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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru

University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.

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Subject: Seed Science and Technology × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON VARIETAL CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) PRASHANTH, Y.; RAMA PRASANNA, K. P.
    Varietal identification and use of specific markers for ensuring genetically pure seed to reach the cultivar has been assuming critical importance in seed industry and agricultural research and development. In the present study 24 chilli cultivars were characterized based on morphological, chemical, biochemical and molecular markers, which serves as distinct identification marker and also intend to assess cultivar diversity. Among the 29 quantitative and 41 qualitative morphological traits studied, hypocotyl colour, hypocotyl pubescence, stem colour, stem length to first bifurcation, stem diameter, branching habit, tillering habit, anther colour, fruit colour at intermediate and maturity stage, fruit shape at pedicel and blossom end, neck at the base of the fruit, fruit length, fruit width, pedicel length, dry fruit weight, 1000 seed weight and seed size could be efficiently utilized for distinguishing the chilli cultivars. Seasonal variations were observed for most of the quantitative characters, while none of the qualitative characters were influenced by the season. Significantly taller and wider plant, longer and wider leaves, longer and broader fruits, heavier and larger seeds were noticed in Kharif than in summer season. However, none of the traits individually could distinguish all the 24 cultivars. Hence, keys based on a set of morphological traits were developed, which was able to distinguish all the cultivars. The studied cultivars did not respond to phenol, modified phenol, NaOH or KOH colour reaction but responded significantly for the exogenous application of GA3, and Kinetin based on which the cultivars could be grouped into different categories, while 2, 4-D at 10 ppm concentration was found to be too toxic for the seeds to produce normal seedlings. Protein marker was able to identify all the twenty four cultivars and can be employed effectively for identification of chilli cultivars, either by presence or absence of bands or with intensity of bands. Malate dehydrogenase isozyme marker gave very little polymorphism and was found to be of little help for characterization studies in chilli cultivars. RAPD markers were found to be an effective tool compared to protein and morphological markers in differentiating the chilli cultivars. Out of the twenty-decamer RAPD primers, ten primers produced polymorphic bands for the studied cultivars. Primers viz., OPAC-07, OPAC-02, OPAC-04, OPAC-5 and OPAC-11 were found to be most efficient in generating polymorphic bands and distinguishing the cultivars. Finally the clusters developed using the morphological, protein and molecular markers assisted in identifying the extent of variation between closely related cultivars. The study has generated some important morphological traits, protein marker and molecular markers that can be effectively employed in distinguishing the chilli cultivars.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH SEED GENETIC PURITY IN SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS (Helianthus annuus L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-09-12) Pallavi, H. M.; RAME, GOWDA
    The ability to distinguish and identify hybrids is fundamental for the operational aspects in the seed trade. The present study was conducted to distinguish sunflower hybrids form its parental lines, using Biochemical and SSR molecular markers. The protein profile of hybrid KBSH-1 differed from its female parent (CMS-234A) by showing a high intense band at Rm 0.462 in the Region D (43.0- 29.0 kDa), 0.785 and 0.809 in the Region F (20.014.3 kDa). KBSH-41 differed clearly from its female parent by having an extra band at Rm 0.694 in the region E (29.020.0 kDa) and 0.834 in the region F (20.014.3 kDa). Hybrid KBSH-42 showed a migrated band from male parent (RHA95-C-1) at Rm 0.694 and 0.710 in the Region E (29.0- 20.0 kDa). KBSH-44 banding profile of seed storage proteins was similar to that of its female parent CMS-17 A, but an extra band at Rm 0.763 in the region F (20.0-14.3 kDa) appeared similar to its male parent (RHA95- C-1). In KBSH-53 hybrid a band from male parent at Rm 0.669 was found which was absent in its female parent but present in male parent. Isozyme banding pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of all restorer lines (6D-1 and 95-C-1) and all hybrids studied were identical and it was not possible to distinguish each other. The Rm value of Esterase isozyme (EST) ranged from 0.557 to 0.971 and based on EST banding pattern, all the hybrids and its parental lines could be differentiated to some extent based on the banding pattern. However, ‘sterile lines’ could not be differentiated from its counterpart ‘maintainer lines’ based on the EST profile. SSR primer pairs studied showed polymorphism on the horizontal PAGE. Based on the cluster analysis the tree diagram was divided into two groups with 78 per cent dissimilarity index. The first cluster consisted of only hybrids viz., KBSH-1, KBSH-41, KBSH-42, KBSH-44 and KBSH-53. The second cluster comprised of male sterile, maintainer and restore lines used for the development of the hybrids in the first cluster. KBSH-44 could be clearly identified by using ‘ORS 309 and ORS 170’ based on the banding pattern and size. ORS 309 amplified allele size at 250bp which was specific to female parent (CMS-17A) and 230 bp, specific to male parent (RHA95-C-1). Two bands of allele size 230 and 250bp were found in hybrid KBSH-44 only. Similarly SSR primer ‘ORS 170’ was able to distinguish the hybrid KBSH-44 by amplifying allele of size 230bp a female specific (CMS-17A) allele and 200 bp amplicon a male specific allele (95C- 1). SSR primer ORS 811 found specific to identify KBSH-53 and it amplified allele of size 270bp in its female parent (CMS-A line) and allele size of 230 bp in its pollen parent (95-C-1). The hybrid has both the alleles form its parents at 270 and 230bp. The Primer pairs studied were unable to distinguish the male sterile lines form its maintainer lines. However, the SSR marker Ha117 clearly distinguished CMS-234A, CMS-17A and CMS-881A by amplifying alleles of different sizes. The results of the field grow-out test (GOT) and SSR marker test were comparable. The number of samples tested were more in GOT compared to the number of samples in SSR marker test. The cost of seed genetic purity test using SSR marker (ORS 309) was around Rs. 40.00/seedling that includes all the major components of the test. Isolation study indicated that the seed setting per cent on CMS-17A capitulum was higher at 400m isolation distance (13.26 %) and this was followed by 500m (9.51 %). It was lowest at 600m (1.08 %) and no seed setting was observed from 700m to 1000m in all the directions of the study. Seed maturation and occurrence of seed dormancy study showed that germination per cent was very low (2.0 %) at 30 DAP (Days After Pollination) and increased to 16.0 per cent after 40 DAP. The dormancy dissipated naturally between 30 to 40 days after harvest (DAH). Maximum germination (98.50%) was recorded at 60 DAH followed by 50 DAH (96.75%). Besides, seed dormancy breaking study revealed that the seeds soaked in water for 24 hours recorded higher germination (82 %) followed by dry heating at 800C for 10 minutes (81 %). Seeds treated with GA3 @ 100 ppm recorded higher seedling vigour index (908) followed by ethrel @ 25 ppm (904) and water (902). However, the smoke treatment with ‘sambrani’ also resulted in significant improvement in germination (80%) over control (24%).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENTS ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN HYBRID SUNFLOWER (BSH-1)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-11-11) DHANANJAYA, M.; RAME, GOWDA
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF VARIETIES, PLANTING DENSITIES AND FERTILIZER LEVELS ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF CLUSTER BEAN (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-08-14) SIDDARAJU, R.; Narayanaswamy, S.
