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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIABILITY GENERATED BY COMBINATION OF HYBRIDIZATION AND INDUCED MUTATION IN GROUNDNUT {Arachis hypogaeu L.) NAGARAJ P.(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2005-07-07) NAGARAJ, P.; P.V: KENCHANAGOUDARA field experiment was undertaken at the Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad 4uring the kharif season of 2002-03 and at the Agricultural Research Station, Arabhavi during summer 2003-04 to compare the efficiency of direct hybridization followed by mutagenesis to release additional genetic variability, frequency of desirable segregants and to study shift in character associations between the two comparative populations. A set of three crosses involving four genotypes (GPBD-4, lCGV-86252, VG-9521 and ICGV-86699) formed the base material for this study. Half the quantity of Fi seeds of each of the three crosses were treated with EMS (0.5%) and remaining half quantity was advanced as such. The study revealed an increase in variability of traits as a result of hybridization with mutagenesis as compared to hybridization alone. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were observed for the characters like plant height, numbers of primary branches, number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, 100-kernel weight and rust severity score. Mutagen treated populations gave relatively higher percentage of superior segregants for pod yield (20.83%), disease (rust) resistance (7.33%), SMK percentage (41.57%) and shelling percentage (14.33%) as compared to untreated population (16.50%, 5.67%, 40.50% and 11.33%, respectively). EMS treated population also produced higher population of superior recombinants for combination of pod yield, disease resistance, shelling percentage and SMK percentage (1%) as compared to untreated population (0.33%) in Fa generation. Correlation studies in F3M3 generation revealed shift in association towards the desirable side in respect of pod yield with shelling percentage and kernel yield with shelling percentage in the cross GPBD-4 x ICGV- 86252 and pod yield with shelling percentage in both VG-9521 x ICGV- 86252 and VG-9521 x ICGV-86699 crosses. Thus, hybridization followed by mutagenesis in the present study showed promise for not only increasing the variability but also to increase the frequency of desirable transgressive segregants and to bring the shift in direction of association between different character pairs in the desired direction.ThesisItem Open Access AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FARMING SYSTEMS IN TANK COMMANDS OF NORTHERN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2006-12-30) GIREESHAYYA, UDAGATTI; B. N. NAIKThe study was conducted in three district of northern Karnataka in selected tank commands rejuvenated by Jala Samvardhana Yojana Sangha, with an objective of identifying and analyzing the cost and returns of major farming systems and to study the impact of on-farm demonstrations (OFD)/farmers field school (FFS) on socio-economic conditions of farmers. Multistage random sampling technique was employed to select 144 sample farmers from 12 selected tank commands primary data was collected by personnel interview method. Tabular and production function analyses were employed to analyze the data. The study identified, two major farming systems each in Bagalkot and Koppal districts and three in Haveri district. In each district dairy enterprise was found to be most common as a complementary enterprise. Farming System-I of Koppal district exhibited by highest net returns (Rs.35,645/ha) followed by Farming System-I of Bagalkot district (Rs.31,238/ha). Production function analysis revealed that, inputs such as labour, seeds, fertilizers + FYM and PPG + veterinary charges were under utilized in Bagalkot district. The resources like labour, feed and concentrates and seeds were under utilized in Koppal and Haveri districts. Hence, there is scope for deployment of these resources. In OFD and FFS plots returns were increased over control plots due to reduced cost of cultivation and increased yield. The OFD/FFS conducted have successfully communicated the information on modern crop production technology to farming community. Constraints like non-availability of quality seeds, lack of awareness of recommended cropping sequences, high cost of inputs, lack of credit facility, scarcity of owned funds, low price for the produce and lack of storage facility were most severe in crop production. Hence, there is need to strengthen institutional support for provision of credit, infrastructure facility and formulate appropriate policies for safe guarding the interest of the farmers.ThesisItem Open Access SELECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IN TRANSGENIC GROUNDNUT {Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) USHA RANI, B.M; Dr. P. CHANDRASHEKARAREDDYThe ability of plants to tolerate drought conditions is crucial for agricultural production worldwide. To meet the growing demand for food there is a need to increase crop resistance to various abiotic stresses. One of the viable approaches for crop improvement towards abiotic stress tolerance is by genetic engineering. Stress specific transcription factors bring about coordinated expression of stress responsive genes involved in stress adaptation. ANAC102 is one of the stress responsive gene belongs to NAC group of transcription factors. The transgenics expressing NAC gene were earlier developed by in planta transformation method. In this approach To plants chimeric and putative ANAC102 were identified in the Ti generation. We had screened 96 Ti ANAC102 plants by Polymerized Chain Reaction. We got 30 positive plants. These 30 