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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of supplementing Moringa oleifera and Organic acid on the performance of broilers
    (LUVAS Hisar, 2023-05) Neha; Sharma, Vishal
    An experiment was conducted to study the effect of Moringa oleifera and Organic acid supplementation on the performance of broilers. Two hundred and twenty five day old unsexed commercial broiler chicks were subjected to five dietary treatments consisting of 15 broiler chicks in each replicate reared for a period of 6 weeks to find the effect of following treatments namely T0 group (negative control i.e. basal ration without antibiotic), T1 group (control i.e. basal ration with antibiotics), T2 group (basal Ration + 1% M. oleifera), T3 group ( basal Ration + 0.5 % Organic acid) and T4 group (basal Ration + 1% M. oleifera + 0.5% Organic acid).Temperature and humidity of the shed were recorded daily to calculate Temperature Humidity Index (THI). The body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, production indices, carcass characteristics, haemato-biochemical parameters and cost of production were studied. Standard feeding and all other managemental practices were followed during the experimental period of 42 days. Supplementation of 1% Moringa oleifera and 0.5% Organic acid (T4) gave best result and statistically (P<0.05) improved body weight, weight gain, feed efficiency, eviscerated weight percentage, drawn percentage and biochemical profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL). There was no detrimental effect of 1% Moringa oleifera and 0.5% Organic acid on health and performance of broiler chicken. The cost of production calculated at the end of experiment revealed that net profit on drawn weight (Rs/kg) of broilers at six weeks of age was increased as much as Rs 3.45 (T2), Rs1.65 (T3), and Rs 5.44 (T4) in comparison with control group. It can be concluded that addition of 1% Moringa oleifera and 0.5% organic acid alone or in combination can be effectively supplemented as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter in broiler chicken ration without any adverse effect on survivability of birds.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performace of Soymilk as partial milk replacer in Murrah buffalo calves
    (LUVAS,Hisar, 2023) Mohammed Ishan Hashmi
    The present study attempts to analyze the performance of Soymilk as partial milk replacer in Murrah buffalo calves. After the period of colostrum feeding at the age of 5 days, 15 Murrah buffalo calves were randomly divided into three treatment groups, having 5 buffalo calves in each treatment on the basis of similar body weight and sex. The treatments included: T1 (Whole milk feeding), T2 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 75:25 ratio) and T3 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 50:50 ratio). This experiment was conducted for a period of 90 days. Soypowder for Soymilk was prepared by soaking, dehulling, drying, grinding and sieving of soybean. For preparation of 1 litre Soymilk, 150 g soypowder was dissolved in water with continuous stirring and then strained with fine muslin cloth. Thereafter, this Soymilk was mixed with the Whole milk as per the treatment groups. The calves were given balanced diet in form of green fodder, dry roughage and concentrate mixture to meet their dietary requirements for growth as per ICAR 2013 feeding standards. The quantity of different feeds given to calves of each group was adjusted at 15 days intervals so that the overall dietary requirements of buffalo calves were met according to the change in their body weight. Body weight and body measurements (body height, heart girth, abdominal girth and body length) were recorded at the start of experiment and thereafter at 15 days interval. The feed intake (fresh basis, dry matter basis and DMI/100 kg body weight), FCR, FCE and faecal score were recorded at 15 days interval up to 90 days of experiment. Haemato-biochemical parameters were observed at monthly interval. The results of the experiment revealed that body weight parameters (average body weight, body weight gain, cumulative body weight gain and average body weight gain) and body measurement parameters (body height, cumulative body height, heart girth, cumulative heart girth, abdominal girth, cumulative abdominal girth, body length and cumulative body length) did not differ significantly due to partial replacement of Whole milk with Soymilk at 25% and 50% level during whole experimental period. Similarly, feed intake (dry roughage, green fodder and concentrate intake), FCR and FCE showed no significant difference among T1 (Whole milk feeding), T2 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 75:25 ratio) and T3 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 50:50 ratio) treatment group. Various haematological parameters (Hb, TEC, TLC, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, MCH, MCHC and PCV) and serum biochemical parameters (creatinine, glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, calcium, chloride, SGPT, SGOT, ALP, phosphorus, urea, HDL and LDL) were no significantly different among treatment groups in which calves fed Whole milk and combination of Whole milk and Soymilk. The results also revealed that feeding of Soymilk had no effect on faecal score in experimental calves. The cost of feeding calculated at the end of experiment revealed that net profit in total feeding cost/kg weight gain were Rs. 106.92 and 130.35 in T2 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 75:25 ratio) and T3 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 50:50 ratio) treatment group with respect to T1 (Whole milk feeding) treatment group. Through this experimentation, it can be concluded that Whole milk can be partially replaced by Soymilk up to 50% level without any adverse effect on performance of Murrah buffalo calves and Soymilk feeding is more economical than Whole milk feeding.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of supplementing moringa oleifera with fibrolytic enzyme on performance of chicken broiler
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2024-04) Kavita; Bidhan, D.S.
