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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF HOUSEHOLDS ACROSS RURAL URBAN GRADIENT OF BENGALURU - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-11-30) ARAVINDA KUMAR, M. K; Umesh, K. BUrbanization has brought about radical changes in agricultural and non-agricultural activities and the livelihood dimensions of households are changing. In this background, present study was carried out with primary data collected from 360 households spread equally in each of three gradients (rural, transition and urban) in north and south transacts of Bangalore. Results of the study indicated that Ragi (43.92 %, 23.64 %) dominated the cropping pattern on sample farms followed by maize (15.78 %, 10.50 %) in both the north and south transacts of Bengaluru. Dairying in north of Bengaluru had a share of 33.33 per cent, 20 per cent and 18.33 per cent households, across rural-transition-urban phases, respectively, while in south of Bangalore 28.33 per cent, 30 per cent and 16 per cent of households were involved respectively. In the rural north of Bengaluru, the total income from Ragi averaged Rs.43672.08 per hectare and in transitional area Rs. 44806.24 per hectare. A similar pattern of results were noticed in the south of Bangalore. The yield (16.87 q/ha) and net income (Rs.5388.29/ha) of maize in rural north of Bengaluru were lower than that of transitional area (17.24 q/ha and Rs.6353.64/ha) of the same transect. Even in south of Bangalore, the transition area recorded higher yield (additional 11 kg) and income (additional Rs.902.66/ha) from maize. In dairy farming, crossbred cows provided the highest per animal per annum net returns (more than Rs.24911) compared to about Rs.4000 from local cows and Rs.8000 from buffalo. The Livelihood Security Index of north of Bengaluru (SID – 0.42) was higher than south of Bengaluru (SID - 0.37). Annual household income, age of the head of the family and distance to market were negatively related to livelihood diversification. In this context, it is indeed imperative for the Government to further strengthen sustainable livelihood programsThesisItem Open Access PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE POTATO MINI-TUBERS PRODUCTION IN AEROPONIC SYSTEMS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-07-28) SRIKANT; B. Mohan RajuAvailability of a good quality and disease free planting material at affordable price is a major constraint in potato cultivation and therefore, warrants different approaches. Among several approaches, aeroponic technology seems to be the most promising. However, aeroponic technology requires maintenance of growth conditions both inside poly house and in aeroponic chambers for effective tuberization as the tuberization is greatly influenced by temperature, photoperiod, hormonal level and nitrogen status. Towards producing quality and disease free mini-tubers under aeroponic system, misting cycles and nutrients formulations were standardized and followed in the entire study. Further, using less photosensitive cultivar identified based on allelic variations in CDF1 gene, temperature effect on tuberization was examined by exposing the root zone to regulated and unregulated emperatures with shoot zone exposed to poly house temperature. Accordingly, in normal growing season like rabi, 29 and 12 mini-tubers per plant were produced with and without root zone temperature regulation respectively. Similarly, even during non-optimal growing season like kharif, relatively a good number of mini-tubers were produced upon root zone cooling suggesting the importance of regulating root zone temperatures. Although root and shoot zone temperature regulation is important, cooling root zone seems to be more crucial. In addition, warm white and far-red LED lights have shown improved growth rates and tuber yield. Further, cytokinin application also showed increased mini-tuber production by enhancing the expression of tuberization genes. Such enhanced expression of positive and downregulation of negative regulators of tuberization were also noticed under root zone cooling and with light regulation. Finally, combined interventions of the said factors have significantly improved the mini-tuber production even under non-optimal kharif condition suggesting the importance of regulating all the growing conditions for effective tuberization and tuber yield in potato.ThesisItem Restricted CHARACTERIZRTION, CLASSIFICATION AND SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF MAJOR GRAPES - GROWING SOILS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-01-03) HARSHA B. R; K. S. ANIL KUMARLand characterization, classification and suitability evaluation of grapes-growing pedons were assessed at fifteen taluks covering four agro climatic zones of Karnataka. Study on problems and potentials of grapes cultivation in selected agro-climatic zones was carried out along with the plant sample analysis. Twenty soil profiles were excavated as study site based on the dominance of area falling under grapes production and existing spatial variability of soils. The detailed information of profiles and horizon wise soil samples were collected to study the morphological, physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. Climatic analysis and water retention characteristics of soils of major grapes-growing areas were also done. Based on the characterisation and classification study it was revealed that soils of Doddaballapur (Bangalore Blue and Wine grapes), Bangalore North (GKVK Farm, Rajankunte and IIHR Farm), Devanahalli, Magadi, Hoskote, Chikkaballapur (Dilkush and Red globe), Yelaburga, Hagari Bommanahalli, Bagalkot (UHS farm) and Indi fall under the soil order Alfisol. Vijaypur pedon of northern dry zone was keyed out as Vertisols whereas, Jamkhandi and Athani as Inceptisols. Properties of Aridisols were observed in B. Bagewadi (Manikchaman and Thompson Seedless) and Afzalpur. Soil fertility status and its mapping using GIS technique revealed that all the nutrients were found to be in adequate range except nitrogen, potassium, zinc, iron and boron which indicated the need for application along with organic matter to improve the SOC status. Varieties differed among themselves in yield and plant nutrient composition depending on their age, climatic, soil and management requirements. Bangalore North (GKVK farm) and Jamkhandi are having medium soil organic carbon stocks of 6.21 and 6.55 kg m-3, respectively. Soils of Bangalore North (Rajankunte) were highly suitable (S1) for grapes cultivation. Under northern Karnataka, Vijayapura, B. Bagewadi, Indi and Afzalpur vineyards were good performers despite the limitations of fertility and free lime content.ThesisItem Embargo EPIDEMIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF PHYTOPHTHORA LEAF BLIGHT AND FRUIT ROT IN SWEET PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.)