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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access GENETICS OF SCMR AND SLA, THE TRAITS RELATED TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN GROUNDNUT {Arachis hypogaea L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-09-27) GOPALA, REDDY, K.; S. RameshSix groundnut genotypes viz. ICG 7243, ICG 6766, ICG 12988, ICG 10890, ICG 9418 and Chico were used for the study of inheritance pattern of Soil Plant Analytical Development (SPAD) Chlorophyll meter reading. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) and seed yield related characters. Three genotypes viz., JUG3, JUG26, ICGS 76 along with Chico (which was used for inheritance studies) were used for assessing carbon isotope discriminating ability. The genotype ICG 6766 Showed highest SCMR and lowest SLA, indicating its drought tolerance, this genotype was the best for seed yield and its attributes. In F2 generation of all the 4 crosses, association of seed yield with pod yield, 100-Kemel weight, seed length and seed width was highly significant. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were found to be operative for SCMR at 60 DAS and 80 DAS, SLA at 60 DAS and 80 DAS, pod yield, seed yield, seed length, and seed width. Additive gene action was predominant the expression of 100-Kemel weight and shelling percentage. Marked reciprocal differences were observed for SCMR and SLA at 60 DAS and 80 DAS during both rainy and post rainy seasons, suggesting the need for using donor parent as the maternal parent in crossing programme to recover higher frequency of superior lines in advanced generations. JUG 26 with 1 T lowest A C value coupled with higher SCMR and lower SLA was identified as the most water use efficient genotype. In F2 generation of all the 4 crosses, highly significant and negative association was observed between SCMR and SLA. Significant positive association between SCMR and shelling percentage was observed in the cross ICG 9418 x Chico.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIATION FOR GRAIN QUALITY, PROTEIN AND MICRONUTRIENTS IN F2 GENERATION OF BFT 5204 x HPR 14 IN RICE {Oryza sativa L.) UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore, 2008-08-18) ABDUL BASIR, HABIBI; Dr. R. S. KULKARNIA study was undertaken in F2 generation of cross BPT 5204 x HPR 14 to assess genetic variation for plant morphological traits, grain characters, protein and micronutrient content and to understand the interrelationship among developmental traits and grain characters. High PCV and GCV were recorded for number of productive tillers, grain weight, test weight, zinc, manganese and iron. Plant height, number of productive tillers, length/breadth ratio of paddy grain, test weight, protein content and all nutrients studied recorded high heritability and genetic advance. High heritability with low genetic advance was recorded for days to maturity. Significant positive correlation of plant height was observed with number of productive tillers and days to maturity. Days to 50% flowering had positive significant association with grain weight. Days to maturity showed positive significant association with panicle length. Rice kernel length showed positive significant association with rice kernel length/breadth ratio and kernel elongation ratio, while negative significant association was seen with rice kernel breadth. Test weight had positive significant correlation with breadth of paddy grain and rice kernel breadth, while it was negatively associated with length/breadth ratio of paddy grain. Breadth of paddy grain followed by kernel elongation ratio and rice kernel breadth had high positive direct effect on test weight whereas length/breadth ratio of paddy grain had high negative direct effect on test weight. Among the segregants studied B-24-7, A-30-1, B-24-1, B-1-1 land C-22-13, were superior for many traits. Highest protein (20.59%), copper (27.78 ppm). Zinc (37.8 ppm), manganese (96 ppm) and iron (659.4 ppm) was observed in C-23-13, B-32-12, A-26-9, D-25-2 and D-26-2 respectively. Longest rice grains (6.4 mm) were observed in B-24-7, while D-18-3, D-19-1 and D-14-3 were high yielders.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY STUDIES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN COWPEA [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.](University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2008-08-10) Maruthi, J.; VISWANATHA, K. P.An investigation was undertaken to estimate the nature and extent of the genetic variability, divergence among the 169 cowpea genotypes. Association of various characters with yield and its attributing characters were also studied. Diversity at molecular level was estimated using SSR markers and the molecular diversity was compared with morphological diversity. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the ten characters including yield. The estimates of PCV and GCV were high for all the characters except days to physiological maturity and plant height. Positive and significant correlations of seed yield with plant height, number of branches, clusters, pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and test weight was observed. Rath analysis indicated that the traits number of pods per plant and test weight had high direct effects on seed yield. Genetic divergence study using Mahalanobis D2 statistic grouped 169 genotypes into eight clusters. Maximum genotypes were grouped in the cluster VI (5 I genotypes). Maximum contribution towards total divergence was by Seed yield per plant. The genotypes were also screened against three major diseases viz. mosaic virus, rust and leaf spot under natural conditions. Thirty lines were found resistant to all the three diseases in the field condition. The genotypes TC99-1, EC170584-1-1, NBC43, ^ P58. V240 and IC202711(58) were found superior to checks and were showing high yield as well as multiple disease resistance under natural field condition. Fifty representative genotypes were selected for molecular characterization. The results revealed 45 to 100 per cent similarity between the lines at molecular level. Clustering of the morphological data was carried out using correlation coefficient. The genotypes exhibited 88 to 100 p e rc e n t similarity