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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF SCMR AND SLA, THE TRAITS RELATED TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN GROUNDNUT {Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-27) GOPALA, REDDY, K.; S. RameshSix groundnut genotypes viz. ICG 7243, ICG 6766, ICG 12988, ICG 10890, ICG 9418 and Chico were used for the study of inheritance pattern of Soil Plant Analytical Development (SPAD) Chlorophyll meter reading. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) and seed yield related characters. Three genotypes viz., JUG3, JUG26, ICGS 76 along with Chico (which was used for inheritance studies) were used for assessing carbon isotope discriminating ability. The genotype ICG 6766 Showed highest SCMR and lowest SLA, indicating its drought tolerance, this genotype was the best for seed yield and its attributes. In F2 generation of all the 4 crosses, association of seed yield with pod yield, 100-Kemel weight, seed length and seed width was highly significant. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were found to be operative for SCMR at 60 DAS and 80 DAS, SLA at 60 DAS and 80 DAS, pod yield, seed yield, seed length, and seed width. Additive gene action was predominant the expression of 100-Kemel weight and shelling percentage. Marked reciprocal differences were observed for SCMR and SLA at 60 DAS and 80 DAS during both rainy and post rainy seasons, suggesting the need for using donor parent as the maternal parent in crossing programme to recover higher frequency of superior lines in advanced generations. JUG 26 with 1 T lowest A C value coupled with higher SCMR and lower SLA was identified as the most water use efficient genotype. In F2 generation of all the 4 crosses, highly significant and negative association was observed between SCMR and SLA. Significant positive association between SCMR and shelling percentage was observed in the cross ICG 9418 x Chico.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF SUNFLOWER (Hetianthus annuusUHW.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-19) D.RAJANNA; D. RAJAGOPALInvestigations on the development of Integrated Pest Management strategies against major insect pests of sunflower were undertaken during 1996 to 1998 and 2001 to 2005 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station (ZARS), University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore and ZARS, Vishveswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya, respectively. Among the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) components evaluated under field conditions, one border row of castor along with sunflower recorded significantly lower population of Spodoptera titura. The application of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurtsaki @ 1.0 kg/ha at 35,50 and 65 DAS in comparison with endosulfan 35 EC indicated significant reduction in larval population of Thysanoplusia orichalcea. Similarly, the Combination of SI NPV @ 250 LE/ha + B.t.k. @ 1.0 kg/ha applied at 50 and 65 DAS was found to be highly effective in suppression of S. litura and Helicoverpa armigera. Similarly the combination of Ha NPV @ 250 LE/ha + B.t.k. @ 1.0 kg/ha + release of Chrysoperia carnea @ 20,000/ha was proved to be superior over endosulfan 35 EC in reducing H. armigera and T. orichalcea. Among the conventional insecticides evaluated, methomyl 12.5 L spray @ 187 g. a.i./ha recorded significantly lower damage with higher yield followed by endosulfan 35 EC @ 525 g.a.i./ha, monocrotophos 36 EC and NSKE 5 per cent. Among the newer insecticides tested, seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS recorded significantly lower population of leafhopper {Amrasca biguttula biguttula) and thrips {Thrips palmi) up to 30 days of sowing. Further it was also proved to be effective in reducing sunflower necrosis disease (SND). Subsequently, spinosad 45 SC @ 75 g.a.i./ha and indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 75 g.a.i./ha spray were proved to be effective in reducing larval populations of S. litura, H. armigera and T. orichalcea. Of the Three IPM modules developed and evaluated in comparison with the Recommended Package of Practices (RPP) for plant protection against major insect pests of sunflower, bio-intensive module (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS at 5 g/kg seeds; NSKE 5%; spinosad 45 SC; Ha NPV; B.tk.) and adaptive module (one border row castor as trap crop; seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 WS; NSKE 5%; indoxacarb14.5 SC]B.t..k.] spinosad 45 SC) were proved to be superior in reducing pest population with higher net returns than the RPP. With regards to the economics of different modules evaluated, the maximum net profit was realized from the adaptiy^joq^ule followed by bio- Intensive module compared to Recommended Package of Practices.