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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access Activities of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Samastipur district of Bihar: an evaluative study(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2018) Kumar, Bipul; Shekhar, DibyanshuThe ICAR has established KVKs all over the country by making provision for multidisciplinary team of scientists. The institution is playing strategic role in technology back stopping, knowledge management and advisory to the stake holders like farmers, farm women, rural youths and extension personnel. The number of KVKs has risen to 645 and 106.more KVKs are to be established in the newly created districts and some larger districts. The KVK scheme is 100% financed by Govt. of India. The KVK, Samastipur was established in 2004 in 50 Acres of land at Birauli. which is 8 km away from the University headquarters and 15 km from the Samastipur district town. The KVK, Samastipur has under taken many interventions like training, OFT, FLD and other capacity building programmes to enhance the well being of farmers through enhancing production, productivity and profitability. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birauli Samastipur has been bestowed with the award of “Best KVK (Zone-II)” by Hon‟ble Agriculture & Food Processing Industry Minister, Sri Sharad Pawar at the 8th National Conference on KVK organized at University of Agriculture Science, Bangaluru from 23rd-25th October, 2013.In view of the same, effort was made to undertake a study entitled. “Activities of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Samastipur District of Bihar: An Evaluative Study” with the following specific objectives: To determine the coverage area through activities of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Samastipur. To find out the socio-economic characteristic of the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. To explore the knowledge level and Extent of adoption of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries farmers related with prime activities undertaken by the Krishi Vigyan Kendra. To assess the effect of different activities on the socio-economic development of beneficiaries. To examine the association between the selected independent variables and dependent variables. During 2016-17, all together 2842 farmers were trained by KVK, Birauli where as 759 farmers had benefited through different FLDs. More than Rs.8.0 lakh was earned by KVK through selling of planting materials, vermicmpost and publication where as 5000 farmers were benefited from other extension activities like Kisan Mela, Gosthi, diagnostic or field visit, advisories etc. more than 10 on farm trail were conducted for assessment and refinement. Majority of the respondents (88.89 per cent) belonged to middle to old age group having agriculture along with dairy and business as their major occupation. Further it was found that the annual income of majority of the respondents was in between 1 to 2 lakh per annum and most of the selected respondents had an educational attainment of intermediate and above. The majority (84.44 per cent) of the respondents belonged to small to marginal land holding category with a family size of more than 5 family members. In terms of farm mechanization, contact with extension agency, economic motivation the EDP beneficiaries‟ ranked top among others (i.e. FLD and non beneficiaries). In case of use of available source of information only 50% of total selected respondents used available source of information, out of them EDP beneficiaries again possess the major proportion. However, the EDP beneficiaries were the most frequently in contact with extension agency. It was also revealed during the study that EDP beneficiaries were found more aware related with knowledge of the activity of KVK undertaken in this study i.e., Mushroom production technology and vermicompost technology. While in case of knowledge level of FLD beneficiaries was having more knowledge about seed variety, package and practices of crop production than non-beneficiaries. Further in terms of adoption the vermicompost technology was most adopted by the beneficiaries and the impact of vermicompost training activities on the socio-economic development of beneficiaries possess high. During the study, it was found that age, land and source of income of the respondents were significantly associated with the knowledge level of the farmers. also, social participation improved technology.ThesisItem Open Access A diagnostic study of makhana production technology among the growers of Madhubani district(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2018) Kumar, Avinash; Singh, Ashok K.Makhana is grown in stagnant perennial water bodies like ponds, land depressions, jheel, swamps, ditches or wetlands having stagnant shallow water (4-6 ft) which are of perennial in nature. Makhana is an aquatic and floating leaf emergent macrophyte. It is an absolutely seed propagated plant and germination of new plant arises from fully matured seeds. In India, its production is spread over in the states of Bihar, West Bengal, Manipur, Tripura, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Eastern Odisha and Uttar Pradesh for its starchy white edible seeds. Bihar state has the