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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDY OF CUSTOMER PROFILE OF E-BANKING USERS IN SEMI URBAN AREAS(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) SATHYANARAYANA, H. G.; CHANDRASHEKAR, H.Information technology has revolutionized the banking industry, have created a paradigm shift in the banking industry from brick-and-mortar banks to ebanking/ virtual banking. The banks and financial institutions are emphasizing on encouraging bank customers to use e-banking facilities. This study attempts to document customers' awareness, preference for different delivery channels, the profile of the customer using e-banking, problems associated in usage of e-banking and reasons for not using e-banking. Data was collected from customers using e-banking and those not using e-banking from Devanahalli and Hoskote taluk centers of Bangalore rural district. The bank selected was Canara bank which was a lead bank in the district. The results of the study indicate that, e-banking users were young (25- 35 years), had education back ground of graduation and post graduation with most of them having white collar jobs, with an annual income of Rs. 0.5 to 3 lakh per annum. Non e-banking users were relatively old (35-45 years), had an education up to preuniversity and below pre-university level and relatively have higher income compared to e-banking users. The study found that the use of e-banking facilities was more among the respondents with lower income compared to respondents with higher income. Among the various e-banking services offered by the bank; ATM was most popular among e-bank users and very few respondents were aware of other e-banking channels. Computer literacy, profession, income and bank transactions were the major factors that influenced use of e-banking facilities. Common Services availed through ATM were only cash withdrawal and balance enquiry. And other services were carried out through branch. Problems associated in usage of ATM were lack of power, inadequate money in the ATM and long queues. Preference to personal contact, security and needlessness of e-banking were the main reasons for non use of ATM (ebanking). Majority of respondents prefer personal contact and there was a lack of awareness about e-banking in semi-urban areas and hence banks need to initiate awareness programmes for better utilization of e-banking facilities in semi-urban areasThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS IMPACT OF E-BANKING ON CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANGALORE CITY(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-10) SWETHA, B. V.; NAGARAJA, G. N.The study was taken up with the major objective of measuring the impact of E-banking on non E-banking service, analyzing benefits of E-banking for bankers and customers and to document the constraints faced by the customers and bank. Primary data was collected from customers of four different banks (SBI, Canara Bank, ICICI Bank and Syndicate Bank) and also bankers of the same bank. Information on number of customers using E-banking and non E-banking in year 2000 and year 2008 was used to measure the impact of E-banking on non Ebanking services, further information on ranking of benefits from both bankers and customers was used to analyze the benefits of E-banking for bankers and customers and documented the constraints faced by the customers and banks in Ebanking. There was significant impact of E-banking on non -E-banking services and are directly proportional to each other. E-banking is highly beneficial for customers because of its all time banking facility, ease of use, time saving and convenience. It is also beneficial to banks as it reduces the operating costs thus can maximize profit, banks have more competitive advantage due to increase in customer satisfaction. With regard to the constraints for customers fraud is the major one followed by more transaction fee, not enough money in ATMs, long queue in front of ATMs and security threat at the time of with drawl of money. For bank, the major constraints documented are money delivery mechanism, low customer base, default rate whereas start-up costs and theft of personal identity is no more big constraints. Practical utility is that banks can expand and popularize E-banking services to reduce the operational cost and increase efficiency of the banks and banking via mobile phones has to be established for better customer service.ThesisItem Open Access MARKETING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF FERTILIZER COMPANIES-A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN KOLAR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore, 2009-07-18) BALAJI, M.; Ganapathy, M. S.The study was taken up with the major objective of assessing the market share of different fertilizers, product range, pricing, product promotion, marketing channels, segmentation strategies of different Fertilizer companies and problems encountered by fertilizer distributors. The study is pertaining to Kolar district (Undivided) of Karnataka. Both primary and secondary data were collected. The market share of fertilizers was analysed by using seven years data. Fertilizer consumption in Kharif and Rabi season in 2001-02 was 51, 222 tonnes, the consumption increased to 57,625 tonnes in 2007-08. The projection of nitrogenous fertilizers shows that, it may be increase from 33,452 tonnes in 2009 to 34,362 tonnes by the year 2013. Similarly, the use of phosphatic fertilizers also shows an increasing trend. Their consumption is expected to increase from 16,469 tonnes in 2009 to 19,002 tonnes by the year 2013. It is likely that the use of potassic fertilizers will increase from 8,689 tonnes in 2009 to 9,581 tonnes by the year 2013. IFFCO is having the product range of Urea, Di-ammonium phosphate, potash, Mono-ammonium phosphate, 20:20:0, 10:26:26 and 12:32:16. Similarly MCF Ltd is having the product range of Urea, Di-ammonium phosphate, potash and 20:20:0:13. Pricing is done by central government. Farmers meetings are most influential source of advertisement followed by the spot demonstrations and Calendars. The companies following three types of marketing channels, in the first channel, the company sells the fertilizer to Cooperatives. Afterwards, Co-operatives sell the fertilizer to the dealers, who inturn sell the same to the farmers. In second channel, company sells the fertilizer to Co-operatives who will directly sell it to farmers and in third channel, company sells the fertilizer to dealers who will sell to the farmers. There is no segmentation strategy in fertilizer marketing. The problems faced by the fertilizer dealers, 93 per cent of the respondents felt that fertilizer shortage is the problem perceived by them.