were selected for study. And Muzaffarpur consist of 16 blocks out of which Sakra and Muzzafarpur town area were selected and the study was extended to more blocks of Muzaffarpur which include Saraiya and Bochaha blocks purposefully to complete the study properly. Total sample of 120 women agripreneurs were taken from different sectors. Total type of 10 agro-based enterprise were selected for the study namely mushroom enterprise, papad making, bakery unit, pickle making using preservation technique of fruits and vegetables, poultry enterprise, animal husbandry (goat rearing and cow for its milk), organic vegetable enterprise, textile enterprise, honey enterprise and Lac bangle enterprise. The dependent variable was factors affecting decision making behaviour of women agripreneurs, Schedule was also developed to measure the independent and dependent variables and some tools were also used. Major finding of the study: From the research study it can be concluded that major purpose of women agripreneurs to start enterprise was financial need of the family. So, need of money was a major factor for women agripreneurs that influenced them to start an enterprise. The study showed that most of the women agripreneurs (97.5%) were married and belonged to middle age group (63.33%) and it was found that married middle age women had more responsibilities of family. Average education level that was seen was up to 10th and 59.17 percent belong to OBC category. The study revealed that among 10 different enterprises, 22.5 percent women were involved in vegetable production and was highest percent involvement among other enterprises. Nearby, 50 percent of women agripreneurs monthly income was seen between 5000 to 15000. Various institutions that supported women agripreneurs were KVK, AICRP on mushroom, Madhumakhi Palan Kendra, AICRP on Home Science, State Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda. It was also known from the study that majority of decision related to enterprise deciding selling area were taken with husband. It was known from the study that women agripreneurs had good knowledge about different training institutions whose mean was found 1.55 but had very less knowledge regarding financial institutions (mean = 0.64). The source of finance for majority (77.5%) of women agripreneurs was their family and very less preferred to take loan from bank, it was found that due to so many formalities and lengthy procedure they don’t prefer to take loan from bank. Regarding mass media exposure it was found that internet was used by majority of women agripreneurs whose mean was found 2.6 and magazine was not preferred by maximum of them (mean = 0.092). Major obstacles faced while starting of enterprise was unavailability of raw material at less cost (mean = 0.39) followed by negative attitude of people whose mean was found 0.37, and it was known that family support was received by most of them (mean = 0.97). Major problem faced during running their enterprise was selling problem whose mean was found 0.57 and 27.5 percent faced restrictions while it come to marketing and selling of products.