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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF TURMERIC {Curcuma longa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) MANNIKERI I. M.; P. R. DHARMAHIField experiments were conducted for two seasons during kharif 2003 and 2004 in the Olericulture Unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, to evaluate the organic manures, intercrops and weed management practices in turmeric production. Among the different organic manures, application of vermicompost (@ 15.65 t/ha) was found superior for all the growth and yield parameters. Application of vermicompost resulted in the highest fresh rhizome yield (33.62 t/ha), cured rhizome 3deld (6.74 t/ha) and was closely followed by the application of pressmud (@15 t/ha). Application of pressmud (@ 15 t/ha) realized the maximum B:C ratio (2.71:1) followed by the application of poultry manure (@ 6.43 t/ha) (2.60:1) and vermicompost (@ 15.65 t/ha) (2.31:1). Among the different intercropping systems, sole crop of turmeric was found significantly superior for all the growth and yield parameters, fresh rhizome yield (23.46 t/ha) and cured rhizome yield (4.40 t/ha). Growing of okra as an intercrop has significant influence on all the growth and yield parameters of turmeric and it has realized maximum fresh rhizome yield (20.38 t/ha) and cured rhizome yield (3.95 t/ha). Turmeric+tomato cropping system was realized maximum B:C ratio (2.66:1) followed by turmeric + french bean (2.53:1) and turmeric + okra (2.22:1). While, sole cropping of turmeric realized the B:C ratio of 2.18:1. Among the different weed control treatments, weed free control (hand weeding) recorded significantly highest weed control efficiency (100%), fresh rhizome yield (26.27 t/ha), cured rhizome yield (5.59 t/ha) and B:C ratio (2.74:1). Among the herbicides, chlorimuron (@ 9.0 g a.i./ha) was highly toxic to turmeric crop and application of pendimethalin showed the maximum weed control efficiency (76.24%) recorded significantly higher fresh rhizome yield (26.67 t/ha), cured rhizome yield (5.59 t/ha) and B:C ratio (2.39:1) followed by application of chlomazone (@ 1.0 kg a.i./ha).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INDUCED METAGENESIS AND in vitro REGENERATION IN TURMERIC {Curcuma longa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) RAMAKRISHNAV. HEGDE; A. N. MOKASHITurmeric is an important rhizomatous spice, combining properties of colourant, cosmetic and drug. Sterile triploid nature of turmeric is one of the bottlenecks in crop improvement. Being a vegetatively propagated crop, mutation breeding is an important tool in turmeric improvement. Studies were conducted to standardize the optimum dose of mutagen i.e., gamma irradiation for in vivo and chemical mutagens for in vitro raised plants, to standardize the protocol for in vitro clonal propagation and to study the variability in the induced mutants. Among the two cultivars evaluated, Salem was more sensitive to gamma irradiation with a LD50 dose of 1.135 kR compared to Cuddappah (2.69 kR). Mutant spectrum showed predominance of striata type and dwarf types in chlorophyll and morphological mutants respectively. The study on vegetative characters indicated that lower doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kR did not affect the characters significantly. The vegetative characters and crop duration was drastically reduced at 5.0 kR and as a result, plants did not form the rhizomes. Higher degree of variability was observed for characters such as number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area, weight of mother and finger rhizomes. The highest GCV and PCV was observed for weight of finger rhizomes. C-1.0 - 10/4 (546.9g) and S-0.5-9/3 (487.48) were selected for higher rhizome yield, S-0.5 - 9/9 (24.7%) for recovery and SO.5-6/1 (5.42) for higher curcumin content after evaluating evaluation of M1V2 progenies. In vitro studies for clonal propagation of turmeric indicated that the highest number of multiple shoots in turmeric was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/1 BAP and 0.2 mg/1 NAA whereas, better rooting was obtained with 0.5 mg/1 IB A. The in vitro mutation studies in cv. Salem with chemical mutagens indicated that the LD50 for EMS was 114.58 |iM and DES was 28.80 pM. Both mutagens increased the variability in vegetative and reproductive characters. Mutants D-1-3 (318.25g) and E-200-4 (285.83g) gave the highest rhizome yield whereas, D-10-3 recorded the highest curcumin content.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SALT TOLERANCE IN Vitis spp.