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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access Development of Dual Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl Virus and its Vector Whitefly {Bemisia tabaci) using Lycopersicon hirsutum (LA1777) Introgressed Lines in Tomato {Lycopersicon esculentum)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-09-17) PRABUDDHA, H. R.; R. S. KulkarniNo AbstractThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON RECIPROCAL SELECTION FOR COMBINING ABILITY TO IMPROVE HYBRID PERFORMANCE IN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) SOMASHEKHAR; S.A PATILHybrid breeding programmes in eross pollinated erops like maize are supported by various schemes for improving combining ability by handling combining ability as a trait. By utilizing such scheme genetically diverse lines are developed, which when used, give rise to superior hybrid combinations, such method can be employed in cotton. The experimental material of this study was constituted by a set of four hirsutum varietal (parental) lines namely RAH 10 (A), RAH 100 (B), RAH20 (C) and RAH200 (D) forming two diverse single (RAHH102 (A X B) and RAHH136 (C x D)) crosses which are found to be veiy diverse from each other based on predicted double eross performance. Twenty six random F4 lines derived from these two single crosses were selected for use in assessing the variability for combining ability. These lines are crossed with three common testers viz., AACHH1065 (T3), 435308 (T4) and ZCH- 21045 (T5). Another two different testers were used as uncommon/reciprocal testers where RAHH136 (Ti) hybrid serves as a tester for evaluating F4 lines of RAHH102 lines and vice versa te., RAHH102 (T2) hybrid serves as a tester for testing combining ability of F4 lines of RAHH136 lines. The magnitude of variability for combining ability was assessed in terms of range, variance, coeflieient of variance and mean seed cotton yield of these derived Fis (26 dFis per tester) in comparison with straight crosses (crosses of parental lines A, B, C and D with tester concerned) and commercial check. By comparing dFis with superior straight crosses, the magnitude of transgressive segregation for combining ability was determined. Efficiency of testers were also determined based on the mean and variances of the derived Fis. Based on this 435308 (T4) was found to be most efficient in distinguishing the F4 lines of the both crosses, A sizeable portion of derived Fis was significantly superior over commercial check. Among F4 lines R-2 (102) (of RAHH 102) and R-5 (136) (of RAHH 136) lines showed highest improvement in combining ability for seed cotton yield and with regard to fibre properties R-1 (136) and R-6 (102) are the potential combiners. Based on weighted per cent gea method R-11 (102), R-18 (102), 1^21 (136) and R-3 (136) F4 lines were found to be potential combiners with higher pooled scores. The SCA variance for seed cotton yield- was high confirming the role of non-additivity including dominance in governing the expression of seed cotton yield. This also confirms the role of dominant favourable alleles in influencing the seed cotton yield. The combining ability status of most productive crosses in this study helped in drawing the inference about handling the best crosses. Apart from sea, gea effects also contributed to superiority of these crosses justifying the emphasis on developing these Fis into commercial hybrids. In general, the correlation between genetic distances through RAPD among parents and the heterosis shown by their hybrids was non-signifieant may be because the molecular markers used to calculate genetic distances are not linked to the genes controlling seed cotton yield.ThesisItem Open Access TRANSFORMATION STUDIES IN CHICKPEA {Dicerarietinuml.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) SUMA S. BIRADAR; O. SRIDEVIAn investigation was carried out to develop transgenic chickpea for pod borer resistance through in vitro Agrobacterium-mQ6\aXe,6. transformation compatible with in vitro regeneration protocol and non-tissue culture based methods. Three popular cultivars viz., A-1, ICCV-2 and GBS-963 were employed for standardization of multiple shoot regeneration using two types of explants and different levels of TDZ and cytokinin combinations. GBS-963 was found superior over the other two cultivars with the highest number of shoots (31.25) across the treatments with axillary meristem as the explant. The regeneration response was not only dependent upon genotype and explant type but also on the growth regulator. For the root induction, liquid MS medium was found better than solid medium. Pronounced effect of half MS over full MS for percent rooting and roots per shoot was noted. Among various treatments, NAA exhibited high stimulatory effect with half MS. Between two groups, kabuli cultivar yielded the highest rooting response (72.7%) compared to desi cultivars A-1 and GBS-963 (59.5% and 58%). The development of lateral roots and better growth of the plantlets was obtained on 1/4"^ Amon's medium. Among the various potting media used, vermiculite was found better. The rate of in vitro transformation was influenced by many factors such as infection period, co-cultivation time and