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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar

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2022 - 20245
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Subject: Veterinary Physiology × End date: 2024 × Start date: 2020 ×
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of supplementation of zinc and nano zinc on Post thaw variables and oxidative status of bovine semen
    (2023-06) Sudarshan Kumar; Sindhu, Sonia
    The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of supplementation of zinc and nano zinc on post thaw variables and oxidative status of bovine semen The concentration of ZnCl2 and nano ZnO was optimized for use in semen extender. 22 semen ejaculates from three indigenous cattle bulls were supplemented with the optimized concentration of ZnCl2 (40mg/ml) and ZnONP (10 and 20 µg/ml) and were cryopreserved as per the standard freezing protocol. Semen was evaluated for morphological, motility and antioxidant parameters. Microbial load was also evaluated. It was observed that the nanoparticles supplementation significantly increased pre and post freezing motility parameters of semen in groups 1 and 2 in comparison to control group and group 3. Post thaw seminal parameters viz., intact acrosome, plasma membrane integrity and percent live sperms were found to be significantly better in semen samples supplemented with nanoparticles with 20 µg/ml as compared group 1, 3 and control. Lipid peroxidation levels reduced, significantly in all supplemented groups as compared to control and ROS levels significantly reduced in samples supplemented with 20 µg/ml NPs. Level of glutathione peroxidase and reductase was significantly reduced in group 2 supplemented with 20 µg/ml NPs as compared to control. Microbial load of frozen thawed semen sample was evaluated to check the growth of common contaminants of semen samples by spread plate method. The NP supplemented semen samples had very less bacterial colonies as compared to control and group 3. Thus it can be concluded that nano ZnO as a supplement in the bull semen extender can be used to enhance the quality of semen as well as to replace the use of antibiotics in semen extender.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of plant based feed additives on rumen fermentation and blood biochemical profile in buffalo calves
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2023-05) Sarthak; Madan, Jyotsana
    The study was carried out using 10% aqueous and ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis fruit powder ,Acacia nilotica leaves, Psidium guajava leaves to assess in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. The in vitro trial was conducted by taking different concentrations @ 0.2 ml, 0.5ml, 1ml and 2 ml of plant extracts with substrate media containing rumen fluid. After 6 and 24 hours of incubation pH, total gas production, ammonia- nitrogen, TVFA and total nitrogen was measured. The results revealed that the total gas production decreased in plant extract supplemented samples with respect to control. Total nitrogen production increased in aqueous E. officinalis and A. nilotica plant extract supplemented groups and increase in TVFA was observed in all plant extract supplemented samples. Ammonia- nitrogen production does not vary significantly, indicating no change in NPN degradation due to supplementation of different plant extracts at different concentration except A. nilotica (EE). In vivo rumen fermentation experiment included 3 months feeding trial, where 2 fistulated male buffalo calves were selected. In growth and biochemical studies, 12 male buffalo calves were divided into two groups of six animals in each group. The animals in treatment group were fed as per the control along with 30g of E. officinalis powder selected on the basis of in-vitro results. Growth parameters and haemato-biochemical parameters were analyzed in plasma samples at 0, 45 and 90 days. E. officinalis feeding indicated a promising effect on ruminal fermentation by enhancing VFA production whereas no significant effect was observed on growth parameters. Feeding of E. officinalis powder affects the nutrient metabolism, haematological parameters indicated by a significant increase in TEC and Hb concentration. Regarding biochemical parameters total protein and albumin concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in treatment group at 45day and 90 day. Cholesterol and LDL concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both treatment and control group but they were in normal range. Considering all together, feeding of E. officinalis powder is likely to affect the rumen fermentation and haemato biochemical parameters in buffalo calves without any adverse effect on nutrient metabolism, growth and performance of buffalo calves.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    m6A modification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA: Exploring the epitranscriptomic regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2024-04) Lokender Singh; Shalini Sharma
    A major risk factor of the severity/death of COVID-19 patients is associated with an increased level of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and chemokines also referred to as hypercytokinemia or cytokine storm, molecular mechanism of which is not well understood. Epitranscriptomic modifications are post-transcriptional modifications that occur on RNA molecules, which can have profound impacts on their structure, stability, and function and have emerged as the key players in regulating virus replication. In this study, it was demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection to A549 cells results in methylation (m6A modification) of viral RNA and that, m6A modification in SARS CoV-2 genome is a dynamic event (switch on off phenomenon). SARS-CoV-2 infection to A549 cells also induces production of proinflamamtory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α). The m6A modification in SARS-CoV-2 genome and production of production of proinflamamtory cytokines genes appears to correlate with each other, indicating the role of m6A modification in induction of cytokines in the target cells. Further, the transfection of methylated- but not unmethylated RNA into A549 cells resulted in induction of IL-6, which suggests that IL-6 induction is m6A-depeendent. The levels of IL-1β and TNF α were comparable in cells that received either methylated but not unmethylated RNA, which suggested that induction of IL-1β and TNF-α is m6A-indepenedent. DZNep (a small molecule chemical inhibitor of methylation) suppressed SARS-CoV-2 yield by inhibiting synthesis of viral RNA. It also suppressed the levels of m6A-modidfes SARS-CoV-2 RNA, concomitant with decreasing the levels of IL-6. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights on epitranscriptomic control of proinflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm) production in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. The cytokine storm may be therapeutically managed by inhibiting cellular enzymes responsible for methylation (m6A) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the target cells.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Quantification of Urinary and Blood pregnanediol glucuronide and p-Cresol in buffaloes
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2024-04) Choudhary, Renu; Ganguly, . Anita
    PdG is one of the major immunoreactive compounds excreted in reproductively active female mammals across species including buffaloes. p-Cresol, also known as 4-methyl phenol, is a phenolic molecule that is created in the intestines of animals, particularly cattle, as a result of the microbial degradation of aromatic amino acids. An endocrinological study was performed to quantify pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide (PdG) and p-cresol in serum and urine simultaneously. The samples from forty adult breeding buffaloes(cyclic), 10 pre-pubertal(age<1.5yr), and 10 pubertal (age 1.5yr- 2 yr.) healthy Murrah buffaloes selected from the herds maintained at ICAR CIRB, Hisar, were collected on days 0 (day of oestrus), 10, 20, 30, 45, and 65. Immunoassay was performed on pooled serum and urine samples of representative days. The HPLC was used as a validation method for PDG quantification. A quantitative comparison of the immunoassay and chromatographic profiles revealed that progesterone and PdG in serum and urine were significantly correlated. At day 30, pregnancy was confirmed by gyno-clinical parameters, with the values in pregnant animals approximately twice those in non-pregnant animals. Serum progesterone concentration and urinary PdG concentration in pregnant animals increased sharply until day 45 and were maintained until day 65 when sampling was terminated. Based on the results, reproductive events, including oestrus cyclicity and pregnancy can be monitored by determining serum progesterone and urinary PdG in Murrah buffaloes. p-cresol in both serum and urine was generally higher in non-pregnant heifers compared to pregnant buffaloes in all three groups. p-Cresol conc. varied dramatically during oestrus in all groups on day 0 (day of oestrus), the mean value of p-cresol in serum and urine of nonpregnant buffaloes was higher than that of pregnant heifers. Therefore, PdG and p-cresol in buffalo urine could be used as potential markers for developing a non-invasive method for the reproductive assessment of dairy animals.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Comparative studies on urinary metabotypes and scrotal thermal signatures in normal and cloned Murrah buffalo bulls
    (Lala lajpat rai university Hisar, 2022-10) Krishan Kumar; Malik, Rakesh Kumar; Balhara, Ashok Kumar
    The present study conducted on fourteen Murrah buffalo bulls - ten growing (five each, cloned and normal) and four adult (two each, cloned and normal), evaluated urinary metabolites, skin surface temperatures of different body parts (with particular focus on scrotum) and hemato-biochemical parameters in scrotal thermal signatures in normal and cloned buffalo bulls across four seasons (summer, rainy, autumn and winter) over one year. There was no insignificant difference in body surface temperature of normal and cloned animals except winter season. The scrotal skin surface temperature was significantly high in cloned animals as compare to normal growing (p<0.05) animals. Among different body parts recorded for surface temperatures, the eye temperature had highest correlation with rectal temperature and was also found closed to it at any point of time, suggesting its use as an alternate, non – touch method for recording internal body temperatures. The growth rate and blood-biochemical parameters recorded insignificant differences between normal and cloned animals. 1H-NMR spectroscopy suggested that there are qualitative and quantitative differences in the identified 136-140 urine metabolites, between cloned and normal animals in both groups (i.e. adult and growing). The differences were marked in summer and winter seasons in adult cloned animals. Of the 25 most abundant metabolites identified nine viz. L-arabinitol, xylose, glucose-1-phosphate, uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose), L-isoleucine, L-leucine, methylmalonic acid, keto-leucine and L valine were found in higher concentration in urine of cloned animals. Contrarily, four metabolites of these abundant metabolites viz. myo-inositol, glucuronic acid, taurine and glycine metabolite showed high relative abundance in the normal animals. The functional bioinformatics suggest significant differences in urinary metabolites between cloned and normal animals w.r.t. thermoregulation, energy metabolism, hormone synthesis and degenerative changes. Study also points towards higher scrotal temperature in growing cloned animals. The thermal screening conducted in the study also suggest that ocular temperature can serve as an alternate, non-touch method for estimating internal body temperature in buffaloes