(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) DERBEW BELEW YOHANNES; A. N. MOKASHIA pot culture experiment was conducted during 2004-2006 at the College of Agriculture, Dharwad to study variability in salt tolerance of rootstocks, varieties and their stionic combinations and find out the effect of AM fungi (Glomus fasciculatum] on growth and nutrient uptake of grape rootstocks under varying levels of soil salinity. Plant growth (shoot length, internodal length, stem girth, number of leaves per vine, leaf area, root length, root volume and dry weight) significantly decreased with the increase in salinity levels in all the rootstocks, commercial varieties and stions studied. At the maximum salinity level of 8 dS m-* total plant mortality (100%) was observed in commercial varieties tnz., Thompson Seedless, Sharad Seedless and Sonaka, whereas, Bangalore Blue recorded 50 per cent plant mortality). Among the rootstocks, maximum plant mortality (50%) was observed in both St. George and 1613, while minimum (25%) in Dogridge and Salt Creek at the salinity level of 8 dSm-k In the stions maximum plant mortality (50%) was observed in varieties grown on St. George and 1613 rootstocks. Varieties grafted on Dogridge recorded low mortality (25%). Mycorrhiza inoculated rootstocks performed better in saline conditions compared to uninoculated plants and the plant mortality was low in mycorrhizal plants (2.50%) as against uninoculated (7.50%). On the basis of index values analyzed considering plant mortality, various growth parameters, physiological parameters and nutrient contents in the leaves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, C1 and K;Na) as affected by vaiying levels of salinity, grape rootstocks, varieties and stions studied were ranked as (l)Rootstocks: Dogridge > Salt Creek > 1613 > St. George, (2) Commercial varieties: Bangalore Blue > Sharad Seedless > Sonaka > Thompson Seedless and (3) Stions: Thompson Seedless on Dogridge > Sonaka on 1613 > Sonaka on Dogridge > Sonaka on St. George > Sharad Seedless on St. George > Thompson Seedless on 1613 > Sharad Seedless on 1613 > Thompson Seedless on St. George > Sharad Seedless on DogridgeThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES AND MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL WILT IN BRINJAL [Solanum melongena L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) PRABHUDEVA S. AJJAPPALAVARAThe investigation on genetic studies and management of bacterial wilt in brinjal (Sotonum melongena L.) were carried out during 2003-06 In the Olericulture Unit. Department of Horticulture. University of Agricultural Sciences. Dhanvad. The nine genotypes including local cultivars were used for the study based on their per se performance and horticultural traits. TXventy hybrids developed using line x tester design were shown wide range of resistance to bacterial wilt with considerable magnitude of heterosis for yield and quality attributing characters. The two crosses DWD-1 X Malapur and DWD-1 x Rabakavi were found to be best yielders and resistant to wilt incidence over two years and these two crosses can be commercially cultivated in the farmers field. Combining ability analysis revealed that all the characters studied were predominantly governed by non-additive gene action. The inheritance study for bacterial wilt resistance in four F2 populations has fit into a 3:1 ratio indicates the single dominant gene governed the resistance. Among the segregating populations studied, very high frequency of transgressive segregants for fruit weight (8.91%) and fruit yield per plant (6.44%) were observed in the F2 population of DWD-1 X Malapur. Among mutagens. gamma rays response was good compcU"ed to ethyl methane sulphonate for the improvement of local cultivar Malapur for the bacterial wilt. The bacterial wilt resistant mutants were observed in the 5 and 10 Krd gamma rays treatments in the M2 generation and no fruit set was observed in Mi generation of EMS treatments. The impact of soil amendment on bacterial wilt incidence revealed that the gypsum level 250 kg per ha reduced the wilt incidence significantly compared to control and lower levels. In the crop rotation experiment the wilt incidence has reduced to 59.10 and 58.52 per cent with maize and sorghum, respectively compared to monocropping sequence (82.31%) of brinjal.