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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar
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ThesisItem Metadata only Microbiological, cytological and ultrasonographic studies in infertile mares and their therapeutic management.(LUVAS, 2016) Nafis Ibni Assad; Bugalia, N SInfertility in broodmares due to uterine infection and associated endometritis occurs following breeding and foaling, and cripples annual foal production and accounts for heavy economic loss in the equine industry. Both diagnosis and therapeutic management as early as possible are warranted to maintain optimum fertility. Present study was therefore undertaken with the aim to evaluate the diagnostic utility of uterine cytology, uterine culture and ultrasonography in detection of uterine infection in infertile mares and to recommend a combination of diagnostic techniques to be employed as a routine procedure in the management of equine uterine infections and associated endometritis. The therapeutic efficacy of different treatment regimens in management of uterine infection in infertile mares was also evaluated. Investigation was conducted on 27 broodmares of equine breeding stud (RVC)-Hisar. Mares were divided into four groups (Group I, II and III, with 7 infertile mares in each group; Group IV with 6 fertile mares). All the mares were subjected to pre-treatment assessment of reproductive status by uterine ultrasonography, uterine cytology and uterine culture, followed by therapeutic management of uterine infections and associated endometritis with three different therapeutic regimens for three different groups. Transrectal ultrasound was done using a linear array probe (5MHz and 7 MHz). Sampling for uterine cytology and uterine cultures was done using low-volume uterine flush technique. Group I mares were treated with saline uterine lavage + PGF2α + intrauterine antibiotic infusion, Group II mares received saline uterine lavage + Cloprostenol + intrauterine antibiotic infusion, Group III mares were treated with saline uterine lavage + Oxytocin + intrauterine antibiotic infusion. Group IV mares received no treatment. The antibiotics used were based on the in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test. Further, therapeutic response was evaluated by post-treatment ultrasound conducted between days 7-10 after treatment and post-treatment conception was recorded following 1st, 2nd and 3rd inseminations. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasound, uterine cytology & uterine culture were recorded to be 86.66%, 50.00%, 68.42% & 75.00%; 71.42%, 69.23%,71.4% & 69.23% and 100%,100%, 100% & 100% respectively. The results of all the techniques were highly and significantly correlated. Uterine cultural examination of the flush sample was the most reliable method for detection of uterine infection in infertile mares. Uterine culture and uterine cytology was found to be the best combination for routine use in the diagnosis of infections. However, uterine ultrasonography may be used for evaluation of quantity of uterine fluid as well as assessment of endometrial oedema/uterine wall thickening in prediction of fertility. Therapeutic regimens involving Cloprostenol and Oxytocin in addition to uterine lavage + intrauterine antibiotic infusion were found to be first and second preference treatment protocols, respectively, in management of uterine infections in infertile mares.ThesisItem Restricted The use of progesterone releasing intravaginal device (CIDR-B) with or without hCG for the induction of oestrus and ovulation in lactational anoestrus mares(LUVAS, 2005) Ahlawat, Raj Kumar; Phogat, J.B.The study was conducted on a total of 30 lactational anoestrus mares (10 mares each in Group A, B and C) during late breeding season (July/August) in the age group of 5–20 years and which have already foaled 1-10 times, located at Equine Breeding Stud, Hisar, Haryana. Easy breed CIDR device (containing 1.38 gm natural progesterone) was inserted intravaginally for a period of 12 days (day 0 to day 12) in mares of Group A and B, alongwith 0.450 mg PGF2 intramuscularly on the day of device removal. In one group (n = 7, Group B) of mares 3000 IU hCG intravenously was also administered on the day of natural covering/artificial insemination with fresh donkey semen and mares in Group C served as controls. The reproductive performance of these mares was recorded in terms of oestrus/ovulation induction response, conception and pregnancy rates. Plasma progesterone concentrations in 15 mares (6 mares of Group A, 5 mares of Group B and 4 mares of Group C) on days 0, 4, 8, 12, on the day of covering/A.I. and on day 12 post-covering of the treatment schedule were also monitored. During the treatment schedule five mares lost the CIDR-B device and these mares were excluded from the study, i.e. the CIDR-B device was retained by 15 out of 20 mares. An oestrus induction response of 86.66% was observed in treated mares of both the groups with a variable period of onset of oestrus following device removal. Majority of the mares i.e. 9 out of -ii- 13 (69.23%) exhibited signs of oestrus between 36-72 hours after CIDR-B removal, while three mares were induced to oestrus within 96 hours. Only one mare took 144 hours for onset of cyclicity after removal of the device. However, mean interval from removal of the device to onset of signs of oestrus was 68.30 8.94 hours. In control mares, out of 10 only three mares (30%) exhibited signs of oestrus during the experimental