(2022-12-27) SANDEEP KUMAR G. M.; S. SRIRAMEpidemiology and management aspects of Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici L.), an emerging disease of sweet pepper in India were investigated. Rainfall and relative humidity were identified as the significant parameters triggering the epidemic. The pathogen had fitness in temperature range of 10-34 °C, with optimum being 22 °C-28 °C. Relative humidity above 80% was conducive for leaf blight and fruit rot development. Soil moisture above 75% water holding capacity and saturation for 24 h aggravated root rot development. The pathogen can survive for 90 days in soil. Slender amaranth, black nightshade and spurge weeds were found as alternative hosts while cereals were non-hosts. Solanaceous, cucurbitaceous and leguminous vegetables varied in susceptibility. Based on CLIMEX simulation, Western Ghats and adjoining plains in Karnataka and Kerala, Western and Eastern Himalayan regions, hills in Orissa and Andaman and Nicobar islands were found highly favourable for P. capsici establishment under current and climate change (+2 °C) scenario. Integrated management schedule was developed with interventions viz., i) Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Th-2 + Bacillus subtilis BS-2 at 10g/kg seed ii) Application of neem cake and farmyard manure enriched with bioagents to planting bed @1kg/100 kg iii) Raised bed planting (90-100 cm wide and 15-22 cm height) with silver-black reflective mulch film (30-100 μ) iv) Irrigation regulation and soil drainage management v) Weeding and sanitation vi) Protective foliar sprays of chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L) or mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) in rotation at 15 day interval up to 40th standard meteorological week under Bengaluru conditions. Also, need based curative sprays and drenching with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + chlorothalonil 75% WP (2g/L), in rotation with dimethomorph 50% WP (1g/L) + mancozeb 75% WP (2g/L) were found effective. Highest B: C ratio ofThesisItem Embargo AN ANALYSIS OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND YIELD GAP OF POMEGRANATE PRODUCTION IN TUMKUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(2022-12-27) GOWTHAMI. V.; VINAY KUMAR. RThe present investigation was conducted to assess the knowledge level, technological and yield gap by 120 randomly selected pomegranate growers from Sira and Pavagada taluks of Tumkur district. Results revealed that 38.83 per cent of Sira pomegranate growers and 48.33 per cent of Pavagada pomegranate growers belonged to medium knowledge level. Further, 35.00 per cent and 40.83 per cent of Sira and Pavagada pomegranate growers had medium technological gap, respectively. In Sira and Pavagada taluks 33.33 per cent and 43.33 per cent of pomegranate growers belonged to medium and high yield gap category, respectively. Pooled data indicated that 43.33 per cent, 40.83 per cent and 36.67 per cent of pomegranate growers had medium knowledge level, medium technological gap and medium yield gap, respectively. The data subjected to ‘Z’ test indicated that there was a significant difference in the yield gap of Sira and Pavagada farmers. Knowledge level, Technological and Yield gap were non-significantly associated with age, family size and significantly associated with education, farming experience, achievement motivation, risk orientation, innovative proneness, scientific orientation, management orientation, cosmopoliteness, economic motivation and social participation at five per cent level of significance, while annual income, land holding, area under pomegranate, extension contact, extension participation at one per cent level of significance. Major constraints expressed by pomegranate growers were poor knowledge in pest and disease management, lack of availability of quality seedlings, lack of knowledge on postharvest practices and lack of storage facilities.ThesisItem Open Access GENDER PARTICIPAITON AND DECISION MAKING IN SERICULTURE: A STUDY IN RAMANAGARA DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA STATE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-12-08) SHIVANANDAGOWDA G.R.; Lakshminarayan. M.T.The present study was undertaken in Kanakapura and Channapatana taluks of Ramanagara district in Karnataka state to analyze the gender participation and decision making pattern in sericulture technologies. Sixty farm men and 60 farm women formed the sample of the research study. The results revealed that farm men (63.34%) were belonging to high decision category, while 20.00 and 16.66 per cent of a majority of farm men were belonging to medium and low decision category of sericulture technologies, respectively. In respect of women, a majority were belonging tolow decision category (60.00%) followed by 26.66 and 13.34 per cent of farm women belonging to medium and high decision category, respectively. Forty-five per cent of farm men were having high level of participation in sericulture activities, while 30.00 per cent and one-fourth (25.00%) of farm men were having medium and low level of participation. More