    An experiment was designed to study the effect of feeding Moringa oleifera with fibrolytic enzyme on the performance of chicken broiler. Two hundred forty, day old chicks were housed, and they were divided into 4 treatment groups viz., T0 (Control): offered basal diet without antibiotic; T1: fed basal diet with antibiotics; T2: offered basal diet with 2% Moringa oleifera and T3: Basal diet having 2% Moringa oleifera with fibrolytic enzyme. During the feeding trial of 42 days, feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly. Findings of the study showed that average body weight gain (g/bird) significantly (P<0.05) higher in each treatment group with maximum gain in 2% Moringa oleifera with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme added group (T3) followed by T2 and T1. The feed intake was varied non-significantly among different treatment group while the FCR was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T1, and T0. ). Hematological parameters (Hb, TEC and TLC) were differed non-significantly as compared to control group. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol (146.20 mg/dl) and triglycerides (33.25 mg/dl) levels was observed in 2%MOLM with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme T3 groups followed by T2 (149.12 mg/dl, 34.32 mg/dl), T1 (169.31mg/dl, 37.26 mg/dl) and T0 (169.26 mg/dl, 38.53mg/dl) group. Inclusion of 2% MOLM alone T2 and in combination with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme T3 resulted in significant (P<0.05) improvement in HDL (124.84mg/dl) and (123.05mg/dl) while reduction in LDL (16.04 mg/dl) and (19.50mg/dl) as compared with control T1 (121.71mg/dl, 36.71mg/dl respectively. The mortality rate was significantly lower in T3, T2, T1 and T0. The highest profit per birds was obtained in the group supplemented with 2% MOLM with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme in diet of chicken broiler. Thus, it can be inferred from the present study that inclusion of 2% MOLM alone or in combination with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme had better effect on body weight gain, FCR, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical parameter, blood profile parameters along with better economics in terms of cost per kg gain in broiler.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of supplementing Moringa oleifera with fibrolytic enzyme on performance of chicken broiler
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2024-04) Kavita; Kavita; Bidhan, D.S.; Bidhan, D.S.
    An experiment was designed to study the effect of feeding Moringa oleifera with fibrolytic enzyme on the performance of chicken broiler. Two hundred forty, day old chicks were housed, and they were divided into 4 treatment groups viz., T0 (Control): offered basal diet without antibiotic; T1: fed basal diet with antibiotics; T2: offered basal diet with 2% Moringa oleifera and T3: Basal diet having 2% Moringa oleifera with fibrolytic enzyme. During the feeding trial of 42 days, feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly. Findings of the study showed that average body weight gain (g/bird) significantly (P<0.05) higher in each treatment group with maximum gain in 2% Moringa oleifera with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme added group (T3) followed by T2 and T1. The feed intake was varied non-significantly among different treatment group while the FCR was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T1, and T0. ). Hematological parameters (Hb, TEC and TLC) were differed non-significantly as compared to control group. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol (146.20 mg/dl) and triglycerides (33.25 mg/dl) levels was observed in 2%MOLM with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme T3 groups followed by T2 (149.12 mg/dl, 34.32 mg/dl), T1 (169.31mg/dl, 37.26 mg/dl) and T0 (169.26 mg/dl, 38.53mg/dl) group. Inclusion of 2% MOLM alone T2 and in combination with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme T3 resulted in significant (P<0.05) improvement in HDL (124.84mg/dl) and (123.05mg/dl) while reduction in LDL (16.04 mg/dl) and (19.50mg/dl) as compared with control T1 (121.71mg/dl, 36.71mg/dl respectively. The mortality rate was significantly lower in T3, T2, T1 and T0. The highest profit per birds was obtained in the group supplemented with 2% MOLM with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme in diet of chicken broiler. Thus, it can be inferred from the present study that inclusion of 2% MOLM alone or in combination with 0.5% fibrolytic enzyme had better effect on body weight gain, FCR, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical parameter, blood profile parameters along with better economics in terms of cost per kg gain in broiler.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of Biostimulation on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Murrah Buffalo Heifers
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2024-04) Kadyan, Sagar; Chikara, S. K.