monopoly in Makhana production in the country. Darbhanga, Madhubani, Saharsa, Katihar, Purnea, Supaul, Kishanganj, Araria and Sitamari districts are major pockets for Makhana cultivation. These districts comprise an area of approx 15,000 ha under makhana cultivation with an average productivity of 1.5 t/ha. The current production of makhana in the state is pegged at around 25,000 tonnes per annum of which around 10,000 tonnes is being processed. At present, some fragmented information’s are available about the Makhana production, however, the crop is such important in nature that the in-depth scientific endeavour is required related with nature and traditional system of Makhana cultivation with the help of makhana growers who are the ultimate producers of this black diamond. Owing to richness in the nutritive contents and having a great potential for cash crop in order to make double the farmers income the present study has been planned, “A Diagnostic Study of Makhana Production Technology among the Growers of Madhubani District” with following specific objectives: 1. To know the demographical, socio-economic and personal characteristics of Makhana growers. 2. To assess the extent of knowledge related with Makhana Production Technology. 3. To examine the Traditional Wisdom related with different methods of Makhana cultivation. 4. To identify the constraints as confronted by Makhana growers. 5. To suggest the strategies for eliminating the constraints in order to enhance the Makhana production In the study four blocks namely Pandaul, Rahika, Kaluahi and Benipatti was selected of the Madhubani district. Out of the selected blocks 23 respondents were selected from Pandaul block, 31 respondents from Rahika, 25 from Kaluahi and 21 from Benipatti block. Thus, altogether a total sample size of 100 was taken for study. On the basis of extensive review of literature, discussion with concerned scientists, extension experts and members of advisory committee twelve independent and two dependent variables were selected for the purpose of study. The main independent variables were age, caste, education, family size, sources of livelihood, total income and debt status, earning from makhana, contact with extension agency, community participation, seasonal involvement (month wise), risk bearing ability and level of satisfaction while knowledge and Makhana production technology were served as the dependent variable in course of the study. It was found in the study that 29% makhana growers belong to the age group of 46-55 years and 98% of them belong to the same caste category, i.e. Sahni-Mallah. Majority of respondents (40%) were illiterate and 45% of the selected sample had a family size of 4-7 person further 52% respondent had makhana, fisheries combine with the agriculture as their sources of livelihood and 59% respondents having an annual income of `50,001-1 lakh. Majority (89%) of respondents don’t have any loan. 76% of respondents found an earning of `25,001-50,000 from makhana while, 61% of selected respondents earn the same amount from fisheries. The 77% of selected respondent were found to have membership of fisherman cooperative society as well as their contact with extension agency however, 79% respondents utilise television as their mass media information source. It was also found that 59% of respondents have medium level of risk orientation and 70% have medium level of satisfaction. In terms of knowledge and traditional wisdom it was found that they are still practicing the method of their forefathers due to lack of scientific knowledge. There were several constraints found during the course of study through open end question. Further they were categorized in four groups as: (i) Production constraints, (ii) Economic constraints, (iii) Technological (iv) Policy related.Which are enlisted on appropriate place with frequency and percentage score along with the suggestions reported by growers in order to eliminate them.ThesisItem Open Access Uses of Weather Forecasting Advisory Services as Disseminated by Dr.R.P.C.A.U among the farmers of Muzaffarpur District(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2018) Kumari, Shweta; Prakash, SatyaAgriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Compared to various other sectors of economy, agriculture is unique, whose output is largely dependent on weather conditions. The degree of success of agriculture production and its economics is determined to a significant extent by how well weather conditions corresponding to the optimal requirements of the crop are best exploited to raise the crops. Also, how effectively adverse weather conditions, which cause moisture, thermal, wind, radiation and biotic stress impeding growth and development of crop are managed to minimize their adversity. Further to this, it also depends on management aspects of preventing the crops from severe weather conditions. Agriculture in India and entire world in mostly dependent on the persisting weather conditions. The alteration is global warming has dramatically effected agriculture and its productivity. The increase in temperature has significantly led to change in the agricultural zones and shift in the growing seasons. On the other hand the change in the rainfall pattern is the serious threat to agriculture, which turn affects the country’s economy and food security. The delayed or inadequate monsoons also cause influence on the sale of agriculture inputs such as fertilizers, agrochemicals, tractors etc. So advance weather forecasting is essential for mass awakening. It is evident from experiences that yearly information of weather and appropriate advisory minimizes the production loss of farmers. Therefore, In view of the effectiveness of advisory services study has been proposed with the following specific objectives: 1. To assess the socio- economic and personal characteristics of users. 