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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar

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Subject: Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education ×
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    An assessment of livelihood security and impact on well-being of rural women practicing dairy farming in state of Haryana
    (LUVAS Hisar, 2024-04) Rachna; Gautam
    This study examined the livelihood security and well-being of 180 rural women engaged in dairy farming in Haryana, India, where the dairy sector has grown substantially. The study finds that milk and milk products contribute significantly to food security, while other dimensions of livelihood security, such as shelter, education, and social security, vary among respondents. The majority of respondents were in the medium category of livelihood security. The study also assessed well-being across ten capabilities, such as life, bodily health, affiliation, emotions, and practical reasons. It was seen that keeping animals was perceived as having positive effects on some capabilities, such as life expectancy and bodily health, but negative or neutral effects on others, such as affiliation and emotions. The study also explored how keeping animals affects the respondents‘ ability to engage in other species, play, and control their environment. Most respondents did not think that keeping animals has a negative impact on these capabilities. The study ranked the constraints faced by the respondents, such as high cost of animal feeds and poor availability of fodder, as the most serious, while issues such as difficulty in storing milk in the summer season and lack of loan facilities were least serious. The study analyzed the factors that influenced the respondents‘ livelihood security and constraint perception, such as education, caste, landholding, herd size, annual income, and economic motivation. It is argued that there is a need for empower women in the dairy sector by challenging the stereotypes and norms that limit their opportunities. Also, it is suggested that it is essential to promote genderresponsive dairy technologies and practices that can improve the productivity, resilience, and incomes of women farmers, by intervening in different services such as animal health services, milk markets, sale and purchase, credit institutions, and so on.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Impact Assessment of Livestock Development Schemes in Haryana
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2024-04) Pawan Kumar; Gautam
    The present study was conducted to assess the impact of livestock development schemes in Haryana. The respondents included beneficiaries of various state government scheme, non-beneficiary dairy farmers and veterinarians. The respondents were selected from two different agro climatic zones in methodical way with appropriate randomization. There were hardly any difference between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries except in terms of extension contacts, mass media exposure and economic motivation. There were significant differences between beneficiary and non-beneficiary respondents in terms of adoption and knowledge scores about improved technologies. Also, similar differences were observed in terms of productivity of animals reared, incomes, perceived social status, etc. It was opined that cause and effect aside, there seems to be a strong correlation between extension contact, economic motivation, mass media exposure and output in terms of higher productivity and incomes. Adoption of schemes like IMDP and CDIC seemingly made a significant impact on productivity in terms of milk yield, conception rate, calving interval and dry period. However, it was conjectured that this could partly be attributed to selection of high potential animals which is required in the scheme. Similarly, scheme for establishment of Hi-tech & Mini-dairy unit was also having positive impact on milk yield, income from milk, employment, perceived improvement in social status, adoption of clean milk production practices , etc. A majority of beneficiaries of Insurance scheme were satisfied with scheme in general but were partially satisfied insofar as delay in claim settlement and claim amount was concerned. The scheme for providing employment opportunity to Scheduled Caste was seemingly highly successful given the finding that beneficiaries were having more than doubled the supplementary income as compared to non-beneficiaries scheduled caste respondents. Nearly three fourth of beneficiaries of Pashu Kisan Credit Card scheme agreed that animal feeding improved after availing this scheme. It is argued that the coverage of schemes should be expanded to include greater number of livestock farmers as the number of beneficiaries was on the lower side in general. Simplification in the procedures for schemes is also advocated. There seems to be a need to streamline job responsibilities of field veterinarians.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Zoonoses Risk – Perception of Dairy Farmers of Haryana
    (LUVAS, 2019) Ahuja, Rakesh; Gautam
    The present study was conducted on 180 dairy farmers selected from eight villages of two districts viz. Hisar and Jind of Haryana to assess their knowledge about prevention of zoonotic diseases. The attitude of veterinary professionals towards Animal Hygiene was also measured. The data were collected by holding personal interview with the dairy farmers and veterinary professionals during 2017-18. Knowledge of the respondents was assessed based on experts opinion prepared in the form of recommendation and contradicted practices. For assessing the communication behavior of the farmers‟ a scale was used. This was assessed in terms of from where the information was sought, how much information was sought and how frequently information was sought. For documenting the undesirable practices of respondent‟s observation method was used. A scale was constructed for measuring the attitude of veterinarians. Summated ratings method was followed for construction