    A total of 18 Murrah heifers were selected from the herd on the basis of age, body weight, absence of palpable ovarian follicle, corpus luteum and no abnormalities in their genitalia; and were confirmed as sound healthy and in anestrus period, which means none of the animals was in puberty at the beginning of the trial. They were randomly allocated to one of the following 3 treatments with 6 animals in each group. The treatment groups include the control group with no bull contact (T0), buffalo heifers provided with fence-line bull contact (T1) and the buffalo heifers with fence-line bull contact plus direct bull contact (T2). Murrah bulls within 28 to 31 months of age were selected for biostimulation. The experimental animals were housed under loose housing system having covered shed and an adjoining open paddock. The bulls were housed in a shed in between the sheds of two treatment groups of heifers separated through fenceline barrier. Sufficient distance was provided for allowing tactile interaction between bull and heifers through fenceline barrier. It was observed that biostimulation in Murrah heifers significantly improved average daily gain (g/day) in T2 [550.00±6.36] followed by T1 [503.47±19.73] and last with T0 [488.88±12.85]. The feeding time (minutes/day) was significantly higher in both treatment groups of T2 [277.38±3.88 (4.6 hr)] and T1 [266.69±3.53 (4.44 hr)] when compared to T0 [254.57±3.15 (4.24 hr)]. The rumination time (minutes/day) was significantly higher in T2 [317.77±2.42 (5.2 hr)] when compared to T1 [302.77±2.42 (5.04 hr)] and T0 [300.10±2.42 (5.0 hr)]. The resting time (minutes/day) was significantly higher in T2 [651.03±3.57 (10.85 hr)] and T1 [637.21±5.69 (10.62 hr)] when compared to T0 [624.30±2.33 (10.41 hr)]. The standing time (minutes/day) was significantly higher in T0 [815.70±2.33 (13.6 hr)] when compared to T2 [788.97±3.57 (13.1 hr)] and T0 [802.79±5.69 (13.38 hr)]. The average age at puberty (months) in T1 (26.20±1.28) and T2 (25.83±1.40) was lower than in T0 (27.67±0.88) group heifers. The average body weight (kg) at puberty in T1 (284.20±6.35) and T2 (286.19±4.54) was more than in T0 (258.35 ± 13.13) group heifers. The scoring of estrus symptoms during first estrus period in T0 was poor (16.66%), satisfactory (16.66%) and good (16.66%) whereas percentage of heifers exhibiting satisfactory (50.00%) and good (33.33%) estrus intensity in T1 whereas in T2 satisfactory (33.33%) and good (66.66%). During second estrus, the intensity of estrus in T1 was found to be very good and excellent (16.66 %; 33.33%) and excellent (00.00%; 66.66%) in T2 group. The mean number of small sized (8 mm in diameter follicles were significantly higher in T1 (3.81 and 1.34) and T2 (3.93 and 1.56) heifers than T0 (1.98 and 0.11) heifers respectively. The overall mean of od values of leptin hormone in T0 (0.71±0.11) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than T1 (0.88±0.08) and T2 (0.98±0.08) and the overall mean of od values of estrogen hormone in T0 (0.45±0.06) and T1 (0.50 ±0.09) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than T2 (0.67 ±0.10). It was also observed that respiration rate, pulse rate, temperature such as rectal, fore head, vulvar, tail and udder of heifers were higher during estrus period as compared to normal reference day of that animal. Based on the results obtained it may be concluded that the biostimulation of Murrah buffalo heifers through fenceline contact by mature bulls improved the growth rate, reduced age at puberty and sexual maturity by about 2 months.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Performace of Soymilk as partial milk replacer in Murrah buffalo calve
    (Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2024-06) Hashm, Mohammed Ishan; Yadav, Dipin Chander
    The present study attempts to analyze the performance of Soymilk as partial milk replacer in Murrah buffalo calves. After the period of colostrum feeding at the age of 5 days, 15 Murrah buffalo calves were randomly divided into three treatment groups, having 5 buffalo calves in each treatment on the basis of similar body weight and sex. The treatments included: T1 (Whole milk feeding), T2 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 75:25 ratio) and T3 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 50:50 ratio). This experiment was conducted for a period of 90 days. Soypowder for Soymilk was prepared by soaking, dehulling, drying, grinding and sieving of soybean. For preparation of 1 litre Soymilk, 150 g soypowder was dissolved in water with continuous stirring and then strained with fine muslin cloth. Thereafter, this Soymilk was mixed with the Whole milk as per the treatment groups. The calves were given balanced diet in form of green fodder, dry roughage and concentrate mixture to meet their dietary requirements for growth as per ICAR 2013 feeding standards. The quantity of different feeds given to calves of each group was adjusted at 15 days intervals so that the overall dietary requirements of buffalo calves were met according to the change in their body weight. Body weight and body measurements (body height, heart girth, abdominal girth and body length) were recorded at the start of experiment and thereafter at 15 days interval. The feed intake (fresh basis, dry matter basis and DMI/100 kg body weight), FCR, FCE