2. To explore the level of knowledge and attitude of users towards the weather forecasting information. 3. To study the extent of adoption of weather forecasting information as disseminated by R.P.C.A.U. 4. To identify the different constraints as perceived by the users related with adoption of weather forecasting information. 5. To ascertain the relationship between selected socio- economic and personal characteristics of users with the adoption level of weather forecasting information. The study was conducted in Marwan and Saraiya block of Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. One village was selected from each block i.e. Bhagwatpur and Ballysaraiya. 30 farmers were selected from each village so total numbers of farmers were 60 for study purpose. Twelve independent variables of the study were: Age, Caste, Occupation, Education, Family type, Family size, Annual family income, Social participation, Sources of information utilized, Attitude, Farming experience, Land of size holding. The dependent variables were: Knowledge level and Extent of adoption. All the variables were measured strictly under the set rule and procedure, with scale and schedule developed for the study. An interview schedule was prepared and face to face interview was carried out with farmers. Appropriate statistical tests were used for data analysis. This study concluded that maximum per cent of farmers were belonged to middle age group, OBC caste, farming occupation, high school education level, joint family type, medium size family, less than Rs.50, 000 annual family income. Likewise farmers had not member of any organization in social participation, often used TV and AAS bulletin as source of information, above 10 years of farming experience, marginal land holding group. It is also concluded that farmer had medium level of knowledge about weather forecasting information, medium favourable attitude towards weather forecasting information, medium level of adoption of weather forecasting information. It can be observed that “Farmers could not understand SMS on mobile due to lack of knowledge of its application” and “The farmers cannot get time to view weather forecast advisory services due to delay in media” has got first and second rank respectively while “Farmers are not able to know the economic benefits of weather forecasts” has got last rank in constraints perceived by the farmers. It is also observed that attitude and size of land holding had a positive significant association with the level of adoption of farmers towards weather forecasting information.ThesisItem Open Access Study on Effectiveness of different Extension Teaching methods under KVK System of Bihar(Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2017) Ojha, Pankaj Kumar; Singh, MadanExtension education is an informal out of school education designed to help rural people to satisfy their needs, interest and desires. All the extension activities carried out through various extension teaching methods. In another words, we can say that extension teaching methods are the wheels of extension education. This study was mainly focused to explore the effectiveness of various extension teaching methods used by extension functionaries, viz. SMS from KVKs and Agricultural coordinators from state agricultural department of Bihar to train the farmers according to their needs. In general, effectiveness is a measure of the match between stated goals and their achievement. Erlendsson (2002) says that effectiveness as the extent to which objectives are met (‘doing the right things). The Extension Teaching methods are broadly classified into two groups: (1). According to use and (2). According to form. Further use based teaching methods classified into 3 groups like (1). Individual methods, (2). Group methods and (3). Mass methods. Each group has different sub-methods. In this study, we have three groups of extension teaching methods like individual, group and mass contact methods, each group having 7, 10 and 15 methods respectively. We measured the effectiveness of these methods by providing rank order, the ranks were provided by respondents as per their perception. The rank order has been provided through ‘Garrett Ranking Technique’. Beside the effectiveness, we also measured job involvement, job satisfaction and knowledge level of respondents about extension teaching methods. The descriptive type of research design has applied to this study. The three districts of Bihar like Samastipur, Sitamarhi and East Champaran were purposefully selected as locale under the study. Extension professionals like SMS from KVKs and Agricultural Coordinators from department of Agriculture, government of Bihar and farmers equally from selected locale were the respondents of the study. The data were