at morphological level. The study revealed that diversity at molecular level was very high compared to diversity at morphological level, suggesting higher resolution for diversity from molecular data than morphological dataThesisItem Open Access Heterosis and combining ability as a function of parental divergence in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench](University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2008-10-15) PRASANNA KUMAR, T.; Gangappa, E.An investigation was carried out involving ten okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) lines selected based on mean and standard deviation of D values. The lines belonging to high and low divergent clusters were involved in a 10x10 half diallel mating to synthesize 45 single cross hybrids to assess the status of parents and their crosses based on their gca and sea effects and to investigate the direction and magnitude of heterosis for fruit yield and its attributes. Further, the parents and hybrids were screened to identify the resistance against fruit borer. Observations were recorded on 11 yield and its attributing characters. The parent Punjab Padmini expressed highest mean values for important yield attributing characters. Among the crosses, Larma-1 x Punjab Padmini, manifested highest mean values for primary branches, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant. It was interesting to note that, Punjab Padmini to nickwell with the other parents. The cross, Punjab PadminixHRB-9-2 was the best specific combination for fruit yield per plant. The hybrid, Larma-1 xPunjab Padmini expressed significant standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant and the same cross was resistant to fruit borer infestation. The number of hybrids with high over all sea status was higher in H x L category of crosses. It is worth while to start with HxL type of crosses followed by LxL for realizing hybrids with high heterosis and SCA effects. The parents which had moderate genetic divergence between them produced higher frequency of heterotic crosses than the parents which had extreme genetic divergence, indicating the existence of limits to parental divergence for optimum expression of heterosis.ThesisItem Open Access INDUCED MUTATION STUDIES IN WINGED BEAN (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2008-02-10) CHETHAN, K G; CHIKKADEVAIAHAn investigation was carried out to elucidate information on induced mutagenesis in ten winged bean genotypes viz., EC-178313, EC-178271, EC- 18313, EC-142665, EC-38955, IC-26345, AKWB-1, NBRI-Selection, Mysore Local and Dwarf Mutant. Ten winged bean genotypes irradiated gamma rays kwith the dose of 10Kr, 15Kr, 20Kr, 25Kr and 30Kr. M1 and M2 generation were evaluated during 2007-2008 at MRS, Hebbal, UAS, Bangalore. Mutagenic sensitivity in M1 generation on the basis of reduced germination and survival revealed a dose dependent reaction and differential response of the genotypes. LD50 was found to be around 15-20Kr. Based on germination and survival percentage, only IC-26345 genotype was advanced from M1 to M2 generation. Studies in M2 generation revealed differential response of genotype to different treatment with respect to viable mutation. Induced polygenic variability was assessed in M1 and M2 generations. In general, wide range of variability was created for most of the traits in all the treated populations compared to control. The mean in general increased towards negative side in IC-26345 with respect to all the treatments. Correlation between characters in M2 generation, got strengthened or weakened or altered compared to control offering better scope for yield improvement through selection. Pods per plant exerted maximum direct as well as indirect effects on seed yield in most of the population. From the present investigation, 28 mutants were identified. Out of 28 mutants 2 mutants were showed semi dwarf types. Mutations affecting the plant habit, leaf morphology, pod characteristics, flower color. The breeding behavior of the selected mutants indicated inconsistent segregation pattern.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Variability for Morphological and Physiological traits related to Water Use Efficiency and Grain Yield in three different crosses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2008-02-10) RAMESH; RAJANNA, M PRice has adapted to complex environment niches. Accordingly, the current rice breeding programme is directed towards formulating effective selection procedures for target environment to improve polygenic traits like yield and yield contributing characters. One such target environment is breeding for high water use efficiency. Besides, making any meaning full selection it is pre-requisite to know the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for some of the important traits which contribute towards water use efficiency (WUE) and grain yield. With this background an experiment was conducted during summer 2007 in aerobic condition to study the F2 population of three cross combinations along with five parents in rice for 10 quantitative characters to know the genetics of water use efficiency based on relation between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and grain yield. High phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was noted for characters like productive tillers per plant, grains per panicle, harvest index and Δ13C. Discrimination studies were carried for all the F2 plants in three crosses along with the parents. The results confirmed that there exists an inverse relationship between Δ13C and grain yield in all the three crosses. Top ten transgressive segregants among the F2 population of three cross combination were selected based on Δ13C values and grain yield in comparison to both the parental values. F2 transgressive segregants Viz., 33, 417 of cross I and 194 of cross II were found to be outstanding with respect to grain yield coupled with low Δ13C values. Hence, selections for low Δ13C resulted in increased grain yield. Besides, Δ13C, selections of single plants based on productive tillers per plant, grains per panicle and grain yield will be effective since these traits showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. The superior transgressive segregants obtained in F2 population of three crosses can be advanced to further generations so as to stabilize the selections for higher water use efficiency and grain yield.