of scale. The scale contained 22 items in all. The reliability of scale was 0.86.The knowledge of the respondents varied considerably. The minimum score obtained was the 28 with the highest being 68. It was argued that the farmers‟ knowledge seeking behavior plays an important role. There were significant differences between commercial and household farmers. More of commercial farmers scored high when compared to household dairy farmers. The sources utilized by the respondents most of times were other and progressive farmers followed by Veterinary hospital, Neighbours / Friends, Training, etc. Respondents were seeking most of the information on Selection criteria for disease free animal followed by Storage of feed, Supplemental feed preparation and Health care. More than half the numbers of observed dairy sheds were located in areas with a foul smell. A significantly large majority of farmers were allowing animals in the shed after/before milking. A majority of veterinary professionals were having moderate to strongly favourable attitude towards animal hygiene. Need to focus on continuing veterinary education is emphasized.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on animal scientists and students’ perception of bioethical issues
    (LUVAS, 2017) Choudhary, Rahul; Gautam
    Also, the concept of bioethics is evolving with all its inherent complexities. Animal scientists have been given the task of defining objective and quantifiable parameters of animal’s status under given conditions and providing solutions to emerging bioethical issues identified by society. The present study was conducted to assess the perception of veterinary students and scientists about animal bioethics. The study was conducted at Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and animal sciences, Hisar. The number of respondents was 170.Attitude towards animal rights and perception about xenotransplantation, stem cell research, factory farming and animal cloning was assessed. The antecedent variables likely to affect students’ and scientists’ perception about bioethical issues were selected - age, gender, educational qualification, history of pets, belief in animal mind, religiousness, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness. The attitude of the respondents was neutral to favourable towards animal right. Similarly, a majority of respondents favourably perceived technologies like xenotransplantation, stem cell research, factory farming and animal cloning though all of these involve ethical complexities. Gender and education, significantly affected the perception and attitude of respondents. It appears that veterinary education facilitates the adoption of a utilitarian view of animals. Further research to understand the factors underlying the perception about such issues is advocated. Also, the need for teaching of veterinary ethics is emphasized.Also, the concept of bioethics is evolving with all its inherent complexities. Animal scientists have been given the task of defining objective and quantifiable parameters of animal’s status under given conditions and providing solutions to emerging bioethical issues identified by society. The present study was conducted to assess the perception of veterinary students and scientists about animal bioethics. The study was conducted at Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and animal sciences, Hisar. The number of respondents was 170.Attitude towards animal rights and perception about xenotransplantation, stem cell research, factory farming and animal cloning was assessed. The antecedent variables likely to affect students’ and scientists’ perception about bioethical issues were selected - age, gender, educational qualification, history of pets, belief in animal mind, religiousness, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness. The attitude of the respondents was neutral to favourable towards animal right. Similarly, a majority of respondents favourably perceived technologies like xenotransplantation, stem cell research, factory farming and animal cloning though all of these involve ethical complexities. Gender and education, significantly affected the perception and attitude of respondents. It appears that veterinary education facilitates the adoption of a utilitarian view of animals. Further research to understand the factors underlying the perception about such issues is advocated. Also, the need for teaching of veterinary ethics is emphasized.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Knowledge and adoption of farmers about recommended goat rearing practices
    (LUVAS, 2017) Luthra, Prince; S. P. Singh
    Goat farming is an important occupation for landless, small and marginal farmers of west-southern part of Haryana. A study was conducted in three districts of Haryana namely, Mahendragarh, Bhiwani and Sirsa which were selected on the basis of highest concentration of goat population in the state to investigate knowledge level, extent of adoption, constraints affecting adoption of recommended goat rearing practices and to establish relationship between dependent and independent variables. 120 goat farmers were selected from 12 villages of these three districts using multiple-stage random sampling. The data were collected from goat farmers by using structured, pretesting interview schedule by holding interview with the farmers at their house/ farms during 2015- 16. The study revealed that a majority of farmers were having middle age group(31-50 yrs), mostly illiterate, majority hailed from SC/ST caste, nuclear family, having > 0.50 Lakh annual income, landless(79%), having < 10 yrs goat farming experience, mostly not attended any training, had medium level of mass media exposure, economic motivation, scienticism and medium level of change proneness. The study further revealed that a majority of farmers had medium level of knowledge about all aspects of goat farming. They had maximum knowledge about gestation period of goat, types of floor, colostrums feeding to newly born kid, provision of sanitary condition , deworming and age of selling of kid whereas the goat farmers were