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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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Subject: Agricultural Statistics and Informatics × Author: PRAVEENKUMAR × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2022 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDY ON CROP YIELD RESPONSE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR
    (Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) PRAVEENKUMAR; Nidhi
    In India, a warming trend has become pronounced over the past couple of decades and is predicted to intensify in the years to come. Climate change poses an increasing threat to agricultural production. In order to project the future impact of climate change on crop production, crop models and climate change scenarios have been widely used. While climate change has limited impacts on crop production, some evidence of its impacts has been found. A variety of view points are taken into account when studying the effect of climate change in different parts of the country. According to the study, agriculture is more affected than any other sector in the country. Over the past few years, numerous studies have been conducted to illustrate the fact that annual temperature changes, changes in relative humidity, changes in evaporation, and changes in rainfall patterns have all become more evident on a global scale. Different statistical methods are used to examine the effects of climatic factors, such as Temperature (Maximum and Minimum), Rainfall, and Evapotranspiration variation on wheat and rice yields in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. Data on wheat and rice was obtained from ICRISAT Hyderabad for period 52 years (1966-2017) and data on weather variables were obtained from Centre for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, RPCAU, Pusa. Annual data on weather variable was obtained from ICRISAT Hyderabad for time period 1958-2015. In this study, investigation of significant trends in climate variables over period of time was done for Muzaffarpur district. Trend was detected using non-parametric (Mann-Kendall) trend test. Theil Sen's slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of the trend, and percentage change in various variables was calculated. Detection of shift in weather variables was found out using change point analysis (Pettitt test). Positive trends were observed in maximum and minimum temperature, Evapo-transpiration. Negative trend in rainfall. Weather variables showed significant change point at 1992 (Maximum temperature), 1987 (minimum temperature), 1988 (Rainfall), and non-significant change was detected in Evapo-transpiration (1991). The effect of weather variable on yield of Wheat and Rice analysed by multiple linear regression. Model explained 24.3 % and 2.9 % of variability in wheat and rice respectively.