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY, DIVERGENCE, HETEROSIS AND COMDINING ADILITY STUDIES IN CUCUMDER {Gucumis saUvus L)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) CHANDRASHEKHAR N. HANCHINAMANI; M. G. PATILAn investigation was taken up to assess variability, diversity and combining ability in cucumber during the period from October, 2004 to March, 2006 at Horticulture farm of Agricultural College, Bheemarayanagudi, Gulbarga. To assess genetic variability and diversity 45 genotypes were evaluated. Out of 20 characters studied genotypic and phenotypic variation were high for marketable fruits per vine. High heritability coupled with genetic advance over mean were recorded for total fruit yield per vine. Fruit yield had positive and highly significant association phenotypically and genotypically with vine length, intemodal length, number of branches per vine, number of nodes per vine, fruit length, fruit diameter, average fruit weight, number of marketable fruits per vine and total number of fruits per vine. Average fruit weight had positive and direct genotjrpic and phenotypic effect on fruit yield per vine. Using estimated values 45 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters. The highest inter cluster distance was noticed between IV and V clusters. The intra cluster distance was highest in Vll cluster. To determine heterosis and combining ability five lines and seven testers were selected and subjected to line x tester analysis. BGDL X Hot Season, BGDL x White Long, BGDL x Hyderabad cucumber were superior performers owing to the high total fruit yield per vine and total number of fruits per vine. Among 35 hybrids maximum positive heterosis over mid and better parent were noticed in the hybrids BGDL x Hot Season and BGDL x White Long respectively, for total fruit yield per vine. Variance due to SCA was higher than GCA for most of the characters studied indicating involvement of dominant gene action than additive gene action. The hybrids GBGL x Hyderabad Cucumber and BGDL x Hyderabad Cucumber were most stable for yield and well adopted to all three environments.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF PATCHOULI [Pogostemon patchouli?q\\^\,) AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN, SPACING, SHADE, GROWTH REGULATORS AND HARVEST TECHNIQUES(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-31) Mr. C.K. VENUGOPAL; A.N. MOKASHIStudies were conducted at ttie Main Agricultural Research Station of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2002-03 and 2003-04 for optimizing herbage production, oil yield and quality of Patchouli by evaluating the effect of nitrogen, spacing, shade, growth regulators, levels and intervals of harvesting. The treatment combination of 150 kg nitrogen with 45 x 45 cm spacing (N4S2) was found superior in inducing plants to produce higher herbage yield per hectare (fresh and dry) at three different harvests. The same treatment combination significantly increased the total herbage yield per hectare (fresh and dry) and total oil yield per hectare. Cultivation under open condition had a significant influence on fresh and dry herbage yield and oil yield per hectare at the first and second harvests compared to shade cultivation. However, after the crop was harvested twice, the plants under open condition could not satisfactorily grow further. Whereas, under shade, the plants kept performing equally well as that of I and II harvest thus the herbage yield at ill harvest was higher under shade and even the fourth harvest was also possible. Shade cultivation also influenced the total herbage yield per hectare (fresh and dry), oil yield per hectare, oil content and oil quality significantly. Experiment conducted on growth regulators revealed that the application of 100 ppm GA + 2 ppm triacontanol resulted in higher fresh and dry herbage yield and oil yield at all the three harvests. The total fresh and dry herbage yield per hectare and total oil yield per hectare were also significantly influenced by the same treatment. In the experiment on harvesting, the treatment combination L2I2 (70% harvest at 90 days interval) resulted in increased fresh and dry herbage yield and oil yield at three different harvests. Significantly higher total fresh and dry herbage yield and oil yield per hectare were registered under the same treatment combination.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.) Cv. HASSAN LOCAL GROWN UNDER PROTECTED AND OPEN FIELD CONDITIONS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-05-31) M. ANJANAPPA; J. VENKATESHAThe field experiments were conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of cucumber {Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Hassan Local grown under protected and open field conditions, for two seasons (Summer, 2005 and rabi, 2006) at the Division of Horticulture, UAS, Bangalore. The results revealed that combined application of 75% RDF + 75% FYM + AZT + FSB + TD (T2) recorded significantly higher vine length (250.33 and 255.16 cm), number of leaves (93.26 and 96.50 vine"') branches (7.23 and 7.78 vine"'), total dry matter accumulation (373.85 and 454.33 vine"'), higher fruit yield per hectare (62.76t and 63.68 t), higher ascorbic acid content (6.50 and 5.91 mg lOOg"') and Total Soluble Solid (3.0 and 3.16°Brix), maximum total