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON STORAGE AND STANDARDIZATION OF CONSUMER BAGS TO ENHANCE SHELF LIFE OF GREEN CHILLI(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-19) ANUPAMA, C.A; M. CHOWDE GOWDANo AbstractThesisItem Open Access DEHYDRATION OF BANANA FOR VALUE ADDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-19) JYOTHI., C. HANDRAL; Dr. K. GeethaBanana varieties namely Cavendish and Ney Poovan were selected and procured from Bangalore local market. Samples were dried using three dehydration methods namely oven, biomass and osmotic. Both primary and secondary value added products was developed using dried banana, further subjected to organoleptic evaluation and also shelf-life of the product developed were studied. Results showed that Cavendish varieties were bigger in size than the "Ney Poovan", Oven dehydration took more time to dry the banana slices compared to other two methods. Macro nutrients like energy, carbohydrate, crude fibre and fat were high in Ney Poovan but protein was high in Cavendish variety. Energy and carbohydrate was high in biomass dried samples, fibre and fat was high in osmosed slices, protein was found to be high in oven dried sample. Almost all minerals phosphorous, iron, potassium, copper and manganese was high in Cavendish but calcium was found to be high in Ney Poovan variety. Calcium, potassium, copper was high in biomass dried samples, phosphorus, zinc, manganese was found to be high in oven dried banana slices, osmotically dried samples had high iron content compare to other two methods. Among the dehydration methods maximum reducing sugars (57.49%), non reducing sugar (13.67%) and total sugars (77.10%) was found high in osmotically dried samples irrespective of varieties. All the developed products were accepted when subjected to organoleptic evaluation. Ney Poovan variety scored highest in all the attributes irrespective of dehydration methods compare to Cavendish variety. Best accepted primary product was stored in different storage containers namely polythene cover, aluminium foil, plastic box and steel container for three months. It was found that product stored in steel container was best accepted compared to other storage container even after three months of storage. Thus it can be concluded that banana can be dehydrated and value added for commercial purposeThesisItem Open Access PERSISTENCE AND DEGRADATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS IN SELECTED COFFEE GROWING REGIONS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-19) REMYA, A.; Dr. N.P PRAKASHChlorpyrifos, (O, 0-diethyl O- (3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate) is the world's leading insecticide being consumed in large volume and is effective against a wide range of plant feeding, household and soil insects. Kamataka is a major commercial coffee growing state in India with Chikmagalur and Madikeri being the major producing areas. Incidence of white stem borer is a serious threat to Arabica coffee productivity for which Chlorpyrifos 20 EC was recommended by Coffee Board in 2004. A study was undertaken to know the persistence and degradation of chlorpyrifos at two different moisture conditions (field capacity and submergence), lime treatments (4 and 8 tha"') and fortification levels of 10 and 25 pg g"' in both Chikmagalur and Madikeri soils. Higher persistence of chlorpyrifos was noticed at higher fortification level. The degradation of chlorpyrifos was faster in Chikmagalur soil compared to Madikeri soil at both moisture regimes irrespective of the fortification levels. Degradation of chlorpyrifos decreased with increased moisture content from field capacity to submergence. The order of chlorpyrifos degradation observed in lime treated soil was 8 t ha"' > 4 t ha"'> 0 t ha"'. Half-life of chlorpyrifos ranged from 11.1 to 22.8, 9.6 to 20.2 and 7.4 to 11.8 days at the lime treatment rates of 0, 4 and 8 t ha"' days in Chikmagalur and 14.7 to 27.5, 10.9 to 23.6 and 8.2 to 14.7 days in Madikeri soils respectively at field capacity. A laboratory study on the effect of chlorpyrifos on dehydrogenase and phosphatase enzyme in soil indicated a slight inhibitory effect on both the enzymes. Residue analysis of chlorpyrifos in selected coffee orchard soils, water and soils of nearby rice fields showed the persistent nature of chlorpyrifos even in field condition.ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN PIGEONPEA {Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-09) SANGAPPA S. RODDANNAVAR; B.C. ShankaralingappaA field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, GKVK, UAS, Bangalore during khariflOOl - 08 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management in pigeonpea based intercropping system. The treatment combinations consisted of three intercropping systems [pigeonpea + soybean (1:1) and pigeonpea + finger millet (2:1) along with sole crop of pigeonpea], three levels of FYM (0, 2.5 and 5.0 t ha') and with and without PSB seed inoculation and recommended dose of fertilizer based on area basis was given to intercropping system. Soybean was grown as an additive intercrop between two rows of pigeonpea whereas finger millet was grown as an additive intercrop after every two rows of pigeonpea between the rows. Along with these treatment combinations, sole crop of soybean and finger millet were tried in randomized complete block design with factorial concept with three replications. Sole crop of pigeonpea produced significantly higher grain yield (1598 kg ha"') as compared to pigeonpea intercropped with soybean (1412 kg ha"') which was significantly superior to pigeonpea intercropped with finger millet (1265 kg ha"'). The growth components such as plant height, primary branches plant"'' LAI at 120 DAS and total dry matter and yield components such as pods plant and grain yield plant"' were significantly higher in sole crop of pigeonpea as compared to those in pigeonpea intercropped with soybean or finger millet Irrespective of intercropping systems, application of FYM @ 5.0 t ha"', being on par with 2.5 t ha (1424 kg ha ) recorded significantly higher grain yield of pigeonpea (1483 kg ha"') than no application of FYM (1369 kg ha"'). Pigeonpea seed inoculation of PSB registered significantly higher grain yield (1458 kg ha"') than no inoculation of PSB (1392 kg ha""). Pigeonpea + soybean (1 .T) and pigeonpea + finger millet (2:1) with the application of recommended dose of fertilizer based on area basis and FYM @ 5 t ha"' along with seed inoculation of PSB recorded significantly higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (1878 and 1869 kg ha , respectively) as compared to sole crop of pigeonpea with INM practice (1680 kg ha ). Pigeonpea + finger millet (2:1) additive intercropping with the application of fertilizers + FYM @ 5 t ha + seed inoculation of PSB gave the maximum net return of Rs. 20489 ha"' with LER of 1.239 than pigeonpea + soybean(l:l) with same INM (Rs. 19723 ha"') and sole crop of finger millet (Rs. 13052 ha"').ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIATION FOR GRAIN QUALITY, PROTEIN AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN F2 GENERATION OF BFT 5204 x HPR 14 IN RICE {Oryza sativa L.) UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-08-18) ABDUL BASIR, HABIBI; Dr. R. S. KULKARNIA study was undertaken in F2 generation of cross BPT 5204 x HPR 14 to assess genetic variation for plant morphological traits, grain characters, protein and micronutrient content and to understand the interrelationship among developmental traits and grain characters. High PCV and GCV were recorded for number of productive tillers, grain weight, test weight, zinc, manganese and iron. Plant height, number of productive tillers, length/breadth ratio of paddy grain, test weight, protein content and all nutrients studied recorded high heritability and genetic advance. High heritability with low genetic advance was recorded for days to maturity. Significant positive correlation of plant height was observed with number of productive tillers and days to maturity. Days to 50% flowering had positive significant association with grain weight. Days to maturity showed positive significant association with panicle length. Rice kernel length showed positive significant association with rice kernel length/breadth ratio and kernel elongation ratio, while negative significant association was seen with rice kernel breadth. Test weight had positive significant correlation with breadth of paddy grain and rice kernel breadth, while it was negatively associated with length/breadth ratio of paddy grain. Breadth of paddy grain followed by kernel elongation ratio and rice kernel breadth had high positive direct effect on test weight whereas length/breadth ratio of paddy grain had high negative direct effect on test weight. Among the segregants studied B-24-7, A-30-1, B-24-1, B-1-1 land C-22-13, were superior for many traits. Highest protein (20.59%), copper (27.78 ppm). Zinc (37.8 ppm), manganese (96 ppm) and iron (659.4 ppm) was observed in C-23-13, B-32-12, A-26-9, D-25-2 and D-26-2 respectively. Longest rice grains (6.4 mm) were observed in B-24-7, while D-18-3, D-19-1 and D-14-3 were high yielders.