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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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2001 - 200912010 - 20132
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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2013 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on population dynamics and management of shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée) in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)”
    (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, 2001) Nishad, Munna Kumar; Singh, Mukesh Kumar
    In context to determine the seasonal abundance and to explore the possibility of management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalisGuenée), the field experiments were carried out in kharif, 2017 at Experimental Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur,Bihar. The brief experimental findings pertaining to the various aspects are as follows: The pest infested the crop after four weeks of transplanting, i.e. the stage of initial flowering and the population of L. orbonalis (2.73 %) was observed in the 38th standard week i.e. from 5th week after transplanting of experiments and it continuously increased (19.24 %) up to 43rd standard week i.e. 10th week after transplanting. After that the population remained stabilized up to 48th standard week. It could be inferred that the pest population in the beginning was low (2.73 %), which gradually increased and reached at its peak (19.36 %) on 47th standard week. There after its population started declining slowly in consequent observations (18.08 to 7.96 %) i.e. after 48th to 52th standard week. The maximum population (19.36 %) was observed in 47thstandard week. The maximum per cent infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (19.36 %) was recorded during 47th standard week, when corresponding weather parameters viz. maximum, minimum temperature (00C), relative humidity (%) at 07 and 14 hours, rainfall (mm), wind velocity (km/hr) and sunshine (hours) were 27.8, 12.4, 85, 61, 0, 2.5, and 5.3, respectively. On the other hand minimum infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (2.73 %) was recorded during 38th standard week, which was initial infestation, when the weather parameters were 33.5, 26.1, 88, 70, 30, 6, and 5.2, respectively.The minimum temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind velocity and sunshine hours have great impact on the population build up of Leucinodes orbonalis,that is having highly significant relation, which shows that decrease in temperature, greatly reduces the population of Leucinodes orbonalis.While maximum temperature and relative humidity in morning hours have non-significant impact on Leucinodes orbonalispopulation. The field efficacy of newer insecticides and bio-pesticides, against brinjal shoot and fruit borer(Leucinodes orbonalis) on brinjal (cv- Pant Rituraj), comprising spinosad @ 0.10 ml/l, emamectin benzoate @ 0.20 g/l, abamectin @ 1.5 ml/l, metaflumizone @ 2 ml/l, fipronil @ 0.10 ml/l, chlorfenpyr @ 3 ml/l, flubendiamide @ 0.10 ml/l, neem oil @ 3%, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)@ 1 g/l, profenofos + cypermethrin mixture (40%+4%) @ 1.5ml/l was evaluated. Among the tested insecticides and bio-pesticide, the overall best performances was found in case of metaflumizone @ 2 ml/l which was at par with spinosad @ 0.10 ml/l both on shoots as well as fruit damage basis. Fipronil treated plots recorded maximum cost benefit ratio of 1:14.8 as compared to other treatments. It was closely followed by metaflumizone (1:9.5) and Bacillus thuringiensis (1:9.2), respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bio-efficacy of some newer acaricides and population dynamics of red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on brinjal, Solanum melongena L.
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2013) Monica, Vamguri Latha; Kumar, Anil
    In order to study the bioefficacy of newer acaricides and population dynamics of red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on brinjal, experiments were conducted in the laboratory as well as in field conditions from the month of March to August 2012. The bioefficacy of newer acaricides against T.urticae was determined in the laboratory at Department of Entomology, S.R.I, R.A.U, where as the field experiment was laid out at the Research Farm of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar, India. The results pertaining to the present studies have been abstracted below. The absolute population of two spotted mite, T.urticae commenced from the third week of March 2012 and continued its activity till the month of August. Initial population was low and gradually reached peak (6.91 mites per 1 cm2 leaf area) in the first week of June when the weather parameters viz.; maximum and minimum temperature (0C), relative humidity (%) at 07 and 14 hours and recorded 38.3, 27.1, 76 and 47 respectively. There was no rainfall (mm) during this period of observation. These weather parameters were found to be congenial for the population build up of red spider mite. The mite population gradually declined from the month of July and became untraceable in the month of August. The relationship between the population of T. urticae and the weather parameters showed significant positive correlation (r= 0.814) with maximum temperature and significant negative correlation (r= -0.425) with relative humidity at 07 hrs while, non-significant with minimum temperature, relative humidity at 14 hrs and rainfall. All these weather parameters combinedly produced 73.50 percent impact on mite population (R2 = 0.735). Eight newer acaricides including standard check (dicofol) that were tested against T. urticae on brinjal crop in laboratory conditions revealed that the treatments, T8 (dicofol @ 4 ml/ltr), T2 (fenopyroximate @ 0.8 ml/ltr), T3 (spiromesifan@ 0.7 ml/ltr ), T6 (propargite @ 4.0 ml/ltr ) and T1 (diafenthurion @ 0.75 gm/ltr) were highly effective by causing 98% mortality and possessed excellent acaricidal properties. It is quite evident from the data that the per cent mortality increased with increase in exposure period under laboratory condition. Under field conditions also, the bioefficacy of acaricides showed same pattern as that in laboratory conditions. The standard check i.e., dicofol recorded cent per cent mortality in the laboratory and 80 percent mortality in the field conditions respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bio-efficacy of Some Newer Insecticides against Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guen) and their residues in/on brinjal fruits.
    (Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), 2013) Gupta, Surya Prakash; Singh, S. P.
    Bio-efficacy of six newer insecticides – emamectin benzoate (15 g a.i. ha-1), imidacloprid (20 g a.i. ha-1), indoxacarb (50 g a.i. ha-1) lambda – cyhalothrin (15 g a.i. ha-1) and spinosad (50 g a.i. ha-1) along with quinalphos (250 g a.i. ha-1) was evaluated against shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.) in brinjal (Solanum melongena Linn) at Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during Rabi 2012-13. Spinosad treatment was significantly superior to others and at par with emamectin benzoate in reducing the shoot and fruit borer damage. Spinosad at 50 g a.i. ha-1 recorded the maximum fruit yield (280.42 q ha-1). It was followed by emamectin benzoate at15 g a.i. ha-1 (267.74 q ha-1) and indoxacarb at 50 g a.i. ha-1 (262.58 q ha-1). Lambda - cyhalothrin 15 g a.i. ha-1 treatment recorded maximum cost - benefit ratio of 1: 4.23 closely followed by imidacloprid 20 g and quinalphos 250 g a.i. ha-1 with ICBR of 1: 3.71 and 1: 3.43, respectively. Residues of imidacloprid at 20 g a.i. ha-1 and lambda – cyhalothrin at 15 g a.i. ha-1 were estimated quantitatively by HPLC/GLC in/on brinjal fruits. Initial deposits of insecticides were higher in imidacloprid than lambda – cyhalothrin. Initial deposits of 0.652 mg kg-1 of imidacloprid dissipated to 93.17 per cent on 10th day. In lambda – cyhalothrin the initial deposits were 0.138 mg kg-1 which dissipated to 92.75 per cent on 10th day. The degradation of imidacloprid was relatively higher as compared to lambda – cyhalothrin. Both imidacloprid and lambda – cyhalothrin had half – life values of 1.92 and 2.65 days, respectively on brinjal fruits. The safe waiting period for imidacloprid was found 4.70 days. In lambda - cyhalothrin, no waiting period is required after its application as the initial deposits were less than its MRL (0.3 mg kg-1). Simple washing of treated brinjal fruits with tap water removed insecticide residue in significant amount. The per cent removal of insecticide residues were to the extent of 25.23 – 36.20 per cent in imidacloprid and in lambda – cyhalothrin, the reduction in residue was 28.57 – 42.75 per cent.