ignorant about mating methods, direction of shed, mineral mixture and vitamin supplements, age of castration and keeping of horned bucks at farms. Majority of the respondents had medium level of adoption in breeding, feeding, management, health care and marketing practices. Maximum adoption was noticed about selection and purchase of quality animals, identification of animal in heat, feeding of green and dry fodder, grazing of animals, practice of semi intensive system of grazing, deworming of animals, provision of protection of animals against heat, cold, rain etc. feeding of animals, culling, flushing and marketing of buck. However, very few of them (almost none of the goat farmers) adopted recommended practices namely mating time, upgrading of animals, mineral mixture licks blocks to animals, feeding of colostrums of other does, feeding of milks to kids about 10 % of its body weight, feeding of green and dry fodder to buck, vaccinations against E.T and PPR, resting period to parturated animals and trimming practices. Majority of the farmers perceived most serious to serious level of constraints about feeding (80%) followed by marketing (76.6%), breeding (70%) health care (60.8%) and housing (47.5%). Item wise constraints analysis revealed that non availability of improved breeding buck, indiscriminate breeding, lack of own capital, costly veterinary treatment, vaccination programme is not sponsored, non availability of green fodder, high cost of feed and fodder, low market price of goat and lack of marketing infrastructure were the most serious nature of constraints as perceived by the farmers which affect adversely the adoption of RGRP. Correlation analysis indicated that educational qualification, annual income, economic motivation, veterinary facilities and change proneness had positive and significant correlation with knowledge and adoption of recommended practices of goat. Age of the farmers was positively and significantly correlated with various natures of constraints whereas educational qualification, caste, family size, land holding, social participation, mass media exposure and veterinary facility had negative and significant relationship with overall constraints perceived by goat farmers in adoption of RGRP. The overall regression analysis indicate that annual income, training attended, social participation, economic motivation and veterinary facilities played an important role to influence the knowledge level of goat farmers. However, family type, flock size, credit facilities, scienticism and change proneness were emerge as an important variables affecting positively the adoption of RGRP. In case of constraints analysis, age was found to have positive and significant but family type and economic motivation had negative and significant b- value.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Problems and prospects of buffalo husbandry in Haryana
    (LUVAS, 2017) Sarita; S.P. Singh
    The study was conducted on 250 dairy farmers randomly selected from the Murrah tract of Haryana state to explore their knowledge, adoption, perceived training needs and perceived constraints about recommended buffalo husbandry practices. The data were collected personally by the researcher using the well structured and pretested interview schedule. Results revealed that dairy farmers have medium level of knowledge, adoption, training needs and constraints. In the area of breeding practices knowledge about right time of insemination (33%), retention of placenta (34%) and age determination (23%) of their animals was poor. In the area of feeding practices knowledge about balanced feeding (16%), the procedure of making hay or silage (0%) and feeding of mineral mixture to animals (16%) was also poor. In the area of management practices knowledge about right method of milking (47%), teat dipping at complete drying off of the animal (2%) and record keeping (15%) was poor. In the area of health care practices knowledge about disinfection of animal house (3%), zoonosis through animals and milk (29%) and timely and regular deworming of buffaloes (32%) was poor. In the area of breeding practices minimum adoption of artificial insemination (12%), pregnancy diagnosis (28%), character of breeding bull before breeding (32%) and right time of breeding (30%) was found poor. Minimum adoption of mineral mixture feeding (10%), reduction of quantity of concentrate feed during availability of green fodder (32%) and colostrum feeding (28%) was also found poor in feeding practices. The farmers had minimum adoption about dry hand milking (2%), record keeping (12%), disinfection of naval cord (26%) and full hand method (13%) was observed poor in case of management practices. With regard to health care practices, almost none of the respondents disinfected animal shed (1%). However, 23 per cent of dairy farmers followed complete isolation of contagious disease infected animals. In the area of breeding practices “right time of insemination” (60%) was perceived to be the most serious training need followed by “precautions after insemination” (59%). In feeding practices, most needed areas were “preparation of low cost concentrate mixture” (67%) followed by “knowledge about feeding of animal in different stages” (61%). In case of management practices most needed training sub areas were “marketing and insurance” (70%) followed by training about “mastitis control measures” (61%). In the area of health care, most needed training sub areas by dairy farmers were “deworming and vaccination of animals” (65%) and “knowledge about common diseases and their prevention” (64%). In the area of breeding “belief that conception rate of A.I. in buffaloes is poor” (79%), “lack of knowledge about right time of insemination” (78%) and “belief that PD is harmful for pregnant animals” (75%) were the most serious constraints perceived by dairy farmers. In the area of feeding “high cost of feed” (82%) was the most serious constraint followed by “lack of availability of green fodder round the year” (78%) and “lack of knowledge about preparation of low cost balanced concentrate mixture at home” (76%). In the area of