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) GERMPLASM(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2008-08-08) MADAN KUMAR, N. H.; Niranjana, Murthy.An investigation was carried out involving 49 chilli genotypes with an objective to study the variability, divergence among the genotypes and to evaluate under rainfed situation. The experiment was laid out in 7×7 simple lattice design and observations were made on sixteen growth, yield and quality traits. Significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters were observed. High PCV and GCV were observed for number of fruits, dry fruit yield, ascorbic acid, oleoresin, capsanthin, and capsaicin contents. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for dry fruit yield, number of fruits, single fruit weight, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit, ascorbic acid, oleoresin, capsanthin and capsaicin content. Correlation studies indicated positive significant correlation of plant spread, number of fruits, single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit and oleoresin content with dry fruit yield. Path analysis on dry fruit yield showed that number of fruits per plant exerted more positive direct effect on dry fruit yield. It also revealed that simultaneous improvement of single fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and fruit length may enhance the dry fruit yield. Path analysis on oleoresin content suggested that fruit diameter exerted more positive direct effect on oleoresin content. Genetic divergence studies using Mahalanobis D2 statistic grouped 49 genotypes into six clusters. Maximum genotypes were grouped in the cluster III with 27 genotypes followed by cluster VI (10), cluster I (4), cluster IV (3), cluster V (3) and cluster II (2). Maximum contribution towards total divergence was by capsaicin followed by days to 50 per cent flowering and single fruit weight. Based on performance of genotypes for dry fruit yield under rainfed situation the genotypes viz., DCA-97, DCA-90, DCA-93 and DCA-69 were found to be promising.ThesisItem Open Access Distribution of sorghum recombinant inbred lines (RIL’s) for root and shoot morphological traits and their interrelationship(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2008-08-18) DHANANJAYA, N. P.; JAGADEESH, B. N.The experiment was conducted at Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural science, Bangalore during rabi- 2007 to assess the interrelationship among root morphological traits and shoot traits in M 35-1 X B 35 sorghum RIL’s mapping population in PVC pipes under well water condition. Similarly RIL’s were also evaluated in field to identify high yielding RIL’s and transgressive lines. Significant differences among the 210 RIL’s for most of the traits indicated presence of variability. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were high for most of the traits. Where as, moderate GCV and PCV were noticed for shoot length (SL), panicle length (PL), 100 seed weight, number of whorls (NW) and low for days to flowering (DTF) and days to maturity (DTM). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean were noticed for maximum shoot length (MSL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), per day shoot length (SPL), total plant height (TPHT), per day plant length (PPL), maximum root length (MRL), root volume (RV), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), per day root length (RPD), root to shoot length ratio(R/S), shoot length (SL), Panicle width (PW), panicle weight (PWt), 100 seed weight, number of primary branches (NPB) and grain yield per plant. Shapiro- Wilk’s test of normality indicated that RIL’s population was deviated from normal distribution for most of the traits. MSL, TPHT, SPD, DTF, DTM, SL and 100 seed weight were negatively skewed indicated increasing alleles were more and dominant for the traits /'.ThesisItem Open Access FORMATION AND EVALUATION OF FINGER MILLET [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] CORE GERMPLASM FROM GLOBAL COLLECTIONS(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2008-02) NANDINI, L; JAYARAME, GOWDAConsidering the importance of finger millet as food and feed crop, an effort was made to develop core set from the entire collection of 4511 accessions by using the software PowerCore (v.1.0). Data on 27 descriptors were considered to develop core set. Similar trend of distribution of accessions according to their origin in both entire and core collection was observed. The percentage of significance difference for means and variance, coincidence rate for distribution of ranges, variable rate for comparison of coefficient of variation, one sample ‘t’ test for means, Levene’s test for variance, Chisquare test for frequency distribution analysis of morphological traits and Shannon- Weaver Diversity Index for different traits validated that the variation present in entire collection had been preserved in the core set. Core set was also evaluated for extent of variability, character association, path analysis and genetic divergence for quantitative traits. ANOVA revealed highly significant difference among the accessions for all the quantitative traits except flag leaf blade width. High PCV and GCV estimates, moderate heritability and high genetic advance were recorded by finger length, straw yield, ear weight, grain yield and total biomass. All yield component characters exhibited significant association with grain yield. Genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that total biomass had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield. Using Mahalanobis D2 statistic, 225 accessions were grouped into six divergent clusters. Wide genetic variability was indicated by the intra and inter cluster distances. Based on cluster means, cluster V ranked first. It was also found that among all the characters, harvest index had highest contribution towards the genetic diversity. Thus, it can be concluded that core set has all the diversity present in the entire collection and the method followed in the formation of core set by using the software ‘PowerCore’ (v.1.0) was correct.