period which was significantly (p< 0.05) lower than treated mares. All mares from all the three groups in the present investigation, which exhibited signs of oestrus, also ovulated following covering/A.I. as confirmed by rectal palpation. The conception rate at the induced oestrus was very low (15.38%, 2/13) but 4 more mares conceived at the subsequent oestrus, thus, an overall conception rate of 46.15% was achieved in the mares treated with or without hCG. However, only one out of 10 mares conceived in Group C (controls) during the entire period of investigation. Plasma progesterone profiles in 7 mares (4 treated and 3 controls) indicated that these mares were already having luteal phase plasma progesterone concentrations (4-17 ng/ml) at the time of CIDR-B insertion (day 0), while in rest of the 8 mares plasma progesterone profiles were at basal levels at the time of CIDR-B insertion. In mares, which were having initial basal progesterone levels (1.64 0.19 ng/ml) on the day of device insertion, the levels significantly (p<0.01) increased to 5.64 0.89 ng/ml on day 4 following CIDR-B insertion and remained elevated (3.49 0.88) up to day 8. These values came down to 1.33 0.20 ng /ml (comparable to day 0) on the day of device removal (Day 12). Similarly in mares, which were having initial high progesterone profiles on the day of device insertion, progesterone concentrations increased in the same fashion as recorded in the mares having initial basal progesterone profiles at the time of device insertion. But on the day of covering/A.I. in all the mares (having initial basal or high progesterone concentrations) the plasma progesterone concentrations were either below the detection limit of the assay or below 1 ng/ml. which typically resembles to oestrus levels, clearly indicating and supporting our oestrus induction responseThesisItem Restricted Evaluation of meloxicam as stress modulator and investigations on prognostic indices in cases of assisted parturition in buffaloes(LUVAS, 2004) Umed Singh; Suresh ChenderInvestigation was carried out to find out the efficacy of meloxicam, a non-steroial anti-inflammatory drug, as stress modulater in bovine dystocia cases and to determine probable prognostic indices in cases of assisted parturitions. The study was conducted on 41 buffaloes affected with dystocia. The animals included in the investigation were randomly divided into two groups. To study the effect of preemptive administration of non sterioidal anti-inflammatory analgesics on stress perception by the animal experiencing difficult birth, meloxicam was administered @ 0.5mg/kg b.wt. in 22 buffaloes (Group II) 15 minutes prior to obstetrical management of the case. Alterations in haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, blood urea, creatinime plasma electrolytes, blood histamine and plasma cortisol levels were studied in blood samples collected from dystocia cases at 2 hour and 24 hours post treatment and compared with values in pretreatment (0 hour) samples Depending upon to the nature and cause of dystocia, the dystocia was relieved either by caesarean operation or by non surgical manipulations and comparative study was done between surgically and nonsurgically handled and between meloxicam administered and unadminstered group of buffaloes. Survival of the dam was correlated with the observations on different parameters studied. Preemptive administration of meloxicam had no influence on body temperature, respiration rate or heart rate of dystocia affected buffaloes but ruminal motility failed to improve post treatment in meloxicam treated cases. Significant difference was not observed in haemoglobin concentration levels between meloxicam administered and unadminstered buffaloes but creatinine concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in caesarean operated buffaloes administered meloxicam preoperatively than the buffaloes, operated without meloxicam administration. When meloxicam was not administered prior to obstetrical intervention a significant decrease was in chloride concentration was evident by 24 hours post treatment and blood urea concentration was significantly lower following intervention than the non surgical management of dystocia. Plasma cortisol and blood histamine levels were not effected by preemptive administration of meloxicam. Significant difference was not observed in body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, plasma creatinine and plasma sodium and potassium levels between surgically and non surgically treated buffaleos but chorlide concentration was significantly lower and blood histamine was found to be higher in caesarean operated buffaloes than the buffaloes with non surgically management of the case. Also the peripheral cortisol concentration were higher in laparohysterotomised buffaloes without administration of meloxicam than the non surigically treated buffaloes. Body temperature and respiration rate were significantly lower and rumen motility significantly improved in bufflaoes which survived following treatment. Significantly (P< 0.05) higher creatinine and blood histamine concentration were recorded in buffaloes which died but chloride levels were significantly lower following treatment in those animals which died than those which survived. The pretreatment cortisol levels, was negatively related with the survival of the dam following laparohysterotomy but blood urea and plasma sodium and potassium levels were not related with survival of dystocia affected animal. Survival rate was lower in caesarean operated