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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access Study on Brand Preference and Retail Trade Practices of Chemical Fertilizers in Bhadra Command Area(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41286) HARISH, REDDY; Venkata Reddy, T NThe self-sufficiency in food grains in India was achieved as result of green revolution of 1960’s which can be attributed to using of High Yielding Varieties seeds and chemical fertilizers. The chemical fertilizer industry has grown substantially and supported by the government. Presently 65 large size fertilizer manufacturing plants are operating in the India with as many brands. The present study is an attempt to understand farmers brand preference of chemical fertilizers, factors influencing preference, estimating the market share of different companies and retail trade practices. Twenty farmers and 5 retailers were selected from each taluk of Bhadravathi, Davanagere, Harihara and Shimoga. The FACT, IFFCO, MCF and ZIL brands are known to cent per cent of the farmers. The MCF brand is preferred for urea and DAP fertilizers. The brand, price, quality and previous experience with brand were the major factors influencing the preference of particular brand. The RCF, CFL and IPL companies together have major market share of Urea (23.75%), SSP (53.94%) and MOP (41.55%) respectively. The IFFCO company have 27.5 per cent in DAP Indigenous and IPL 20.8% per cent in DAP imported. The retailers have rated the fertilizer companies based on volume of sales, farmers awareness and service provided by the companies. The fertilizer companies are suggested to intiate strategies influencing brand preference. The market leadership in one product category can be used to expand to other products. Retailers of chemical fertilizer can be treated as integral part of company distribution strategy.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON MARKETING OF RAISIN IN BIJAPUR DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41283) MANJUNATH, KAKKALI; JAYARAM, M SGrape is one of the important fruit crops grown in India. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) belong to the Vitaceae family. It is the third most widely cultivated fruit after citrus and banana. Agricultural marketing plays an important role not only in stimulating production and consumption, but also in accelerating the pace of economic development. An efficient marketing system ensures higher levels of income for the farmers and widens the markets for products by taking them to remote corners of the country. A study on marketing of raisin in Bijapur district was carried out during 2011-2012 and data was analyzed using appropriate tools. The study has clearly indicated that the cost of making raisin was high in sulphur fumigation method(Rs.7,57,914.8) as compared to oil dipping method of raisin making (Rs.7,46,752.3). However, the net returns from sulphur fumigated raisin also higher as compared to oil dipping method of raisin making because of its export quality and market price. The marketing cost of one tonne of raisin was same for both the methods Rs.4061.1 for producers, and marketing cost for intermediaries varied from channel I (Rs.3,239) and Channel II (Rs.1,750). The study indicated that there is stability in the direction of trade of raisin from India. Majority of producers and intermediaries expressed that lack of marketing facilities and high fluctuation in prices was the major constraints.ThesisItem Open Access EXPORT TRADE PATTERN OF INDIAN SILK PRODUCTS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41265) MANOHARA, M R; GANAPATHY, M SIndia is the second largest producer of raw silk after China and the biggest consumer of raw silk and silk fabrics. The study area covers whole country. The analysis was carried out for the period from 1990-91 to 2008-09.The statistical techniques like Analysis of growth, Instability index and SWOT analysis were used in the study. As far as the total mulberry silk export is concerned, it has increased from 303.72 lakh square meters to 1271.69 lakh square meters during the study period in quantitative terms, and the export earnings increased from Rs. 41719.63 lakhs to Rs. 326352.4 lakhs. The growth was found significant in all the countries such as USA (8.76 per cent), Hong Kong (17.47 per cent), UK (11.05 per cent), UAE (18.25 per cent), Italy (17.02 per cent), Germany P. Republic (2.85 per cent), Spain (19.87 per cent), France (11.05 per cent) and others (18.87 per cent).There has been a significant increase in the growth rates of export of all silk varieties both in terms of quantity and value during the study period. The instability in export earning was mainly caused by the interaction between the change in mean quantity and mean price. This was due to increased quantum of exports as well as the high price realized by these silk products in the development period. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Indian silk exports was revealed that, the important strengths include Large production base, land and labour. The weaknesses include inadequate market accessibility, poor linkage among different stake holders and gaps in technology transfer. The opportunities include generation of rural employment. The threats analyzed were falling international prices and heavy dumping from China at low pricesThesisItem Open Access CONSUMER SATISFACTION AMONG TELESHOPPERS IN BANGALORE CITY – A STUDY(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41263) ARAVIND, N. KHARE; Nagaraja, G NTeleshopping is a form of non-store or in-home retailing or direct marketing method. A significant increase in the TV households, rising disposable income, nuclear families and changing lifestyle in the major metropolitan cities of India are giving wide opportunities for teleshopping. The current study has been under taken in Bangalore City to understand the consumer profile of teleshoppers and consumer satisfaction in teleshopping experience. An attempt has been made to identify and document the availability of range of products in teleshopping and various constraints noticed in teleshopping. Likert scaling method, descriptive statistics and chi-square techniques were employed in the study. It has been found that about 73.33 per cent of the teleshoppers fall under the age group of 26 to 40 years. About 50% of the customers were graduates; most of them were married and had 2 to 4 members in the family. About 63 per cent of the families had two earning members and 72 per cent of the families had the income ranging between Rs. 3 to 7 lakhs per annum, study also revealed that the overall satisfaction from teleshopping is dependent on major five factors such as; company response while placing the order, comparison between actual and specified quality, price of the product, trust worthiness of the company and word of mouth or publicity. The study implies that the money back guarantee facility, better pricing policy and marketing of reliable products through teleshopping needs to be considered to deliver better services to the customers.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF APMC, MYSORE(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41263) KISHORE, M S; Ramachandra Reddy, B MThe study was conducted in APMC yard at Bandipalya, Mysore with the objective of assessing its investment pattern vis-a-vis infrastructure facilities, viability factors and perception of stakeholders. The study revealed that two major investments were made in 1979 (Rs.120 lakhs) and 2011 (Rs. 17.19 crore). The total investment made on creation of infrastructure between 1979 and 2011 was found to be Rs 2009 lakhs. The total amount spent on the maintenance of this infrastructure (1999 to 2009) was Rs 1016 lakhs. The study also found that the funding was shared between two sources viz. the Government and Committee Fund in the ratio 1:11 and the total fund used was Rs. 3463 lakhs. Due to the total investment made the net income increased from Rs. 72.69 lakhs in 2007-08 to Rs. 672 lakhs in 2011-12, with a growth rate of 70.81%, showing the APMCs commendable return on capital expenditure. The viability factors (2008-2011) showed that the income and expenditure grew at 41% and 24% respectively and by policy the APMC had contributed significantly to different funds from its income. The farmers’ perception of facilities was fairly positive; the traders were lukewarm with their response while the officials were very positive with facilities and services provided. The study implies that due consideration must be given to ensure that the income generated at APMC, Mysore shall cater lions share to develop infrastructure at main market and its sub yards, towards imparting knowledge and training to farmers and holistic development of the farming community.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON MARKET DYNAMICS OF BYADGI CHILLI IN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41243) STEPHAN RAJ, SWAMIDAS; GRACY, C PChilli crop is majorly grown as a spice for culinary preparation and for extraction of oleoresins. Byadgi chilli is assigned GI tag in the year 2010.This study aims at identification of chilli acreage shifts, supply chain of chillies, business opportunities and extent of integration among the major dry chilli markets of Karnataka. Primary data from 56 farmers of Dharwad and Haveri sistricts using sampling technique. Further, data from 8 processors, 40 dealers and one oleoresin company were obtained for detailed analysis of chilli marketing channels. The Percentage share of chilli area in total cropped area ranged from 7.59 in Byadgi to 36 in Kundgol taluk. Secondary data for the period 2001/2 to 2009/10 showed that chilli area declined by 2.82% CAGR in Dharwad, while Haveri had positive growth of 1.57%. Cotton a substitute crop registered significant growth of 29.34% and 26.83% respectively in Dharwad, and Haveri. Shift in chilli area and production in Karnataka was 29% and 35%, respectively, between 2001/02 and 2009/10 period. Malaysia and Sri Lanka were found to be loyal markets for Indian chilli as indicated by the transition probability matrix. Byadgi chilli is one of the commodities with low seed replacement ratio which can be increased through company seed supply. The cold storage units and oleoresin industries were benefited by Byadgi chilli due to wide market demand. The average price spread in chilli marketing was found to be Rs.2023/q. The major production problems of farmers were: rain uncertainty, pest and disease outbreak, lack of labour and input availability. Wide price fluctuations, high cost of packaging and transportation were the major marketing problems of chilli farmers.