genetic background of the explant. In the present study, 20 min of infection period and three days of co-cultivation resulted in high transformation frequency. The number of transgenics produced in cultivar ICCV-2 (8.3%) was comparably higher than in A-1 (7.4%). Different non-tissue culture based methods were tried among which seed imbibition resulted in highest transformation frequency (29.3%) in A-1 while shoot tip infection in case of ICCV-2 (72.2%). Putative transgenics were screened through simple test 'kanamycin leaf paint assay' and later confirmed by PCR using primers for nptll and crylAc and expression analysis using Bt dip stick method. Insect bioassay confirmed the expression of integrated crylAc gene. The mortality ranged from 0 to 60 per cent. Thus, for the first time genetic transformation is achieved in recalcitrant species like chickpea through non-tissue culture based methods, which are very simple, efficient and able to generate large number of independent transgenics.ThesisItem Open Access DNA MARKER ASSISTED GENETIC ANALYSIS OF EARLY VIGOUR RELATED TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-08-30) JAYATEERTHA R. DIWAN; M. V. C. GOWDANo AbstractThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC ENHANCEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND WILT RESISTANCE IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-04) H. G. NIJAGUN; P.M. SALIMATHChickpea with very low productivity is constrained by biotic and abiotic factors. Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp ciceri results in significant yield losses. With the objective of combining productivity and resistance to wilt, the present study used two different breeding approaches viz., mutation following hybridization and biparental mating in a carefully planned cross Bheema x ICCV-10. Additionally, an innovative method of pollen based screening (pollen bioassay) for wilt resistance was adopted to enhance selection efficiency for wilt resistance. Pollen bioassay is easy and cost effective alternative to molecular markers and wilt sick plot screening (sporophytic assay). Mutations created better segregating population for productivity and its three important related characters. The BIP population was comparable to F3. Biparental mating and also irradiation shifted the nature of association towards a favorable side. Pods/plant and seed weight was positively and significantly correlated in F3M2 and Bheema M3 populations. Principal component analysis also indicated significant shift in the variation pattern in mutated populations. The proportion of transgressive segregants was highest in F3M2 followed by Bheema M3, F3SSD, BIP and F3 populations. So the hypothesis that mutation following hybridization proved to be true and useful in generating productive segregating population. In this study, resistant, susceptible parents and their combination (Fi) could be easily differentiated on the basis of pollen tube growth under the influence of Fusarium pathotoxin. The families identified as resistant/susceptible based on pollen bioassay behaved similarly during phenotypic assay also. Thus, pollen bioassay technique can be used as a co-dominant marker for selection of wilt resistance in chickpea. With hands on setting, one could screen at least 60-80 samples per day. Therefore, Pollen assisted selection is considered to be a nqteworthy and promising future technology that can help accelerate the breeding efficiency in not only chickpea but also in different crop species.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES INVOLVING MAINTAINED AND RESTORER LINES FDR IMPROVING YIELD AND TOLERANCE TO DIOTIC STRESSES IN )7iM/S0RGN0M(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-04) SAN3EEV, K. DESHPANDE; M. S. PATILIn the present study, under experiment 1, first 8x8 diallel mating design excluding reciprocals was carried out involving four maintainer lines, viz. 104B, M31-2B, 296B and 116B and four restorer lines, viz. SPV570, M35-1, SPV86 and M148-138 of sorghum. Among the different crosses, the combinations 104B x SPV570 and SPV570 x SPV86 proved to be early maturing. The promising hybrids with respect to test weight were SPV86 X M148-138, 104B x M148-138 and M35-1 x SPV86. Among the 28 crosses generated, the two potential hybrids, viz. 116B x M148-138 and M35-1 x SPV86 exceeded the commercial check CSH19R significantly with respect to grain yield per plant and in addition also possessed significantly positive sea effect. Hence, these two crosses could be included for further testing under heterosis breeding programme. Per cent and weighted pooled gca score methods revealed that the lines SPV570, Ml48-138 among R lines and M31-2B, 116B among B lines were best general combiners. Under experiment 2, F2 populations of B x B cross (M31-2B x 116B) and R X R cross (SPV570 x M148-138) were selected for assessment of recombinational variability. With respect to yield per se in the B x B "derivatives, based on derived Fi hybrid evaluation, the F2 plants, viz. F2- 95, F2-79, F2-9I and F2-78 were selected as superior types. In R x R derivatives, 13 percent of them proved to be outstanding. These recombinational variants selected in early F2 generations in B x B and R x R crosses are helpful to develop improved B and R lines for yield per se in sorghum. Under experiment 3,. with respect to charcoal rot tolerance, partial dominance of resistance was indicated. For shoot fly tolerance, resistance was recessive over susceptibility, while complete dominance of resistance to aphids was evidenced in the study. Based on gene effects, dominance component (1) played a major role for inheritance of tolerance to all three biotic stresses. Epistasis of duplicate nature was evidenced in all the three cases of biotic stresses.ThesisItem Open Access CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF FLAVONOID 3'5' HYDROXYLASE PIGMENT GENE FOR DEVELOPING EGO-FRIENDLY COLOUR COTTON {Gossypium spp.