collected through the well structures interview schedule and through face to face interview. Mainly correlation, chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis of the collected data. There were eight independent variables like age, education, service experience, job involvement, job satisfaction, sources of information, sources of income and knowledge level of extension professionals about different extension teaching methods and there was single dependent variable as effectiveness of different extension teaching methods. The analysis revealed that most of the respondents belonged to middle age group. Mostly (60 % and 51.7 %) they were belonged to backward caste. Majority of respondents were male under the study. All the extension personnel are married while 68.3 per cent farmers were married. Majority of respondents were belonged to joint family type. Majority (46.7 %) of extension professionals have small landholdings while majority of farmers have medium sized landholdings. Majority (46.7 %) of extension professionals was found to have M.Sc. (Ag.) or equivalent degree and 26.7 % have Ph.D. degree. Majority (53.3%) of farmers were found to have intermediate level of education. Majority of extension professionals were found to have long (> 10 years) service experience, 90 per cent were found to have salary as a main source of income, most of them frequently used the sources of information like through training (80 %), by farmers’ field visit (93 %), internet (83 %), mobile (77 %) and books (60 %). In case of farmers they were mostly used the sources of information like mobile (91.7 %), TV (76.6 %), radio (71.7 %), and through scientists (90 %). The professionals were found to have good knowledge level of extension teaching aids, extension teaching methods, handling of different teaching methods. Most (62.5 %) of the SMS were found to have medium level of job involvement while 50 % Agricultural Coordinators have high level of job involvement. Majority of SMS were found to have high level of job satisfaction while most (57.7 %) of the Agricultural Coordinators were less satisfied with their job. Farm and home visit, telephonic calls, farmers’ call, adaptive and mini kit trial and farm clinic were found to have frequently used individual contact methods, with respect to group contact method demonstration, leader training meetings, lecture methods, result demonstration and group discussion were frequently used and in context of mass contact bulletins, leaflets, literature, digital training were found to have frequently used by KVKs of selected locale. Farm and home visit, farmers call, method demonstration, internet, agricultural shows, etc. were found effective in acquiring knowledge, skill development and formatting attitude. The extension professionals were stated some constraints during handling of extension teaching methods. The constraints were related to extension teaching aids, extension teaching methods and some personal and psychological traits.ThesisItem Open Access Mushroom Training Programme of R.A.U. – A Critical Analysis of Samstipur District(Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2015) Kumari, Priyanka; Prakash, SatyaMushroom cultivation is very relevant to developing nations as this may help in alleviation of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and also to improve economic standard of the masses. The study based on primary data was conducted in two villages i.e. Thahara and Morsand in Pusa block of Samastipur district. Mushroom, locally known as khumbhi. It is also becoming a source of income generating giving source economic security to the unemployed rural youth in the country. Due to growing health awareness, the demand of mushroom has increased at faster rate, which has created immense opportunity in the field of mushroom production. Owing to its wide market potential and higher good return a good number of rural youth are attracted towards taking it as an entrepreneur. Looking into this, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar established Mushroom Training centre at it’s headquarter at Pusa. The analysis revealed that most of the beneficiaries growers belonged to young age group (53.33 per cent), SC category (67 per cent), literate up to high school and above (60 per cent), medium land holding (13 per cent), annual income medium to high (47 per cent), farmers and cultivators were (40 per cent), High entrepreneurial orientation (53 per cent), high innovative proneness (50 per cent), high level of Risk orientation (60 per cent). Some of the independent variables such as education, size of land holding, entrepreneurial orientation, Risk orientation, innovative proneness, and source of information utilized were found to be statistically significant. The result of the study revealed that level of knowledge among trained beneficiaries was high and markedly different from non-beneficiaries. Adoption level and involvement for income generation among beneficiaries was found to be higher than non- beneficiaries and statistically significant. Hence mushroom training had been successful and had significant impact on mushroom growers and respondents were also impacted by training in enhanced level of awareness, income generating ability, tackling the constraints and maintain profitability and sustainability. Hence training programme need to be given to large number of respondents in order to eliminate their poverty for better livelihood and social and economical recognition.