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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar
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ThesisItem Restricted Induction of cyclicity in Murrah buffalo-heifers during summer season using different hormonal treatments(LUVAS, 2008) Virendar Singh; Malik, R.K.The present study was conducted on twenty four non-cyclic Murrah buffalo-heifers between age of 25 to 38 months and body weight >300kg to investigate the effect of different hormonal regimens in anestrus buffalo-heifers during summer season. All the animals were housed in commercial half covered pucca sheds with asbestos cement sheet roofs. They were stall fed collectively with sufficient quantity of green fodder and concentrates according to their individual requirements. Showering of animals was also done 1-2 times a day during the period of experiment. These experimental animals were randomly divided into four equal groups (A, B, C & D) having six heifers in each group. Group A was kept as control where as Group B received CIDR+Folligon+Chorulon; Group C (Folligon+Receptal-Vet + Vetmate + Receptal - Vet) and Group D (Duraprogen + Progynon depot + Vetmate + Folligon). All (100%) animals in Group B and C exhibited behavioural estrus symptoms whereas majority (66.66%) Group D and only (33.33%) Group A exhibited behavioural estrus symptoms. The estrus induction percentage in Group A, B, C & D was 33.33, 100, 16.66 and 66.66%, respectively. The mean interval to estrus from withdrawal of treatment in three treatment groups B, C and D was 38.40±4.49, 66.00±30.00 and 72.00+19.60 hours, respectively. The duration of estrus was maximum (28.20±6.12) hour in Group B animals, followed by 27.75±7.08, 17.00±2.52 and 16.00±2.00 hours in Group C, D and A, respectively. The pregnancy rate at induced estrus was highest (50.00%) in Group B animals followed by 33.33%, 20.00% and 16.66% in Group D, C and A heifers, respectively. The treatment cost per estrus induction was highest (Rs. 1061/-) in Group B heifers followed by Rs. 1011/- and Rs. 651/- in Group C and D, respectively. Group D treatment was most cost effective (Rs. 1302/-) followed by Rs. 2122/- per pregnancy and Rs. 4042/- per pregnancy in Group B and C, respectively on comparison of the pregnancy rates. From the present study it can be concluded that Duraprogen + Progynon depot+ PGF2α+PMSG (Group D) treatment is cost effective for induction of cyclicity and pregnancy at induced estrus in non-cyclic, post pubertal Murrah buffalo-heifers in summer season. However, it is suggested to extend the present investigation on large number of animals before final recommendation could be made for field application.ThesisItem Restricted Studies on ovarian follicular dynamics during early postpartum period, anestrus condition and hormonal therapies for induction of estrus in murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)(LUVAS, 2005) Malik, Rakesh Kumar; Pardeep SinghResumption of postpartum ovarian activity is essential for continued cycle of reproduction in order to achieve maximum lifetime production from dairy animals. However, in buffaloes, this period is often intercepted by long periods of ovarian quiescence with serious economic consequences. Therefore, the phenomenon of ovarian follicular turnover during early postpartum period (day 12 - 78) was studied in 12 Murrah buffaloes at an organised farm with alternate day transrectal ultrasonography of ovaries. The study revealed that though the dynamic follicular turnover continued in wave pattern during the early PP period, it was largely suppressed. As the postpartum period increased, the mean diameter of DF in a wave also showed significant progressive increase from 7.40±0.44 mm during <30 days pp to 11.02±0.71 mm in > 60 days pp. Yet, only 3/12 buffaloes ovulated during the period, indicating high incidence of postpartum anestrus – as also indicated by basal plasma progesterone profiles. Maximum diameter of the ovulating follicle was 13.03±1.06 mm with growth rate of 0.83±0.05mm/day and interval from wave emergence to ovulation was 14.0±1.6 days. A total of 52 anovulatory waves were recorded with maximum diameter of DF being 10.24±0.26 mm and growth rate of 0.65±0.02 mm/day. Second part of the study involved assessment of two estrus induction protocols – Crestar-eCG and Ovsynch-Plus (eCG-GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH-FTAI) in two groups of anestrus buffaloes with PP intervals of around 2 or 8 months. Crestar treatment initially exerted a suppressive effect on follicular profiles, but implant withdrawal was followed by accelerated follicular growth, aided by eCG administered at implant withdrawal, leading to ovulations in 14/15 treated buffaloes. Ten buffaloes conceived at induced estrus and three more at subsequent inseminations. Ovsynch-Plus treatment was not so successful. Though ovulations were recorded in all treated buffaloes in response to the first GnRH following initial eCG, but some resulting CL were short-lived leading to lower synchrony of ovulations following 2nd GnRH and lower conception rate of 20% (3/15) to fixed timed inseminations. In conclusion, the problem of postpartum anestrus is rampant in buffaloes due to failure of ovulations in DFs, though it can be managed with suitable hormonal therapies like Crestar+eCG.ThesisItem Restricted Follicular dynamics in anestrus Murrah buffaloes during cyclicity induction using ovsynch in different combinations(LUVAS, 2010) Sandeep Kumar; Malik, R.K.Resumption of postpartum ovarian activity is essential for continued cycle of reproduction in order to achieve maximum life time production from milch animals .However , in buffaloes, the reproductive efficiency is mainly impaired by poor estrus expression, long intercalving intervals. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to study the effect of Ovsynch protocol in different combinations in postpartum anestrus Murrah buffaloes during low breeding season. Twenty four true anestrus buffaloes included in the experiment were randomly divided into four equal groups having six animals in each group. Group I was kept as control in which no treatment was administered. Group II received Ovsynch protocol alone where as Ovsynch protocol + CIDR and Ovsynch protocol + Hydroxyprogesterone were administered in group III and IV, respectively. The mean values of total number of follicles varied from 7.50±0.50 to 9.17±0.48, 8.50±0.50 to 12.80±1.56, 8.20±1.20 to 14.00±4.36 and 7.50±0.64 to 10.00±1.58 in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively on different days of examination. The mean values of diameter of ovulatory dominant follicles were 13.70±1.02, 13.03±0.89 and 12.67±0.82 mm in groups II, III and IV, respectively. There was no difference (P>0.05) among treated groups in diameter of ovulatory dominant follicles and second largest/subdominant follicles. The study revealed that the percentage of animals ovulated to both 1st and 2nd GnRH treatments were 83% (5/6), 16% (1/6) and 33% (2/6) in groups II, III and IV, respectively. The percentage of animals maintained CL on day 21 and 30 post A.I. were 66% (4/6), 33% (2/6), 33% (2/6) and 66% (4/6), 16% (1/6), 33% (2/6) in groups II, III and IV, respectively. In response to the Ovysnch treatment in different combinations 83% (5/6), 83% (5/6) and 66% (4/6) animals expressed estrus out of which 100% (5/5), 80% (4/5) and 100% (4/4) animals ovulated in groups II, III and IV, respectively. Out of animals that expressed estrus, 60% (3/5), 20% (1/5) and 0% (0/4) in groups II, III and IV, respectively were confirmed as pregnant using ultrasonography 30 days post A.I and subsequently at 60 days post A.I by rectal palpation. From the present investigation it can be concluded that Ovsynch alone is capable of inducing cyclicity and obtaining satisfactory conception rates in true postpartum anestrus buffaloes in summer season. However, it is suggested to extend the present investigation on large number of animals before final recommendation could be made for field applicationThesisItem Restricted Role of C-AMP on the survivability and acrosomal integrity of frozen-thawed semen of Murrah buffalo-bulls(LUVAS, 2012) Panghal, Sukhbir Singh; Pardeep SinghSemen of six Murrah buffalo bulls was used in this investigation. Approximately 200 mini straws of frozen semen from each bull were taken. On the day of experiment 25-30 straws of a bull’s frozen semen were taken from the cryocan and thawed at 37° C for 30 seconds. After thawing semen was transferred to a 10 ml test tube kept at 37° C. Five small test tubes labeled as control, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 were kept at 37º C in an incubator. In each test tube 900 µl of thawed semen was transferred. In control tube 100 µl of freshly prepared TRIS buffer and in other four tubes 100 µl of C-AMP having concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM/ml respectively was added. All five tubes were kept in incubator whose temperature was maintained at 37º C for three hours. After one hour semen from each tube was evaluated for progressive sperm motility, live and dead spermatozoa, abnormal sperms and spermatozoa with intact acrosomes. On completion of two hours of incubation only progressive sperm motility of semen was evaluated. After three hours semen was again evaluated for progressive sperm motility, live and dead spermatozoa, abnormal sperms and spermatozoa with intact acrosomes. The study revealed that addition of C-AMP.at a concentration of 5mM/ml of frozen thawed semen of buffalo-bulls significantly maintained higher sperm motility at each hours of incubation. Livability of the spermatozoa was also significantly higher at 1st and 3rd hours of incubation with the addition of CAMP at a concentration of 5 mM/ml as compared to control and other concentrations. Spermatozoa with percent intact acrosomes were significantly higher with the addition of 5 mM/ml C-AMP as compared to control and other concentrations at 1st and 3rd hours of incubation. Percent abnormal spermatozoa were significantly less with the addition of different concentration of C-AMP. So it can be concluded from this study that addition of C-AMP at a concentration of 5 mM/ml maintains higher sperm motility, livability and more spermatozoa with intact acrosomes up to three hours of incubation of frozen-thawed semen of Murrah buffalo-bulls.