and faecal score were recorded at 15 days interval up to 90 days of experiment. Haemato-biochemical parameters were observed at monthly interval. The results of the experiment revealed that body weight parameters (average body weight, body weight gain, cumulative body weight gain and average body weight gain) and body measurement parameters (body height, cumulative body height, heart girth, cumulative heart girth, abdominal girth, cumulative abdominal girth, body length and cumulative body length) did not differ significantly due to partial replacement of Whole milk with Soymilk at 25% and 50% level during whole experimental period. Similarly, feed intake (dry roughage, green fodder and concentrate intake), FCR and FCE showed no significant difference among T1 (Whole milk feeding), T2 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 75:25 ratio) and T3 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 50:50 ratio) treatment group. Various haematological parameters (Hb, TEC, TLC, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, MCH, MCHC and PCV) and serum biochemical parameters (creatinine, glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, calcium, chloride, SGPT, SGOT, ALP, phosphorus, urea, HDL and LDL) were no significantly different among treatment groups in which calves fed Whole milk and combination of Whole milk and Soymilk. The results also revealed that feeding of Soymilk had no effect on faecal score in experimental calves. The cost of feeding calculated at the end of experiment revealed that net profit in total feeding cost/kg weight gain were Rs. 106.92 and 130.35 in T2 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 75:25 ratio) and T3 (Whole milk and Soymilk in 50:50 ratio) treatment group with respect to T1 (Whole milk feeding) treatment group. Through this experimentation, it can be concluded that Whole milk can be partially replaced by Soymilk up to 50% level without any adverse effect on performance of Murrah buffalo calves and Soymilk feeding is more economical than Whole milk feeding
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on the performance of murrah buffaloes under loose housing system
    (Lala lajpat rai university Hisar) Sandeep; Bidhan, Devender Singh
    The present investigation has been undertaken to study the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on performance of lactating Murrah buffalo under loose housing system. Eighteen lactating Murrah buffaloes were assigned to three dietary treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) resulting in six lactating buffaloes per treatment based on parity following factorial completely randomized design. The experiment was conducted for a period from 21 days prepartum to 5 months of lactation to find the effect of supplementation of MOLM in following treatments, namely, T1(control)- Feeding of lactating buffaloes with wheat straw, green fodder and concentrate mixture(on DM basis) to meet out the nutrients requirements as per ICAR standards (2013), T2- Feeding as per ICAR standards (2013) + 75 g MOLM/animal/day,T3- Feeding as per ICAR standards (2013) + 150 g MOLM/animal/day. Daily DMI, body weight were found comparable and non-significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). Significantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield (kg), 6% FCM (kg), and lactose (%) were reported in T3 treatment group as compared to T1. Significantly (P<0.05) higher Milk fat (%), SNF (%) and total solids (%) were reported in T2 and T3 treatment group as compared to T1 while milk protein (%) remain unchanged. Peak milk yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control) but days taken to attain peak milk yield did not differ significantly among different dietary treatments. Persistency period of peak milk yield was significantly (P<0.05) greater in T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). FCR and FCE based on 6% FCM were significantly (P<0.05) improved in T2 and T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). Days to attain post-partum oestrous and services per conception were reduced in T2 and T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control), but the difference was non significant among different dietary treatments. Service period was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). It was reported that plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl), cholesterol (mg/dl), calcium (mg/dl), phosphorus (mg/dl), iron (µg/dl), globulin concentration (g/dl), SGOT (IU/L), SGPT (IU/L) and urea nitrogen concentration (mg/dl) were found comparable in all treatment groups. Total protein concentration (g/dl) and albumin concentration (g/dl) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 group than T1 (control) group. The findings of the present study inferred that MOLM supplementation increases production performance, improves reproduction parameters, feed conversion efficiency, haemato-biochemical parameters and is economic in lactating Murrah buffaloes
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of faba bean (vicia faba) as protein source on performance of murrah buffaloes
    (Lala lajpat rai university Hisar, 2022-08) Komal; Bidhan, Devender Singh