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF A PRODUCER COMPANY IN MADHYA PRADESH(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41240) TANMAY, GARG; CHENGAPPA, P GProducer companies (PC) have been promoted in Madhya Pradesh under the District Poverty Initiative Project (DPIP) to alleviate poverty. A case study of the Rewa Crop Producer Company Private Ltd. (RCPCPL) revealed that, the growth in turnover, gross profit and net profit were positive for the period 2007-09. The analysis of business performance assessed through the liquidity ratios, current and quick ratios were observed to be satisfactory. However, due to high inventory and lack of working capital the profits were low. Consequently, the efficiency and profitability ratio of the company were found to be nonsatisfactory. The extension services provided by the PC were rated as good by the shareholders respondents. However, they faced lots of inadequacies in terms of quality and quantity of input supplied, supply of credit and market information. The provision of different services was indicated as the main reason for the shareholders to join the company which seem to have not been adequately met by the PC. Government is supporting the RCPCPL by providing working capital and brand building apart from providing administrative support for the first five years. The study concluded that the RCPCPL has not been able to make significant growth in terms of expansion of services to meet the diversified needs of the shareholders. Thus, it is necessary for RCPCPL to come up with a viable business plan for the improving its performance and modify its procurement policy to include grain produced by the share holders besides the seeds.ThesisItem Open Access VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF RAISIN- A STUDY IN BIJAPUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41236) NETHRAVATHI, ASHOK PATIL; VENKATA REDDY, T NThis study on “Value chain analysis of raisin- a study in Bijapur district of Karnataka” was conducted in Bijapur district during 2012. The objective of study was to map the stake holders in value chain of raisin, to analyse the value addition at different stages of value chain and to document the constraints and opportunities in the value chain of raisin. For the purpose of study 45 Farmers cum Processor, 5 Cold storage entrepreneur, 25 Wholesaler and 25 Retailers of raisin seller was collecting. The results of the study are based on both primary and secondary data. Multistage sampling technique, purposive sampling technique was used for stakeholders dealing with raisin was interviewed. To study value chain, the costs and returns and marketing costs, percentages, averages and ratios was computed. The major findings of the study are, The major players in value chain was farmers cum processor, cold storage entrepreneur, input supplier, wholesalers and retailer. The degree value addition and sales of raisin in Bijapur are 30% by farmers, 13 % by wholesalers and 57% retailers. Whereas for the degree value addition in Bijapur and sales of raisin in Bangalore are 20 % by farmer, 18% by wholesalers and 62 % by retailers. The major constraints faced in value chain of raisin is high investment and low cold storage facilities. The opportunity was to integrate and strength the value chain. Government should instate measures to encourage to popularize the scheme to establish cold storage.ThesisItem Open Access CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR E-MARKETING IN BANGALORE CITY(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 41234) NEELAMMA, R. KOLAGERI; NAGARAJA, G NThe study was conducted to know the consumer perception about e-marketing in Bangalore city. The major objectives of the study were to analyse the factors influencing consumer perception about e-marketing and analysis of constraints of e-marketing. Primary data was collected randomly from consumers through pre-tested structured schedule. Emarketing is broad term which has eight formats. Many of the companies adopted different formats of e-marketing. Most of the consumers preferred to shop through e-marketing service because of its easy transaction, cost effectiveness, discounts on products, multiple choices for a single product, door delivery, quick responding service and security on debit and credit card accounts. Eighty five per cent of the consumers have fair perception about e-marketing service. With regard to constraints in e-marketing service internet connection problem, power problem, customer query, delay in delivery, wrong product delivery were the major constraints documented. Flipkart.com, snapdeal.com and amazon.com are the major rated websites among e-marketing using consumers. Fifty seven per cent of consumers accepted cash on delivery mode of payment for the transaction. It is found that apart from eshopping other e-marketing services like e-ticket booking, e-banking, phone recharging and money transfer are also used by the consumers. Majority of the consumers opined that for internet fraud cases they approach consumer court. Practical utility is that for the present project study only four category of products are taken as all categories of products are transacted through the internet. Internet service even after having past decade history e-shopping service is still in its infancy stage. hence there is an ample opportunity to take the study with other category of products.