buffaloes and in buffaloes with preemptive administration of meloxicam when compared with the cases handled by non-surgical methods or without meloxicam administration.ThesisItem Restricted Clinical efficacy of progestagen ear implants for induction of cyclicity in pre-pubertal Tharparkar heifers(LUVAS, 2005) Sheoran, Mahender Singh; Nanda, TrilokThe study was conducted on a total of 40 non-cyclic prepubertal Tharparkar heifers (aged between 24 to 30 months), 20 heifers each in treatment group and 20 heifers in control groups located at an organized farm. In treatment group, the Crestar was inserted subcutaneously in the ear for 10 days (day 0 to 10) alongwith 500 I.U. PMSG IM at the time of its removal in all the heifers. The estrus induction and fertility response of all the animals were recorded. An estrus induction response of 100% was recorded in treatment group whereas only 20% of control heifers showed estrus during observation period. All the treated heifers were induced to estrus within 24 to 60h of Crestar withdrawal, out of which 20% (4/20) were induced to estrus between 24 to 36h and 30% (6/20) were in estrus between 36 to 48h, whereas majority of heifers i.e. 50% (10/20) were induced to estrus between 48 to 60h post implant removal. So, all the heifers i.e. 100% (20/20) were in estrus within 60h of post-crestar removal. The conception rate at the induced estrus was 90% (18/20) confirmed by the 28-day non-return in treatment group whereas in control group the first-service conception rate was 75%. A total of 10 treatment heifers became (10/20) pregnant at the induced estrus and another one became pregnant at subsequent cycle whereas 3 heifers became pregnant at 2nd subsequent cycles. Thus, overall 14 treatment heifers (14/20) became pregnant after breeding at induced and subsequent cycles with an overall pregnancy rate of 70% whereas in control group, the pregnancy rate was 20% (4/20). Results reveal that Crestar along with PMSG treatment gives better estrus response and pregnancy rate (along with easy application and better retention ) than other progesterone therapies, thus can be successfully used to induce early puberty in prepubertal heifers.ThesisItem Restricted Clinical, Endocrinological & Biochemical studies on ‘CIDR’ treated anoestrous buffaloes under rural condition(LUVAS, 2006) Gupta, Deep Mani; Suresh ChanderA study was conducted on 18 pubertal buffalo-heifers and 15 parous buffaloes more than 90 days post partum reportedly anoestrous in village Dahima, Distt. Hisar, regarding efficacy of a Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) device containing progesterone for induction of oestrus and associated endocrinolgical and blood biochemical alteration in the treated animals. The device was kept intravaginally for a period of seven days followed by administration of 500 I.U. of PMSG at the time of CIDR removal and fixed time insemination with frozen semen at 48 and 72 hours post device removal. The blood samples were collected from the treated animals prior to CIDR insertion (Day 0), on the day of CIDR removal (day 7) and on the day of first A.I. (day 9) to monitor the changes in plasma progesterone, oestradiol-17 and certain macro and microminerals, total proteins and cholesterol. Six normal cycling buffaloes served as controls for blood biochemical investigations. The CIDR was retained by all except two animals. Oestrus induction was observed in 44.77 percent heifers and 40 percent buffaloes based on the clinical signs of hyperaemia of vulva and vagina and mucous discharge from vulva at the time of first A.I. The conception rate at induced oestrus was 16.66 per cent in heifers and 53.84 percent in parous buffaloes. Pretreatment plasma progesterone profile revealed that only four animals were acyclic while the remaining had progesterone concentration more than 1ng/ml suggesting suboestrus or unobserved oestrus in these animals. A rise in circulating progesterone level was observed on day 7 post CIDR insertion whereas the levels of progesterone declined to less than 1ng/ml in eight animals on day 9 i.e. two days after CIDR withdrawal. The mean progesterone concentration on day 9 were less than the levels observed on day 7 in both heifers as well as buffaloes. The mean plasma oestradiol-17 levels exhibited two fold increase on day 7 compared to the day 0 level. The circulating oestradiol-17 concentration declined in nearly half of the treated animals by day 2 post withdrawal of CIDR while in the remaining levels were still high. The blood plasma calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration did not vary significantly at different sampling intervals in treated animals except that the calcium levels in heifers were significantly lower on day 9 as compared to the pretreatment level. No significant difference was observed between follicular and luteal phase of oestrous cycle in normal buffaloes with respect to the plasma concentration of these macrominerals. Cyclic buffaloes differed significantly from the treated animals in their plasma miicrominerals profile. The concentration of copper, manganese and zinc were significantly lower in cyclic buffaloes than the treated buffalo-heifers. Significant difference was observed in plasma copper and manganese concentration between oestrus and dioestrous phase of oestrous cycle. While the former was significantly higher on the day of oestrus in normal buffaloes, the latter was significantly higher on day 10 of oestrous cycle. These microminerals did not vary significantly following treatment