    The present study was carried out to study the effect of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) as protein source on performance of Murrah Buffaloes. For this, eighteen Murrah buffaloes in transition phase were selected and divided into 3 treatment groups having six in each on the basis of milk yield, body weight and parity following completely randomized design (CRD) i.e. Treatment 1 (control): given concentrate as per ICAR standard 2013(T0), Treatment 2: given concentrate by replacing 15% of the CP of the control group with faba bean (T1) and Treatment 3: given concentrate by replacing 30% of the CP of the control group with faba bean (T2 ). Different parameters observed were change in body weight, feed intake , production performance, milk composition , reproductive and haemato biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment digestion trial was conducted. It was reported that replacement of protein source with 15 and 30% faba bean did not have significant effect on average initial, at time of calving and final body weights, average dry matter intake, average daily milk yield, peak yield, days taken to attain peak yield, persistency period and milk composition in terms of milk fat, FCM, milk protein, SNF content, total solids and lactose. Post- partum estrus, service period , no. of service per conception and conception rate also did not differ significantly among different treatment groups. It was revealed that the nutrient digestibility, nutrients intake, nutritive value of ration and feed efficiency were not affected by replacement of protein source with 15 and 30% faba bean. The results of present study indicates statistically non-significant difference in average WBC, RBC, Haemoglobin, serum phosphorous, serum calcium, serum magnesium, serum glucose, Blood Urea Nitrogen, serum cholesterol, serum albumin, serum protein, SGOT, SGPT in different treatment groups. The findings from the present study indicates benefit per kg 6% FCM per animal was Rs. 1.2 and 1.35 in treatment group T1 and T2 as compared to T0 group. Overall, it can be concluded that replacement of high cost protein source with faba bean (cheap protein source ) upto 30% level does not have any deleterious effect on performance, digestibility and health of the animal and also economical to the farmers as it reduced the milk production cost . So, it can be used in the ration of dairy animals
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Effect of moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on the performance of murrah buffaloes under loose housing system
    (Lala lajpat rai university Hisar, 2022) Sandeep; Bidhan, Devender Singh
    The present investigation has been undertaken to study the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on performance of lactating Murrah buffalo under loose housing system. Eighteen lactating Murrah buffaloes were assigned to three dietary treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) resulting in six lactating buffaloes per treatment based on parity following factorial completely randomized design. The experiment was conducted for a period from 21 days prepartum to 5 months of lactation to find the effect of supplementation of MOLM in following treatments, namely, T1(control)- Feeding of lactating buffaloes with wheat straw, green fodder and concentrate mixture(on DM basis) to meet out the nutrients requirements as per ICAR standards (2013), T2- Feeding as per ICAR standards (2013) + 75 g MOLM/animal/day,T3- Feeding as per ICAR standards (2013) + 150 g MOLM/animal/day. Daily DMI, body weight were found comparable and non-significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). Significantly (P<0.05) higher milk yield (kg), 6% FCM (kg), and lactose (%) were reported in T3 treatment group as compared to T1. Significantly (P<0.05) higher Milk fat (%), SNF (%) and total solids (%) were reported in T2 and T3 treatment group as compared to T1 while milk protein (%) remain unchanged. Peak milk yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control) but days taken to attain peak milk yield did not differ significantly among different dietary treatments. Persistency period of peak milk yield was significantly (P<0.05) greater in T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). FCR and FCE based on 6% FCM were significantly (P<0.05) improved in T2 and T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). Days to attain post-partum oestrous and services per conception were reduced in T2 and T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control), but the difference was non significant among different dietary treatments. Service period was significantly (P<0.05) lower in T3 treatment groups as compared to T1 (control). It was reported that plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl), cholesterol (mg/dl), calcium (mg/dl), phosphorus (mg/dl), iron (µg/dl), globulin concentration (g/dl), SGOT (IU/L), SGPT (IU/L) and urea nitrogen concentration (mg/dl) were found comparable in all treatment groups. Total protein concentration (g/dl) and albumin concentration (g/dl) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in T3 group than T1 (control) group. The findings of the present study inferred that MOLM supplementation increases production performance, improves reproduction parameters, feed conversion efficiency, haemato-biochemical parameters and is economic in lactating Murrah buffaloes.