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of Training under Rastriya Sam Vikas Yojana in Samastipur District on Adoption behavior of Kisan Mitra(RAU, Pusa (Samastipur), 2014) Singh, Vinod Kumar; Singh, MadanThesisItem Open Access Livelihood security through NREGA: an impact study in Pusa block of Samastipur district of Bihar.(Rajendra Agricultural University, 2011) Tigga, Adline Shanta; Sinha, K. K.The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005(NREGA) was brought into force by the Union government in February 2006. Which was renamed on 2nd October 2009 as MGNREGA i.e. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. It is the first nation-wide employment scheme that guarantees employment legally to India’s rural population. According to the Union Rural Development Ministry’s figures, more than 1.36 crore people of the country’s total population have been given jobs under the Act. It guarantees 100 days of unskilled jobs per rural household. More importantly, the Act aims at eradication of extreme poverty and at making villages self-sustaining through productive assets creation. This is meant to regenerate the rural natural resource base, which in turn, will result in sustainable livelihoods for residents. The government has referred to it as an “Act of the people, by the people, and for the people”. In Pusa block of Samastipur district the NREGA is in operation for about two and half years and no imperial and systemic study has been carried out so far. Therefore, it was imperative to assess the impact or performance of NREGA, running in this block. It is with this background the present study has been planned with the following specific objectives: 1. To explore the extent of awareness about NREGA among the target group of the Act. 2. To assess the impact of the Act as per its objectives. 3. To assess the contribution of the Act in terms of creation of infrastructure in the rural areas. 4. To explore the extent to which the Act has been able to check the migration of rural labourers. 5. To find out the socio-economic characteristic of the beneficiaries. 6. To analyze the constraints/problems as perceived by the beneficiaries in terms of proper implementation of the Act. Pusa block of Samastipur district had been purposively selected as locale of the study, considering simply the reason that researcher is known to the officials of the block from whom time to time information could be gathered, needed to complete the task and also due to the fact of availability of NREGA beneficiaries in this block. There are altogether 20 blocks in Samastipur district. Out of which Pusa block had been selected purposively for the study, the sample respondent for the study consist of 120 NREGA card holders (60 male & 60 female), selected from 4 villages of the two panchayats of Pusa block following the simple random sampling technique. Based upon the consultation of literature, discussion with the faculty and pre testing of the schedule the direct and indirect variables such as socioeconomic profile of the respondents, the impact of the employment generation Act, the extent of awareness, and creation of infrastructure along with the constraints if any, regarding proper implementation of the Act were selected. A schedule was developed for the study in and around the independent and dependent variables. The schedule was standardized through pre-testing of the same on separate sample in Pusa block of Samastipur district. Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and multiple regression analysis, besides frequencies and percentage, were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that among the socio economic characteristics, in the case of age majority of the beneficiaries that is 47 per cent belonged to the young age group. In the case of caste, maximum NREGA beneficiaries were of schedule caste (72%). Most of the respondents, were illiterate (40%), having family educational status of the category of no education of (45%). Majority of the beneficiaries were of nuclear family type (63.5%) with the large family size, (65.8%). Maximum (57%) of the beneficiaries were found land less.49.2 percent of the NREGA beneficiaries were belonged to the category of family annual income in between Rs.10,001-15,000. Level of awareness about NREGA was found to be high (74 %). So far as person days employment is concerned, the employment for l00 days was reported by only 11.6 per cent of the responded only. However in the case of rise in income level of NREGA beneficiaries, there is a continuous shift has been noticed. The percentage of beneficiaries in very low and low income groups has significantly decreased from 6.7 to 0 per cent and 42.5 to 29.2 per cent respectively and correspondingly the percentage of income group of medium and high has significantly increased from 59 to 49.2 per cent and 9.2 to 29.6 per cent respectively after involvement under NREGA. The component wise impact in terms of economic impact, social impact, health impact, psychological impact, environmental impact, infrastructural impact and institutional impact. The data revealed that under economic impact the substantial impact