than one-thirdof farm women(35.00%) were having medium level of participation followed by one-third (33.34%) and 31.66 per cent of farm women werehaving high and low level of participation in sericulture activities. Further, the results revealed that age, education, experience in sericulture, innovativeness, achievement motivation, management orientation, risk orientation, attitude towards sericulture, farming commitment, economic motivation, training in sericulture, extension agency contact, extension participation, mass media exposure, and farm scientist contact of both farm men and women had significant association with their decision making and participation level.ThesisItem Open Access A STATISTICAL STUDY OF LONG-TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2020-10-19) MEGHA, E; KRISHNAMURTHY, K NA field experiment on long term fertilizers under finger millet-maize cropping sequence has been in progress since 1986 at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. These experiments provide an insight for scientific investigation of structural relationship that governs the variability of specified crop over a period of time. The experimental data on grain yield of maize and various soil characteristics for a period of 32 years was procured to study the performance of maize yield under different fertilizer treatments over a period of time. Profile analysis has been performed and results indicate that all the treatments differ significantly i.e., there is significant interaction between year and treatments. Available nutrients in soil such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur zinc, manganese, iron as well as organic carbon were having significant effect. Only copper showed non-significant correlation with yield. Path coefficient analysis was used to study direct/indirect effect of soil parameters with yield. Balanced (NPK) nutrients were having better association (low residual effect) with yield. Higher residual effect was noticed with higher dose of balanced nutrition (150% NPK) and also with imbalanced nutrition (-K, -PK) indicating poor association. The analysis of beta-convergence showed evidence of statistical convergence in yield of different treatments.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ZINC AND BORON APPLICATION ON THE PADDY – COWPEA CROPPING SEQUENCE IN ACID SOILS OF HASSAN DISTRICT, KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-02-08) CHETANA, BANASODE; CHANNAKESHAWA, SField experiments were conducted in the farmers’ field at Bhairapura village, Alur taluk, Hassan district of Karnataka during the Kharif and Rabi season of 2019-2020 to studies on zinc and boron application on the paddy – cowpea cropping sequence in acid soils of Hassan district, Karnataka. Paddy was the test crop to study the direct effect and cowpea cropping sequences in acid soils of Hassan district, Karnataka. Paddy was the test crop to study the direct effect and cowpea crop was raised to study the residual effect. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The experiments results revealed that significantly higher grain yield of paddy (60.45 q ha-1) and seed yield of 1358-54 kg ha-1 in the succeeding cowpea crop was recorded with the application of NPK (100:50:50 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1)+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 5 kg ha-1 (T5) which was on par with NPK+FYM+25 kg has-1 ZnSO4+10 kg ha-1 Borax (T7). The increase in yield in both the crops was due to improvement in growth and yield parameters and uptake of nutrients. Direct and residual effect of NPK + FYM + ZnSO4 @ 25kg ha-1 Borax @ 5 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher available S,Zn, B content in soil after harvest of paddy and cowpea. However, significantly higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were observed in the treatment that received NPK+FYM in paddy – cowpea cropping system after harvest of both the crops. Study revealed that application NPK + FYM + 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4+ 10 kg has-1 Borax (T7) recorded significantly higher zinc fractions (WSEX, OC, CRYOX, AMOX, MN and RES Zn) and boron fractions (RS, SA, Oxide, Org and RES B) at harvest of paddy and cowpea crops and it was on par with T5 treatment.ThesisItem Embargo STUDIES ON WEED DYNAMICS IN HYBRID MAIZE UNDER LONG TERM FERTILIZER EXPERIMENT (Zea mays. L)(2022-12-18) RAGHUVEER, M.; MURALI, K.A field experiment was conducted to study the weed dynamics in hybrid maize under long term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) during Rabi 2021 at All India Coordinated Research Project on LTFE, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore. The experiment was carried out in Randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments of different doses of fertilizer along with FYM (10 t ha-1) and lime (500 kg ha-1). It was observed that among the grasses, Eleusine indica and Sorghum halapense were the most predominant weeds in the experimental field, whereas Commelina benghalensis, Alternantara spp., Oxalis latifolia and Ageratum conyzoides were most predominant broad leaved weeds. Oxalis latifolia was found only in the treatment receiving farm yard manure. Cyperus rotundus was the only species found in the experimental plot among sedges and it was found in lower doses of fertilizer application i.e., 50% NPK and control. Significant variation in weed density and biomass was recorded in different fertilizer treatment. Among different treatments, 100% NP recorded significantly higher weed density of 91.00 m-2 and 100% NPK + FYM + lime recorded significantly higher weed dry weight of 32.06 g m-2. Significantly lower weed density (40.67 m-2) and weed dry weight (8.92 g m-2) was recorded in control treatment (no fertilizers application). Application of 100% NPK + FYM + lime recorded significantly higher grain yield (6468 kg ha-1), straw yield (15126 kg ha-1), net returns (Rs. 88,066 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.88).