    Field and laboratory experiments were conducted at Seed Technology Research centre, National Seed Project, University of Agricultural Sciences, G.K.V.K., Bangalore during kharif 2006 and summer 2007 to study the influence of varieties, planting densities and fertilizer levels on seed yield and quality of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). There were 30 treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The following are the treatment combinations with five varieties viz., PNB-1, AVKG-37, BG-1, BG-2 and BG-3, three planting densities viz., 45x15 cm, 45x30 cm and 60x30 cm and two fertilizer levels viz., 25:75:60 kg NPK ha-1 and 50:100:60 kg NPK ha-1. The experimental results revealed that the variety AVKG-37 recorded significantly highest number of branches per plant (5.76 and 6.88), number of cluster per plant (11.67 and 17.17), number of pods per cluster (5.28 and 5.72), number of pods per plant (59.3 and 100.4), pod weight per plant (11.89 and 20.33 g), number of seeds per plant (450 and 779), harvest index (0.476 and 0.481), seed yield per plant (12.83 and 14.30 g) and graded seed yield (9.22 and 10.35 q ha-1) during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively. Among the planting densities, a spacing of 45x30 cm registered significantly highest number of cluster (10.97 and 14.80), number of pods per cluster (5.07 and 5.27), number of pods per plant (55.36 and 80.33), number of seeds per pod (7.55 and 7.43) and harvest index (0.445 and 0.461) during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively. While, the graded seed yield (9.80 and 10.80 q ha-1) was obtained at 45x15 cm during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively. The higher fertilizer dose @ 50:100:60 kg NPK ha-1 recorded higher plant height (62.96 and 64.11 cm), number of branches per plant (4.86 and 5.00), number of clusters per plant (10.60 and 14.38), number of pods per cluster (4.89 and 5.27), number of pods per plant (52.12 and 76.87), pod weight per plant (17.58 and 19.12 g), harvest index (0.422 and 0.441), seed yield per plant (11.47 and 13.05 g) and graded seed yield (8.39 and 9.41 q ha-1) during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively. With respect to seasons, the maximum raw and graded seed yield (10.03 and 9.26 q ha-1) noticed in summer 2007 compared to kharif 2006 (9.84 and 8.28 q ha-1), respectively. The seed quality parameters viz., germination (96.8 and 94.8%), vigour index (2888 and 2875), total dehydrogenase activity (1.426 and 1.363) and field emergence (91.3 and 92.4%) were noticed significantly highest in variety AVKG 37 during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively. The planting density at 60x30 cm registered highest germination (98.2 and 96.7%), vigour index (3034 and 2936), total dehydrogenase activity (1.528 and 1.424) and field emergence (94.1 and 93.6%) during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively. The lowest seed quality parameters were noticed in 45x15 cm planting density. Application of 50:100:60 kg NPK ha-1 was recorded higher seed quality viz., 100 seed weight (3.767 and 3.721 g), vigour index (1217 and 1160), total dehydrogenase activity (1.369 and 1.342) and field emergence (92.0 and 92.0%) during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively. However, fertilizer doses did not showed significant influence on seed germination. To summerise, the variety AVKG-37 sown at 45x15 cm with fertilizer @ 50:100:60 kg NPK ha-1 recorded the highest graded seed yield (10.97 and 11.98 q ha-1) with highest cost benefit ratio (1.00 and 1.27) during kharif 2006 and summer 2007, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON VARIETAL CHARACTERIZATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-09-19) PRASHANTH, Y.; RAMA PRASANNA, K. P.
    Varietal identification and use of specific markers for ensuring genetically pure seed to reach the cultivar has been assuming critical importance in seed industry and agricultural research and development. In the present study 24 chilli cultivars were characterized based on morphological, chemical, biochemical and molecular markers, which serves as distinct identification marker and also intend to assess cultivar diversity. Among the 29 quantitative and 41 qualitative morphological traits studied, hypocotyl colour, hypocotyl pubescence, stem colour, stem length to first bifurcation, stem diameter, branching habit, tillering habit, anther colour, fruit colour at intermediate and maturity stage, fruit shape at pedicel and blossom end, neck at the base of the fruit, fruit length, fruit width, pedicel length, dry fruit weight, 1000 seed weight and seed size could be efficiently utilized for distinguishing the chilli cultivars. Seasonal variations were observed for most of the quantitative characters, while none of the qualitative characters were