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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20231
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Subject: Agronomy × Author: BARALA, VIJESH KUMAR × End date: 2023 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Brown Manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and Nano Urea on Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) under Rice – Wheat Cropping System
    (RPCAU, Pusa, 2023) BARALA, VIJESH KUMAR; Srivastava, Rajeev Kumar
    The research-work was conducted in the kharif and rabi season of 2022- 23 at Research-Farm RPCAU-Pusa, Bihar to study the “Effect of Brown Manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and Nano Urea on Direct Seeded Rice (DSR) under Rice–Wheat Cropping System”. The experimental soil was a sandy-loam and had a low SOC (0.40%), low availability of N (211 kg ha-1) and K (110 kg ha-1), medium availability of P (11.0 kg ha-1), and pH was found in alkaline range i.e., 8.81. The major three objectives of current research work viz., to study the effect of Brown manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and nano urea on growth and yield of DSR and its residual effect on Wheat under Rice-Wheat cropping system; to evaluate the performance of Brown manuring along with varying combination of Fe, Zn and Nano urea on physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of DSR under Rice-Wheat cropping system; to work out the economics. The current field study was done on Rice (DSR)-wheat cropping system with eight varying nutrient management strategies, which being administered in rice component crop only (variety: Rajendra Bhagwati) and data was also recorded for wheat (variety, DBW-252) besides rice in order to find the residual effect of different treatment in rice on succeeding component crop (wheat) to observe residual effect. The treatment details are mentioned here T1: 100% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN), T2: 100% RDN + Brown Manuring (BM), T3: 50% RDN + two foliar application of Nano Urea @ 0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS (Days After Sowing), T4: 50% RDN + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5%, T5: 50% RDN + two spray of FeSO4 @1% & ZnSO4 @0.5%, T6: 50% RDN + BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS, T7: 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5%, T8: 50% RDN + BM +two spray of FeSO4 @ 1% & ZnSO4 @ 0.5%. Whatever data generated for rice and wheat component crops were analysed by suitable statistical design i.e., Randomised Block Design (RBD) and experimental variables under study was randomised in replication block as well as replicated thrice. Recommended Dose of P and K was applied invariably in all different treatments. The one-year investigation revealed that application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% (T7) was found best in respect to almost all growth and yield attributing characters including plant height (cm), dry matter accumulation (g m-2), crop growth rate (g m-2 d-1), tiller numbers m-2, leaf count m-2, biomass partitioning (leaf, culm and panicle hill-1 g-1), canopy cover etc., as well as yield attributes (no. of panicle m-2, panicle length in cm and no. of grains panicle-1) & yields of rice and this treatment was found significantly better than 50% RDN + two foliar application of Nano Urea @ 0.4% at 25 & 55 DAS (T4) and over the rest treatments also. It means application of nano-urea along with the Fe, Zn and BM resulted in markedly higher growth and yield comparing to RDN only in the direct seeded rice. In following wheat crop, the significant effect of brown manuring being administered in rice crop (previous crop) had been observed, which showed residual effect BM applied in rice crop on succeeding crop wheat. The best growth and yield results including plant height (cm), DMA (Dry Matter Accumulation - gm-2), tiller numbers m-2, leaf count m-2, yield attributes (no. of spike m-2, spike length-cm, no. of spikelet spike-1 and no. of grains spike-1) and yields (grain and straw) of rice was found in T7 that involved the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% and this treatment was statistically at par with the other three treatments that had good crop growth in the previous crop and had brown manure. Regarding nutrient content in plants, it was found that application nano-N considerably changed the N content (%) of rice's grain and straw. However, there were no any significant differences between plants' P and K contents. T7 shows maximum content of N (nitrogen-%) and this was significantly higher than T4. After harvest of rice, from the soil nutrient (fertility) point of view, the OC (organic carbon) and nitrogen were found markedly higher in T7, T8, T2 and T6 as these all treatments had brown manuring. Maximum OC and N were found by the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5%, which was markedly higher as compared to 100% RDN (T1) and other non-BM treatments. Under rice (DSR)-wheat cropping system approach, it was noted that the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of nano urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% (T7¬) resulted in the maximum values of gross returns (Rs. 263099 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 177093 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.06). It can be inferred from this investigation that the application of 50% RDN+ BM + two foliar application of Nano Urea @0.4 % at 25 & 55 DAS + one foliar spray of FeSO4 @1% + ZnSO4 @0.5% resulted maximum growth, yield, and economics of the rice cultivation, and the residual efficacy of brown manuring and the application of RDF dose in wheat gave maximum growth and yield. Finally, the overall economics of the system was lucidly increased and showed its marked economic viability.