plants were further characterized by two approaches. In the first approach T2 ANAC102 plants were screened by PCR .Amongst the 136 plants screened 50 were PGR positives. Out of these 6 plants subjected to RT-PCR analysis these transgenic lines showed higher ANAC102 transgene expression compared to wild type by using gene specific primers. These plants have also shown high chlorophyll content and high cell viability compared to control. The pod weight and pod yield was also high in transgenic plants compared to wild type. Second approach is Antibiotic based intermediate screening of T2 ANAC102 groundnut seedlings. Seedlings showing resistance to Kanamycin were sown under transgenic facility. Out of 40 plants selected 36 plants found positive with gene specific primers and 30 plants found positive with nptll primers. Selected plants observed for stress tolerance had shown higher chlorophyll content, more cell viability, less membrane leakage and less water loss compared to wild type plants. These promising lines should be analyzed further generation for the drought tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access RESPONSE OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) CULTIVARS TO THE POPULATION DYNAMICS UNDER AEROBIC METHOD(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) BASAVARAJA, M.K.; K.MURALIA field experiment entitled "Response of rice cultivars to the population dynamics under aerobic method" was conducted at Agronomy Field Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, during Kharif 2006 in red sandy loam soil (Alfisols). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 15 treatment combinations consisting five genotypes viz., KRH-2, MTU-1001, THANU, MAS-26 and MAS-946 and three plant spacings viz., 20 cm x 10 cm, 25 cm x 25 cm, 45 cm x 20 cm spacing. Among plant spacings 45 cm x 20 cm recorded significantly higher grain yield and straw yield (57.31 q ha-^ and 6.89 t ha-i respectively), which was significantly superior over the 25 cm x 25 cm (50.57 q ha-^ and 6.44 t ha-i), and the lowest grain and straw yield was recorded with 20 cm X 10 cm (40.90 q ha-i and 5.72 t ha-^). The increased grain yield was due to the increased growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf area index, total dry matter and yield parameters at a spacing of 45 cm x 20 cm. Among rice genotypes KRH-2 recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (57.53 q ha-^ and 7.17 t ha-i respectively) over the MTU- 1001 (52.62 q ha-i and 6.54 t ha"i). Where as MTU-1001 was onpar with THANU, followed by MAS-26 and MAS-946. The study concluded that genotype KRH-2 hybrid recorded higher grain yield over other genotypes but in case of varieties MTU-1001 recorded higher grain yield which was onpar with THANU, when grown at 45 cm X 20 cm spacingThesisItem Open Access PRUNING PRACTICES FOR MAXIMIZATION OF MULBERRY LEAF PRODUCTIVITY UNDER UAS SERI SUVARNA TECHNOLOGY AND REARING PERFORMANCE IN RAINFED CONDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) R. LAKSHMINARASIMAPPA; Dr. K.P. CHINNASWAMYField experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pruning practices for maximization of mulberry leaf productivity under UAS Seri Suvama technology on growth and yield of Ms mulberry variety and the silkworm B. mori L. in relation to rearing performance in rainfed condition at Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore during the year 2004-05. The results indicated that mulberry growth parameter viz., number of branches and leaves, leaf yield, leaf moisture, chlorophyll a, b content, total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugar and protein content NPK, Ca, Mg and S content were influenced by the pruning practices. However, pruned crop shows 90 cm height more / higher of all the above parameters which is followed by pruning at 60 cm, 30 cm bottom pruning, 90, 60 and 30 cm with normal shoots as compared to non-UAS Seri Suvarna. Similarly, the soil moisture content at 60 cm depth and soil arthropods populations like beetles, grubs, termites, centipedes and earthworm were higher in treatment of 90 cm height pruned plots as compared to other treatment. The larval weight cocoon weight, growth rate, shell weight, shell percentage, silk productivity and ERR percentage and silk filament was also higher in 90 cm height, pruned plots, which is followed by 60, 30 cm bottom pruning 90, 60, 30 cm height with normal shoots compared to non-UAS Seri- Suvama. The instar duration larval duration, silk denier and disease incidence was less in 90 cm height pruned plot as compared to other treatment. Similarly, benefit cost ratio 90 cm height pruned crop was 5 : 73 which is followed by 5:11 and 5 : 07 in 60 and 30 cm height pruned plot respectively, the lowest B:C ratio of 1 : 92 was obtained in non-UAS Seri Suvarna technologyThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON METHOD OF PLANTING, IRRIGATION SCHEDULES, SOURCES AND LEVELS OF FERTILIZERS FOR FERTIGATION IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) AND IT'S RESIDUAL EFFECT ON BABY CORN (Zea mays L.)"