influenced by the season. Significantly taller and wider plant, longer and wider leaves, longer and broader fruits, heavier and larger seeds were noticed in Kharif than in summer season. However, none of the traits individually could distinguish all the 24 cultivars. Hence, keys based on a set of morphological traits were developed, which was able to distinguish all the cultivars. The studied cultivars did not respond to phenol, modified phenol, NaOH or KOH colour reaction but responded significantly for the exogenous application of GA3, and Kinetin based on which the cultivars could be grouped into different categories, while 2, 4-D at 10 ppm concentration was found to be too toxic for the seeds to produce normal seedlings. Protein marker was able to identify all the twenty four cultivars and can be employed effectively for identification of chilli cultivars, either by presence or absence of bands or with intensity of bands. Malate dehydrogenase isozyme marker gave very little polymorphism and was found to be of little help for characterization studies in chilli cultivars. RAPD markers were found to be an effective tool compared to protein and morphological markers in differentiating the chilli cultivars. Out of the twenty-decamer RAPD primers, ten primers produced polymorphic bands for the studied cultivars. Primers viz., OPAC-07, OPAC-02, OPAC-04, OPAC-5 and OPAC-11 were found to be most efficient in generating polymorphic bands and distinguishing the cultivars. Finally the clusters developed using the morphological, protein and molecular markers assisted in identifying the extent of variation between closely related cultivars. The study has generated some important morphological traits, protein marker and molecular markers that can be effectively employed in distinguishing the chilli cultivars.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on seed quality with special reference to seed health in rice(Oryza sativa L)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2009-05-28) P. J, Devaraju; K. P, Rama Prasanna
    Studies were conducted to reveal influence of provenances on seed quality, mycoflora and efficacy of seed treatment to prolong seed viability and to control seed mycoflora on 140 samples including 74 genotypes collected from different Agro-climatic regions of Karnataka. The experimental results revealed that seed germination varied among the different provenance. Test weight ranged from 12.83g (BPT- 5204, Zone-6) to 32.34g (IET-29926, Zone-10). Vigour index ranged from 4072 (IR57773, Zone-10) to 1289 (Jyothi, Zone-4). Lowest and highest electrical conductivity of 66 dSm-1 and 326 dSm-1was recorded in Shakthi and KHRS-26, respectively produced at Zone-10. Provinces viz., Zone-2 (BPT-5204), Zone-3 (IET-13684, IET-14238), Zone-4 (IR-64), Zone-5 (MTU-1001 and Jyothi), Zone-6 (Marutheru), Zone-7 (Rasi and IR-30864), Zone-8 (Emergency Sona, Jaya and Shikaripura local), Zone-9 (IET-57773, Intan and Padmarekha) and Zone-10 (IET-9926, Hemavathi, KRHS-10 and KRHS-26) recorded highest seed quality and found congenial for quality seed production. The different mycoflora found on genotypes were Drechslera oryzae, Curvularia sp., Epicoccum sp., Nigrospora sp., Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus sp., Sarocladium oryzae, Trichoconis padwickii, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Fusarium sp. Per cent seed mycoflora encountered with respect to genotype and location varied across the provenance. Highest range of infection was with Drechslera oryzae (0 to14%) in Zone- 7 and least (2-6%) was in Zone-2. Whereas, highest (0-12%) infection of Pyricularia oryzae was in Zone-7 and least was in Zone -2 and 6 (0-4%). Samples with higher seed mycoflora were treated with fungicides viz.,captan, mancozeb, carbendazim and thiram @ 2g/kg and stored in 200 gauge polythene bags for one year, which revealed that carbendazim significantly recorded higher Vigour index (2432) compared to other chemicals. IET-13684 and BPT-5204 produced at Raichur and Sirguppa treated with thiram and captan maintained higher germinability (95%) up to one year. Field experiment with fungicidal sprays at 50% flowering, milky stage and physiological maturity during kharif 2002 at Ponnampet and Mandya with cultivars Shalivahana and Rasi, respectively reveled significant increase in seed yield, quality and reduction in mycoflora with Tricyclozole @ 0.06 per cent sprayed at three growth stages of seed crop at ponnampet with variety Shalivahana. Among the 21 rice hybrids evaluated for seed quality, Loknath recorded highest test weight (24.50g), germination (97%) and lowest EC (176dSm-1). Hybrid MRB-5180 recorded lowest number of discoloured (3%) seeds and Proagro-6210 recorded highest seedling length (40.62 cm) and Vigour index (3817). Hybrids Loknath, PRH-123 and MRB-5180 recorded highest seed quality parameters.