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE ANALUSIS OF KARNATAKA OILSEED GROWERS’ FEDERATION LTD. – A CASE STUDY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) SUPRABHA, S. M.; MANDANNA, P. K.The Co-operatives in the state have made an all-round progress and their role in, and contribution to agricultural progress has particularly been significant. This study was taken up to provide insight into the strengths and weakness of the Federation and focuses on the analysis of business performance of the Federation. Financial statements were collected from the audit reports of KOF for the financial year ending 2001 to 2008. The details regarding marketing, procurement strategies, pricing strategies and human resource management were collected by interviewing the respective Heads of the Departments. Random sampled employees were interviewed on HR aspects with a pre- set questionnaire at the Head Office. KOF is procuring oilseeds through its own Oilseed Growers’ Co-operative Societies (OGCS) and through regulated markets. Further KOF is also importing oil through State Trading Corporation (STC) Ltd. KOF is marketing its branded products through various agencies like private companies wholesalers, retailers, Government organizations, etc. It could be observed that the Federation registered an impressive performance with annual compound growth rate of 12.96 for sales of oil. Federation is having comfortable liquidity to meet short and longterm financial obligations. The gross profit margin has increased over the years, but net profit margin has remained almost constant and has not increased as fast as gross profit margin, implying that the operating expenses relative to sales have been increasing over many years. Increasing expenses should be identified and controlled. The reasons attributed for the success of the Federation are, the diversified supply chain spread and its marketing channelsThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF RICE MILLS IN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) GURURAJ, N.; CHANDRASHEKAR, H.Rice is the most premier staple and extensively cultivated food crop of the world. Rice is obtained by milling paddy. The practice of milling is as old as the cultivation of rice itself. The advent of modern rice mills brought a major change in the rice milling industry. Considering the importance of rice mills, the present study was under taken. Growth rates in area, production and productivity of rice was studied using the secondary data collected from indiastat.com from 1955-56 to 2006-07. Economics and problems related to processing were studied using the primary data collected from the 32 sample processors in the Tungabhadra command area of Karnataka. The growth in area under rice in Karnataka (0.62%) was on par with the growth in area (0.60%) at all India during the periods 1955-56 to 2006-07. In rice production India (2.53%) recorded slightly higher growth as compared to the Karnataka state (2.12%). The processing cost including raw material cost was found to be higher in large size rice mills (Rs.1119.96), compared to medium (Rs.1104.68) and small (Rs.1091.96) size rice mills. Of the total processing cost, variable cost formed the major component (94.29%) in all the categories of rice mills. The net returns per quintal of output obtained were higher in large size rice mills (Rs.387.44), compared to other categories of rice mills. In general irrespective of the size, rice mills attained break even at 10826.31 quintals. Further, business ratio analysis showed that large size rice mills earned higher profit than small and medium size rice mills. As per the opinion of the processors present levy system, Irregular power supply, high price of raw materials and scarcity of raw materials were the major problems faced by the processors in the study area.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS AND CONSUMER PROFILE OF ORGANISED RETAILING – A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) GOVINDARAJU PAWAR, B.; Chandrashekar, H.The study was undertaken in central and peripheral region of Bangalore city to analyse the difference in services, product range extended and profile of consumers visiting organised retail outlets. It was found that there was no difference in the services extended in both the regions, however difference in the number of product range was observed only in a few FMCG products like facial creams and deodorants. The preference and profile of consumers visiting organised retail outlet at central and peripheral region indicate that majority of the consumers from central region purchased food items and FMCG products from organized retail outlet compared to the consumers from peripheral region. Considering the monthly household of consumers, it was found that consumers shopping at organized retail in the central region were relatively having higher income compared to consumers in the peripheral region. For every Rs. 1000 increase in the income of consumers purchasing in organised retail outlet, the expenditure towards food items in retail formats increased by Rs. 148. On the other hand, for a given level of income, the monthly expenditure on FMCG products incurred by consumers in central region was Rs. 215 more than consumers spending in organized retail at peripheral region. Consumers of the central region were relatively young, compared to consumers in peripheral region and were more brand conscious and tend to purchase high end expensive brands, especially in case of FMCG products. Overall, in study inferred that consumers in central region were more fascinated towards the organized retail outlets compared to consumers in peripheral region. There is adequate potential to attract more number of consumers to organized retail outlet in peripheral region by offering better product range and store specific discounts.