uptake of nitrogen (145.36 and 128.16 kg ha"'), phosphorus (64.88 and 66.52 kg ha"') and potassium (363.33 and 351.55 kg ha"') net retums (Rs.1,64,333 and Rs. 1,68,933) and benefit cost ratio (1:1.09 and 1:1.30) respectively during both the years under protected conditionThesisItem Open Access PROPAGATION OF SOME GRAPE ROOT3TOCKS IN ENRICHED ORGAI JIG MEDIA AND THEIR SUBSEQUENT GRAFT SUCCESS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-03-01) HUSAMEDDIN AL-SAID; G.S. PRAKASHThree experiments were carried out at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Hessaraghatta, Bangalore-89 during the year 2006-07 to study the effect of various substrates and microbial combinations on rooting and graft success of grapevine rootstocks. The experiments consisted of three grapevine rootstocks viz., Dogridge, St.George and 1613 and three substrates namely plant sap, humic acid, vermiwash and a control and seven microbial combinations (Mi: Glomus mosseae + Trichoderma harzianum, M2: Glomus mosseae + Bacillus subtilis, M3: Glomus mosseae + Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mj: Glomus mosseae + Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtilis, Mj; Glomus mosseae + Trichoderma harzianum + Bacillus subtilis + Pseudomonas fluorescens. Me: IBA and M?: control). Among the substrates used, humic acid significantly influenced almost all the root and shoot parameters in hardwood grapevine cuttings of the three rootstocks. Next best treatments were vermiwash and plant sap. Among various microbial combinations tried, treatment M5 was the most effective for almost all the root and shoot parameters studied as compared to control. Other microbial combinations (Mi, M2, M3 and M4) gave similar results as IBA treatment. Among different grape rootstocks tested, the root development was significantly superior in 1613, while St.George rootstock showed the best shoot development. Early bud break was recorded in the cuttings treated with plant sap which was on par with the cuttings treated with vermiwash. Among the different microbial combinations M2, M3 and M5 gave early bud break as compared to control. The percentage of graft success and root colonization was significantly increased by humic acid, whereas other substrate treatments were not significant. The percent graft success was sigmficantly increased by M4 and M5, while the percentage of root colonization was significantly increased by all the microbial combinations (Mi, M2, M3, M4 and M5). The rootstock 1613 gave the highest percent graft success, while St. George showed the highest percentage of root colonization.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IN VITRO REGENERATION IN PUMMELO {Citrus grandis fL.] Osb.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-03-13) SASAN RASTGOO; Dr. B. RajuStudies on in vitro regeneration of an elite genotype of pummelo (Citrus grandis [L.] Osbeck.) revealed that 0.75 mg/1 was the best concentration of benzyl adenine (BA) for induction of multiple shoots from in vitro nodal explants. Full strength MS medium showed its overall superiority over half strength MS, MT, and WPM media for shoot multiplication from the same explants. While NAA did not yield satisfactory root induction in microshoots, IBA at 4 mg/1 was found to be the best treatment which induced cent per cent rooting in microshoots accompanied with normal shoot growth. For plantlet regeneration through indirect organogenesis, 2,4-D induced better callus formation on cotyledon explants than NAA, quantitatively and qualitatively. Combination of 1 or 2 mg/1 2,4-D + 1 mg/1 BA was observed as the best treatment for callusing. While NAA-induced calli failed to regenerate shoots, 2,4-D-induced calli regenerated shoots on the media containing 5 mg/1 BA with frequency of 90 per cent and average of 1.9 shoots per explant. Adenine sulphate appeared less effective than BA in induction of shoots from the calli. For indirect somatic embryogenesis, ovary tlCLs explants showed the highest callus formation of 80 per cent on the medium supplemented with 3 mg/1 BA + 500 mg/1 ME. These calli could not produce embryo on embryo induction media. Immature ovule explants produced callus with frequency of 81 per cent on media containing 2,4-D at 0.2 mg/1. Media containing 2,4-D was superior than the ones containing NAA or BA in callus induction from immature ovules. Transferring of the 2,4-D- and NAA-induced calli on the media supplemented with different carbohydrate sources, i.e. sucrose, maltose, galactose and lactose each at 30 and 50 g/1 could not induce somatic embryogenesis in the calli. Supplementation of sucrose-based media with 2,4-D, 2,4-D plus kinetin, ABA, TDZ, and L-glutamine each at different concentrations also did not yield somatic embryogenesis.