(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) T.M. SOUMYA; Dr. B.K RAMACHANDRAPPAField experiments were conducted on the red sandy loam soils of Agronomy field unit, MRS, UAS, Bangalore during 2005 and 2006 to study the effect of method of planting, irrigation schedules, sources and levels of fertilizers for fertigation on growth, yield and quality of tomato and its residual effect on baby. The investigation involved two experiments. The first experiment comprised of three levels of drip irrigation (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 Epan) and three methods of planting (normal, two rows paired system and four rows paired system) in randomized complete block design with three replications. The second experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations with three levels of fertilizers (75, 100 and 125 % of Rec. NPK) and four sources of fertilizers (Urea, SSP, MOP; MAP, MOP; MAP, KNO3 and soil application of urea, SSP, MOP). After the harvest of tomato, baby com was grown to know the residual effect of fertigation without any additional inputs. Drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan with normal row system found superior in finit yield (109.05 t ha"'), growth and yield attributes of tomato and was on par with 0.8 Epan two rows paired system (106.12 t ha"'). The higher B: C ratio of 5.98 was obtained with 0.8 Epan two rows paired system. While, higher WUE (152.2 kg ha-mm ') was registered with 0.6 Epan two rows paired system. Fertigation with MAP, KNO3 at 125% rec. NPK was superior in total fmit yield (116.86 t ha'), growth and yield attributes of tomato closely followed by fertigation with Urea, SSP, MOP at 125% Rec. NPK (114.761 ha"'). Similar trend was noticed for fertilizer use efficiency, water use efficiency and nutrient uptake. Higher net returns ha"' was recorded in fertigation with Urea, SSP, MOP at 125 % Rec. NPK (Rs. 5,22,493/-) with the highest B: C ratio of 6.01. Baby com yield was significantly higher with the application of 125% Rec. NPK either through fertigation or through soil application to the previous tomato crop.ThesisItem Open Access Development of Dual Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus and its Vector Whitefly {Bemisia tabaci) using Lycopersicon hirsutum (LA1777) Introgressed Lines in Tomato {Lycopersicon esculentum)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) PRABUDDHA, H. R.; R. S. KulkarniNo AbstractThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF STCR TARGETED YIELD APPROACH ON RAGI CROP YIELD, SOIL PROPERTIES, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) ASHWINI, Y.; P.K. BASAVARAJAA field experiment was conducted on Alfisols during 2006-2007 of Zonal Agricultural Research Station, GKVK, UAS, Bangalore to evaluate the different methods of nutrient application in comparison with the STCR approach on ragi crop (GPU-28), yield, soil properties, nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency. The result revealed that application of N,P,K nutrients for a soil test crop response (STCR) targeted yield of 50 q ha"' through 50 % inorganic + 50 % organics recorded a highest gr^in yield of (3638.9 kg ha"') and straw yield of (5740.6 kg ha"'). Similarly application of N,P,K nutrients through 50 % inorganic + 50 % organics for a targeted yield of 60 q ha"' recorded highest N, K, S, Ca, Mg content in the soil. However, available P status was highest where STCR target of 50 q ha"' was fixed by application of 50 % inorganic+ 50% organics sources of nutrients. Higher values of N, P, Ca, S uptake by ragi grains and straw was noticed with 50 % inorganic + 50 % organic sources of nutrient application for a targeted yield of 50qha"' except Mg K, uptake by ragi grains and straw which has recorded higher values due to application of N, P, K nutrient through 50% inorganic 50% organic sources of nutrients for a targeted yield of 60 q ha"'. , However, the NUE was highest where nutrients were applied as per POP followed by nutrienti applied for a targeted yield of 50 q ha "' through conjunctive use of Organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. This higher NUE by ragi crop as per package clearly indicates that nutrients were applied in a well balanced manner but still STCR approach was better for achieving the higher yieldsThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SYRPHID PREDATORS OF SUGARCANE WOOLLY APHID (Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-01) LIKHIL E. K.; C. P. MALLAPURThe role played by syrphids in the management of Sugarcane Woolly Aphid were studied under both laboratory and field conditions during 2005- 06 at Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Dharwad and at farmer's fields. The syrphid species associated with SWA comprised of two species viz., Eupeodes con/rater and Dideopsis aegrota and E. coiifrater was the major species occurring in all the locations (62.58 to 100%). Two groups of natural enemies on syrphids were identified, one larvalpupal parasitioid belonging to family Ichneumonidae [Diplazon laetatorius) and three species of bacterial pathog'iiis viz., Citrobactor sp., Aeromonas sp. and Bacillus sp. The breeding of E. con/rater was not possible in caged condition. The predator completed three larval instars with a total larval period of 12.12+0.31 (10-14) days. Pupal period ranged from 7 to 9 days v/ith a mean of 8.30+0.26 days. The longevity of male and female was recorded at 13.27+0.89 (10-20) days and 17.6+1.52 (10-22) days, respectively. A single larva of E. confrater consumed 442.74 sugarcane woolly aphids in its total larval period at a rate of 36.53 aphids/individual/day. The instarwise consumption was 45.83, 133.52 and 263.39 aphids during first, second and third instar, respectively. In the absence of food, Eupeodes late instar larvae fed on eggs, early and late instars of Micromus and early instars of Diphcu Intum, the late instar Dipha larvae consumed early instar Eupeodes larvae. In the field study, molasses and fruit fly diet attractants recorded comparatively more syrphid larval population (1.13 and 0.92 larvae/leaf) and registered lower mean aphid grades. All the tested chemical insecticides viz., thiamethoxam, chlorpyriphos and malathion were found highly toxic to syrphids. However, the safest treatment was vitex + neem + lantana which recorded least reduction of syrphid population in treated plots (3.72 and 6,13%) as well as under laboratory condition (23.01% mortality).