management “lack of knowledge and resources for cheap and scientific housing” (72%) and “cost of buffalo is very high” (69%) were found the most serious constraints. In health care practices, “high cost of treatment” (79%) was considered as the most serious constraint followed by “lack of knowledge about common diseases and their preventive measures” (72%). Independent variables such as educational qualification, economic motivation, social participation and training on dairy farming have profound influence on knowledge, adoption and training need of scientific dairy farming practices. Caste, educational qualification and economic motivation were negatively and significantly correlated with the overall constraints. All the selected independent variables had jointly explained about 37 to 45 per cent of variation towards knowledge, adoption, training needs and constraints. So, there is lot of scope for increasing the existing level of knowledge of dairy farmers about improved animal husbandry practices. More training programmes, demonstrations, field days, exhibitions, camps, radio/TV talks should be organized to increase the know how of the farmers. The constraints perceived by the dairy farmers should be taken into account while formulating and implementing the developmental programmes for improved dairy husbandry practices. Until and unless the constraints faced by the dairy farmers are solved, no further extent or upliftment of dairy development activities will be effective. So the relevant authorities need take up necessary steps to solve those constraints. It was evident from the findings that training organisations should make training programmes more effective and should be based on the felt needs. The training programme which is not need based have little impact on bringing desired change in the clientele system.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Knowledge and adoption of scientific poultry production technology by broiler farmers
    (LUVAS, 2010) Swu, Ithika C.; S.P. Singh
    The present study was conducted on 125 broiler farmers (21 small, 78 medium and 26 large farmers randomly selected from the five districts viz. Hisar, Jind, Fatehabad, Sirsa and Bhiwani of Hisar Division of Haryana to assess the knowledge level, extent of adoption, constraints affecting the adoption and also to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The data were collected through pre-structured interview schedule developed for this purpose and by holding personal interview with the broiler farmers during 2009-10. The study revealed that majority of the respondents were belonged to middle aged, having more than secondary level of education, practice poultry farming along with agriculture, possessed small to large land holding, had low farming experience, medium flock size, low level of training, medium level of annual and broiler income, medium mass media exposure, low to medium sources of information, medium to high risk orientation and medium economic motivation. Most of the respondents possessed medium to high level of knowledge about scientific poultry production. Higher knowledge was seen about the practices namely location of shed, use of deep litter system, condition of deep litter, type of feed to be provided, feeding of supplements, use of antibiotics during early life of chicks, favorability to vaccination of birds, disinfection of broiler shed and utilization of used litter (100% each) whereas low knowledge was recorded about length of broiler shed, indication of poor ventilation, use of potassium permanganate, amount of energy in starter and finisher, testing of water, important signs of gout and advantages of vaccination (<47.2%). The broiler farmers were found to have belonged to high level of adoption followed by low and medium. Higher adoption was recorded in case of proper ventilation in the shed, provide adequate feed and water, heating and cooling facilities, use of feeder and waterer, balanced/ready made feed, feed according to age, protection of birds against cold and hot, vaccination against IBD and keeping the litter dry (>98.4%). While low adoption was found about providing roofs according to seasons, daily rack the litter in deep litter system, provide crumbs/pellet feed and vaccination against Newcastle disease (<76%). The study further revealed that most of the respondents perceived high cost of day old chicks and feeds, inadequate knowledge about government services, facilities and high cost of treatment and non-remunerative price of broiler as ‘very serious’ constraints. Age of the respondents negatively and significantly whereas education, farming experience, flock size, training, total income, broiler income, mass media exposure, sources of information, risk orientation and economic motivation were found to have positive and significant correlation in respect of knowledge and adoption while lesser independent variables namely, age of the respondents positively and significantly whereas education, occupation, farming experience, flock size, broiler income, mass media exposure, risk orientation and economic motivation exhibited their negative and significant role in case of perceived constraints. The regression analysis revealed that all the independent variables had contributed 73.9, 75.4 and 65 per cent variation towards the overall knowledge, adoption and perceived constraints. In all the major aspects of broiler production, farming experience, flock size, total income, mass media exposure, sources of information, risk orientation and economic motivation had positive and direst effect on knowledge, adoption and constraints perceived. Maximum substantial indirect effect was seen from total income followed by farming experience and risk orientation in case of knowledge while flock size, farming experience and risk orientation with respect to adoption and total income, broiler income and mass media exposure in case of constraints perceived.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Transfer and adoption of buffalo management practices in haryana: A constraints analysis
    (LUVAS, 2006) Manhas, Pritam; Sangwan, S.S.