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-04) MANJULA S., MARALAPPANAVAR; B. M. KHADHIWhite cotton lint is dyed and processed to derive various colours. This journey from fiber to fabric is costly and also pollutes the water sources with carcinogenic effluents. The naturally pigmented cottons can reduce the use of dyes. Presently only a few colours like brown and green are available naturally in cotton. The present study was done to clone flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H), a cytochrome p450 enzyme that catalyses the 3'5'-hydroxylation of dihydroflavonols, the precursors of purple or blue anthocyanins. Genomic DNA of magenta flowered petunia plant was used. Specific primers were designed for the available sequence of F3'5'H for amplification. The 2.9kb amplicon was cloned in cloning vector DH5a and sequenced. The blast results using www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov showed that the isolated sequence had 99 per cent homology with maximum score bits to two of the seven petunia F3'5'H genes with accession numbers AB 196180.1 and AF081575.1. The isolated gene was subsequently cloned in plant expression vector pHS-100 and the construct pKP1225 was obtained. This was transformed to Agrobacterium AH4404 through tri-parental mating with the helper E. coli pRK 2013. The meristem explants of two genotypes (one white linted and one brown linted) in each species of G.hirsutum and G.arboreum were used for Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Both in planta and in vitro transformation methods were followed. In in planta transformation method four out of 112 in white linted genotype, PA-:2;55 had morphological colour change showing purple coloured veins. Two of the 117 in brown linted genotype, MB-25 showed lint colour change. PGR amplification with specific primers confirmed the transformation of F3'5'H gene into cotton. It can be concluded that through PGR using specific primers the F3'5'H gene has been isolated from petunia and is functional as it has expressed in cotton.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC ENHANCEMENT OF SUGARCANE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER WOOLLY APHID, WATER AND SALT STRESS ENVIRONMENTS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-04) SANJAY, B. PATIL; B. M. KHADHIThe present investigation was carried out to study nnagnitude and nature of variability of cane and sugar yield components in seedling (sexual) generation population of 45 inter varietal crosses and in pre-selected clonal population under three distinct environments viz., moisture stress, salinity water logg complex stress and normal irrigated and further to estimate the inter stage repeatability of important economic traits. The pre-selected clonal populations along with commercial varieties were also evaluated to study path analysis of cane yield and to identify superior progenies for three environments and resistant against sugarcane woolly aphid (SWA). The traits viz., tillering, millable cane height and number, length and number of internodes and HR brix exhibited wide genotypic variation with high h^ and GAM suggesting greater scope for selection in seedling generation itself. The families (crosses) viz., F14, F17, F05, F06 and F19 were promising on the basis of high frequency of superior segregants obtained. The most promising traits and families were also identified in each of the diverse environments and for SWA resistance. Under moisture stress, the traits viz., SOW, internode number, millable cane height and thickness and HR brix were important whereas in salinity water logg complex stress, germination, NMC and SOW were most reliable / dependable traits. On the contrary all the above traits except millable cane height and thickness and internode number were identified under normal irrigated environment. Though for each of the diverse environments specific crosses were identified, the two crosses viz., C068O6 X MS6847 and CoC 771 PC were promising across environments. The contributions of identified traits in each of the environments were also confirmed through path analysis studies. In addition to these, the physiological traits like photosynthesis rate, LUE, WUE, tiller mortality, early internode formation, extensive root system and leaf sheath moisture were also important contributing parameters for improved tolerance to moisture stress.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC TRANSFORMATION IN COTTON ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2007-01-04) SUMA, C. MOGALI; B. M. KHADHINo Abstract