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF CONSUMER COURT VERDICTS ON BRAND AND BUSINESS OF AGRI-INPUTS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) NAGENDRA KUMAR, H. V; VENKATA REDDY, T. N.The study work entitled “Impact of Consumer Court Verdicts on Brand and Business of Agri-inputs” was conducted during 2009 with both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 60 farmers and secondary data from district consumer courts of Kolar, Tumkur and davanagere. Tabular and measures of central tendency were used for the study. Twenty seven complaints are registered in consumer courts of study area deficiency in service complained are related to settling crop and cattle insurance, germination of seeds, lesser yields than assured, genetic impurity of seeds, and defects in agri implements, false assurance. 34 (57 %) farmers had experienced deficiency in various inputs purchased, among them 28 (82 %) farmers had complained to retailers and company officials, retailers have solved 10 (35 %) complaints, but remaining 18 (65 %) farmers had filed cases in consumer courts. 20 (33 %) farmers are aware of consumer courts, among them 18 (90 %) farmers have filed cases in consumer courts. Out of 18 farmers, 14 (78 %) farmers have filed cases against agricultural insurance company, 2 (11 %) against seed retailer and 2 (11 %) against Agriculture implements Company. 20(33 %) farmers had heard/seen of poor quality/deficiency in puts, among them 6 (30 %) farmers had been influenced in buying of inputs. Insurance Companies have not adopted any specific strategies to counter adverse publicity. Seed companies arranged field days to combat the adverse situation. Entertained media personnel’s for the favor of positive coverage of their brand. The study suggests for taking up awareness campaigns about consumer rights to the farmers by the concerned Governmental Departments and display of consumer rights provisions in the retail sale premises of Agri-inputs.ThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE LABELS IN MODERN RETAIL CHAINS- A STUDY OF FOOD PRODUCTS IN BANGALORE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) LAXMANA RAGHAVAN, G. J.; VENKATA REDDY, T. N.Private labels are products developed by a retailer and available for sale only in their own stores; some retailers may attempt to utilize this measure of exclusivity to differentiate them from the competitor. So a project titled “Performance of Private Labels in Modern Retail Chains-A Study of Food Products in Bangalore” was conducted during 2008-09. Primary data was collected from the consumers and the store managers. Measures of central tendencies and relevancy co-efficient were used as analytical tools. Major findings of the study were: Product ranges in private labels were found in various categories like staples, pulses, spices, processed products, beverages and other products. Various strategies were followed in pricing of private labels and it was noted that pricing was in comparison to national brands most of the times, except in certain products where there were no national brands in competition. Consumer perception towards private labels were positive as they believed that private labels were cheap and of better quality and trustworthy. The first time purchase was mainly due to just for a change and display in the stores were the major source of awareness. Promotional strategies were from various activities like attractive display, lower and premium pricing, visual and audio aids, attractive offers, shelf arrangements and free home delivery. Practical utility of the study was that national brands have to gear up to the private label competition, efforts to be made to achieve a shift in consumer perception on private labels as cheap alternatives to national brands to products with high quality with proper marketing mix and private labels should enter in product ranges with strong presence of national brands to gain bargaining power from them.ThesisItem Open Access AN ANALYSIS OF SUGAR FUTURES TRADING IN INDIA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2009-07-15) MANAS MIRAJI, C.; Chandrashekar, H.The study was taken up with the major objective of assessing the behaviour pattern, relationship between sugar spot and futures prices and to analyze the growth of sugarcane area, production and productivity, in India. The secondary data on area, production, and productivity of sugarcane for the period 1985-2008 was taken from indiastat.com for India and the same was used to analyze the factors contributing for their growth. Sugarcane registered annual compound growth rate of 1.81, 2.13 and 0.31 per cent in area, production and productivity respectively during period 1985-2008.The considerable fluctuation in sugar stocks and rising demand for sugar resulted in simultaneous increase in sugarcane production and productivity. Delicensing of sugar factories in 1998 saw mushrooming growth in sugar factories which also boosted the area coverage under sugarcane. The spot and futures price from the NCDEX official website from 2008 onwards was used to study integration and relationship between spot and futures market. The Grangers Causality model revealed that there was mutual feedback between the prices of spot market Kolhapur and futures market. Forecasting of futures price was done using ARIMA model and forecasted value of Sugar futures prices show a rising trend which can be attributed to increase in demand of Sugar. Further it was observed that sugar price fluctuation has increased since introduction of futures trading from 2007. Despite the sugar futures’ trade ban in May 2009, the forecasted value of Sugar futures prices show a rising trend which is due to the rising demand for sugar.