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON FUNCTIONING AND IMPACT OF SELF HELP GROUPS PROMOTED UNDER ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMME EASTERN REGION (ALP/E) IN AFGHANISTAN(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-08-16) NOOR ALI NOOR; Y. KATTEPPAFormation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) has greatly helped rural people to understand their rights, freedom of expression, confidence building and access to credit, improve their personality and respect in the society. Considering the importance of SHGs promoted by ALP/E, the study was conceptualized with the objectives; to study the functioning of SHGs, to assess the socio-economic and psychological impact of SHGs on members, to find out the perception on motivational pattern for membership and usefulness of SHGs, to know the association between personal, socio-economic characteristics of members and effective functioning of SHGs and their impact on members, to document the problems and suggestions. The study was conducted during 2007 in Nangarhare and Laghman provinces situated in eastern region of Afghanistan, considering 30 SHGs and 120 respondents. The data were collected by using pre tested structured questionnaire. The major findings related to the functioning of SHGs revealed that, a considerable proportion of the SHGs handled the commodities at a 'high' level (40.00%). Like wise a sizeable proportion of the SHGs functioned at 'medium' level related to the dimension viz., attendance of members in meetings (46.60%), members involvement in decision making and freedom to participate in activities (50.00%), number of marketing channels used and extent of facilities received (53.40%). The overall socio-economic and psychological impact of SHGs on members in terms of before and after joining SHGs was highly ^ significant with paired 't' value at one percent level. There was significant association between effectiveness of functioning and socio-economic and psychological impact of SHGs on members at 5 per cent level of probability. Solving financial problems (100.00%) followed by 'improving savings' and to obtain 'market information' were the priority motivational patterns. Extension contact, occupation and social participation were significantly associated with effective functioning of SHGs. The problems pertained to non availability of interest free loan, lack of adequate education and income derived is too little.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON WEED BIOLOGY OF CELOSIA ARGENTEA L., WEED EMERGENCE PATTERN AND WEED SEED BANK DYNAMICS IN DIFFERENT CROP ECOSYSTEMS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-08-08) RAVINDRA, G. M.; S. SRIDHARAExperiments were conducted at the College of Agriculture, Navile, Shivamogga, during Kharif2007 on red sandy loam soil in order to study the weed biology of Celosia argentea L., weed emergence pattern and weed seed bank dynamics in different crop ecosystems. In the first experiment biology of Celosia argentea L. was studied by sowing seeds of Celosia in hundred pots, growth observations were recorded upto maturity of Celosia. The results from pot culture experiment reveal that highest rate of growth increase in Celosia was recorded between 30-50 DAS and it has the potential of producing 200 to 1672 seeds plant"'. In field experiment eight different crop ecosystems were taken as treatments replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised of maize, bajra, groundnut, horsegram, fieldbean, mustard, cowpea and natural (fallow) crop ecosystems. There was a significant variation in number of weeds, dry matter accumulation and diversity of weeds in different crop ecosystems. Mustard and horsegram crop ecosystems recorded significantly lower weed numbers (13.7 and 20.3 weeds 0.25m-2), dry matter accumulation of weeds (10.53 and 12.64 g 0.25 m-2) and weed diversity index (1.34 and 1.90) as compare to rest of the ecosystems. Whereas natural ecosystem (fallow) recorded significantly higher number of weeds (44.0 weeds 0.25m-2), weeds dry weight (35.40 g 0.25 m-^) and weed diversity index (2.48) as compared to other crop ecosystems. In third experiment vertical distribution of viable weed seeds was studied with special reference to Celosia at 0-5, 5- 10 and 10-15 cm depths of soil. There was a significant difference in vertical distribution of viable weed seeds in different crop ecosystems. Significantly lower viable weed (1212.42 seeds m-2) and Celosia seeds (246.67 seeds m-2) were recorded in mustard crop ecosystem as compared to rest of the treatments.