was noticed in the area of enhanced purchasing power, as the mean score has been found to be the highest in these categories, followed by employment in agricultural lean period. Under social impact the substantial impact have been recorded in the area of reduced depending on village money lenders, with the mean score value 4.35. So far as the impact in health and hygiene is concerned, the substantial impact has been noticed, to the improvement in the nutritional security with the mean score 3.8 and accessing medial family with mean score 2.72. Thought is being developed to become self-employed in near future was found to be as substantial impact in the psychological category with the mean score value 2.55. Similarly, conservation of natural resources did find place under the category of environmental impact with mean score 2.69. The NREGA beneficiaries have accepted a substantial impact in the area of rural connectivity, among the infrastructural impact. Respondent believed strengthening of gram root democracy was ranked first with mean score value 3.27 under the intuitional impact. As regards as the contribution of NREGA in respect of check in migration is concerned, it was found that, (60%) of the beneficiaries were reporting for the moderately check in migration. The co-efficient of correlation between impact of act and socio economic value of the male NREGA beneficiaries, it was found that, age, caste, type of family, family size, land holding, family income, constraints and migration were found negatively significant and education, family education status, were found to be positively significant. In the case of female NREGA beneficiaries, age, caste, family education status, family type, family size, constraint and migration were found to be negatively significant. While education, land holding and family income were found non-significant. The R value, under multiple regression between impact of act and socio economic variables of the male and female NREGA beneficiaries was found .82 and .80, indicated that this set of variables explained 82 & 80 per cent of variability with the impact of act. The co-efficient of correlation between awareness of different component/ provision of the act and socio economic characteristics of male NREGA beneficiaries; it was found that, age, caste, type of family, family size, family income, constraints and migration were found negatively significant and education was found positively significant. While among, female NREGA beneficiaries, it was found that, age, type of family, family size, family income, constraints and migration were found negative and significant whereas, caste and education was found positively significant. The R value, under multiple regression between awareness of different component/provision of the act and socio economic variables of the male and female NREGA beneficiaries was found .79 and .76, indicated that this set of variables explained 79 & 76 per cent of variability with the awareness of the act . The constraints found among the NREGA beneficiaries were mainly, psychological, social and institutional constraints. Out of these in the psychological constraints, the major constraints noticed in the area of illiteracy among the beneficiaries with the mean score value 1.74. Lack of complete knowledge about different component of NREGA. In terms of social constraints, caste based biasness regarding getting work under NREGA was found highly problematic with the mean score value 2.8. Under the institutional constraints, out of eight constraints shortage of technical personnel at the work site was ranked first with the mean score 3.7. A number of centrally sponsored scheme have been implemented under Rural Development Mission and welfare for the poor. But NREGA is one of the greatest experiments, undertaken in India to eradicate rural poverty. The scheme has been launched to supplement the error and gaps of all previous schemes with the involvement of panchayat civil society and local administration. Poor families were targeted to get benefits of employment and livelihood to supplement their family income. On the basis of foregoing results and findings of study it is concluded that although the impact of NREGA on the whole, was not found very satisfactory yet the beneficiaries perceived that, they had got enhancement in their livelihood security on sustained basis through NREGA. As it is a flagship program of the country for the targeted group there should be an actual impact of it. Hence to overcome the constraints faced by the beneficiaries, appropriate suggestive measures should be taken i.e. there should be transparency regarding payment of wages to the beneficiaries, gram panchayat should have a project made out of its own assessment. Preference of work should be given for the poor, women and disabled person, with no disturbance on muster rolls. Social audit must be at gram sabha. Although, various types of impact of NREGA like economic, social, health and hygiene, physiological, environmental, infrastructural, and institutional impact etc. had collectively accelerated NREGA beneficiaries to have a secured livelihood up to some extent; yet implementers have to go miles to bring out the transparency and accountability in functioning of NREGA, so that the beneficiaries could get the targeted impact of the Act.