of anoestrous buffaloes with CIDR. Total plasma proteins and total cholesterol concentrations were not affected by the stage of the oestrous cycle or progesterone treatment in buffaloes. Adult parous buffaloes differed from buffalo-heifers with respect to their plasma inorganic phosphorus and total protein concentrations, heifers having significantly lower concentration at all the sampling intervals than the adult buffaloes.ThesisItem Restricted Effects of coumestrol (Phytoestrogen) on spermatogenesis in dog(LUVAS, 2012) Rajesh Kumar; Sharma, A.K.The present study was conducted on 12 apparently healthy pubertal stray dogs weighing 14-18 kg. These dogs were randomly divided into three groups. Animals in group I (n=5) and group II (n=5) were given 300 and 500 μg coumestrol dissolved in DMSO orally in a treat, on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 respectively. Dogs in control group III (n=2) were given DMSO alone as per above schedule. One week after the end of treatment period, dogs were anaesthetized and testicles were removed. Efferent ductules, rete testis and testicular tissue were incised and fixed in Bouin’s and Karnovsky’s fixatives. Body weight, testicular length and width and scrotal circumference were not affected significantly pre and post treatment. Spermatogenesis, seminiferous epithelial cycle and spermiogenesis were normal in coumestrol treated dogs. .Histologically, epithelial lining of efferent ductules was composed of pseudo stratified columnar epithelium having ciliated and non- ciliated cells with normal ciliary and microvillus borders. Electron microscopically, the tubules of efferent ductules were normal in size and shape with intact ciliary border. Histologically, epithelial lining of rete testis was composed of squamous to columnar cell epithelium and no tubular dilatation was seen. Electron microscopically, the interconnected channels of tubules of rete testis were normal in size and shape. Also, no deleterious effects on cauda epididymal live spermatozoa and cauda epididymal sperm reserve were observed in coumestrol treated and control groups. From this study, it was concluded that oral feeding of 300 and 500μg coumestrol can not produce deleterious effects on reproductive performance of the dogs. So, at this dose rate this chemical can not be used for population control of stray dogsThesisItem Restricted Ovsynch-Plus and a “Modified Ovsynch-Plus” treatment of anestrous buffalo heifers during summer and winter seasons: Study of ovarian activity and post-treatment fertility(LUVAS, 2012) Malik, Sandeep Kumar; Umed SinghThe present study was conducted on 28 peripubertal anestrous Murrah buffalo heifers (Bubalus bubalis) during summer (Jun-Aug) and winter season (Dec-Feb). From the herd, 14 anestrous heifers for each season were selected at random and the ovaries of the experimental animals were scanned for a period of 20 days on every alternate day i.e.; Day-20, -18, -16, -14, -12, -10, -8, -6, -4, -2 and day 0 (Day 0 – day of start of treatment) and in these animals wave and its duration, the number of follicles, size of follicles, growth and regression profiles of dominant and subordinate follicles were recorded and the follicular dynamics was monitored. Subsequently, the animals during each season, were randomly divided into two groups and received either „Ovsynch-Plus‟ (Group I) or „Modified Ovsynch-Plus‟ (Group II) treatment. The follicular dynamics was monitored by ultrasonography daily during the period of treatment till day 12 and then after insemination at weekly interval i.e. at day 7, 14, 21 and 28 post insemination. All the treated females were inseminated at fixed time on day 12 and 13. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography on day 28 after insemination. The follicles continue to grow and regress without ovulation during anestrous period in the peripubertal heifers. The maximum size of DF remained smaller (9.29 ± 0.18 mm) in anovulatory follicles. At puberty, the CL formed after 1st ovulation was of short duration and the second ovulation occurred within 6-10 days interval. A significantly more number of total antral follicles in both the ovaries were observed during winter season as compared to those during summer season. Administration of eCG increased the number as well as size of dominant follicles (DF) on day 2nd and 3rd after injection. A combination of eCG and GnRH at 3 days apart resulted in formation of CL in100% animals during summer season and in 96.15% of heifers during winter season. Multiple ovulations following treatment were more common during winter season. The induced CLs formed after treatment was of shorter duration and started regressing before prostaglandin injection was administered. Administration of hCG (on day 3) in „Modified Ovsynch-Plus‟ treated group‟ resulted in availability of large persistent follicles (PF) that were not responsive to GnRH injection given on day 12 of treatment. Only those females conceived who responded by ovulation to eCG/1stGnRH/hCG and 2ndGnRH injections. Conception rate was found to be better in „Ovsynch-Plus‟ treated heifers compared to that of „Modified Ovsynch-Plus‟ treated heifers. In conclusion, beginning of the „Ovsynch‟ protocol with hCG did not increase ovulation and conception rates in heifers. Thus, hCG is not a suitable replacement for the first GnRH of „Ovsynch‟. However, increasing ovulation rate in response to pre hormonal administration of „Ovsynch‟ with eCG have a significant effect on conception rate however, more studies are needed.