    The study was conducted on randomly selected 120 buffalo owners, 40 veterinary surgeons and 60 veterinary livestock development assistants (VLDAs) from Kaithal, Sonepat, Faridabad and Jind districts which were selected on the basis of maximum concentration of buffaloes. The objectives of study were to identify different types of constraints perceived in transfer and adoption of buffalo management practices and to establish relationship among variables. Buffalo owners : constraints and their relationship The constraints were divided into five areas viz. Breeding, feeding, management, health care and miscellaneous. Poor conception rate of A.I. and problem of repeat breeding in A.I. cases were identified as major breeding constraints; lack of knowledge about balanced feeding and non availability of cheaper HYV fodder seeds were the most serious feeding constraints; lack of knowledge about weaning, dehorning and castration along with lack of knowledge about cheap and scientific housing were identified as the most serious management constraints; lack of knowledge about diseases, vaccination schedule and deworming were most serious health care constraints; and lack of information about Govt. programmes on animal husbandry and lack of diagnostic facilities were perceived serious miscellaneous constraints. It was found that age, socio economic status, membership of milk co-operative society, trainings attended, extension contact and mass media exposure had negative and significant relationship with the constraints perceived in adoption of buffalo management practices. Veterinary surgeons : constraints and their relationship Use of non descriptive bulls for breeding, lack of diagnostic facilities, delayed reporting of reproductive disorder by the farmers were the most seriously perceived technical constraints; compound feeds are costly to afford, difficulty in purchasing potential animals and non remunerative dairy occupation at small scale were the major financial constraints; lack of rapid diagnostic facilities, inadequate equipment at veterinary hospitals and poor transportation facilities were identified as the major infrastructural constraints; excess of A.I. target, lack of training facilities for farmers and difficulty in conducting demonstration on breeding were the major extension constraints; majority of farmers are illiterate, preference of natural service over A.I. and fear of milk reduction due to vaccination were identified as major social/psychological constraints; lack of subsidy for promoting the use of compound feed and poor interaction between scientists and field staff were identified to be the most serious administrative constraints. It was found that experience, mass meda exposure and attitude towards extension work regarding animal husbandry were negatively and significantly correlated with the overall constraints perceived by veterinary surgeons in transfer of buffalo management practices. VLDAs : constraints and their relationship Lack of diagnostic facilities/equipment, less conception rate of A.I. and delayed reporting of reproductive, disorders were the most serious technical constraints; lack of motivation incentives for working in the field, poor interaction between scientist and field staff and lack of transportation facilities were the major extension constraints; excess of A.I. targets, inadequate supply of medicines and lack of awareness programmes on animal husbandry were seriously perceived administrative constraints; majority of farmer being illiterate and fear of milk reduction due to vaccination were identified as major social/psychological constraints. It was observed that job satisfaction was positively and significantly correlated with the constraints whereas mass media exposure had negative and significant correlation with the overall constraints perceived by VLDAs in transfer of buffalo management practices.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effectiveness of different communication media for transfer of animal husbandry technology
    (LUVAS, 2006) Sandhya kumari; Sangwan, S.S.
    The present study was conducted in Hisar district selected randomly from the districts having highest concentration of buffaloes. A multistage random sampling technique and before and after experimental research design was adopted in this study. Two blocks were randomly selected from Hisar district i.e. Barwala and Hisar block II and two villages from each block, i.e. Jewara and Sarsod from Barwala and Shahpur and Rawalwas from Hisar block II were selected randomly. Thirty farm women were selected randomly. Four communication media i.e. lecture with discussion, audio with discussion, printed material with discussion, and visuals with discussion were randomly assigned to these four village groups of farm women. The data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule on important ten independent variables namely, age, education, caste, herd size, family type, land holding, risk orientation, extension contact, mass media exposure, social participation and training attended and two dependent variables, knowledge of the respondents and effectiveness of different communication media. The data were collected in two phases from the same farmers to ascertain gain in knowledge. The study revealed that majority of the farm women had moderate level of knowledge in buffalo husbandry practices. In different areas, farm women had highest knowledge in feeding and management practices followed by health care and breeding practices. Farm women gained maximum knowledge about improved buffalo husbandry practices when they were exposed to visuals with discussion. Therefore, visuals with discussion were found to be most effective followed by printed material with discussion, audio with discussion, and lecture with discussion. It was found that education, risk orientation, social participation, extension contact, mass media exposure and training attended were found to be positively and significantly associated with knowledge of farm women about buffalo husbandry practices. Only age of the respondents was found to be negatively and significantly associated with knowledge. The multiple regression analysis showed that respondents education, social participation, extension contact and mass media exposure were found to have significant‘t’ values for ‘b’ at both the stages. The multiple determinant values R2 indicated that all the independent variables fitted in regression equation had jointly contributed 82 to 89 per cent variation to the existing knowledge of farm women in all the four villages.