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Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar
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ThesisItem Open Access Association of immune related genes with clinical mastitis, reproductive disorders and performance traits in Hardhenu cattle(LUVAS Hisar, 2024-04) Pushpa; Magotra,AnkitIn the present study, 1515 lactation records of Hardhenu cattle were screened from 2008 to 2021 to calculate the incidence of clinical mastitis and reproductive disorders. The data of affected animals was collected from treatment register maintained at cattle breeding farm, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana. For genetic profiling (CXCR1 and TLR4 gene) and association studies, blood samples of 181 Hardhenu animals were collected for DNA isolation. Overall incidence rate of 26.80 % and 37.24% were observed for clinical mastitis and reproductive disorder, respectively in our targeted Hardhenu population. Among reproductive disorder, retention of placenta (18.36 %) and repeat breeding (11.19) cases revealed high incidence compared to dystocia (0.60 %), metritis (6.27%), prolapse (0.37 %) and anestrous (0.45 %). Chi-square analysis and Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association (P<0.01) of year with incidence of clinical mastitis and reproductive disorder in our studied population. PCR amplified product of 592 bp was digested with the Bsa1 restriction enzyme to genotype targeted SNP rs211042414 (C>T) at g.106216468 loci of CXCR1 gene. The genotypic and allelic frequencies g.106216468T>C indicated that C allele (0.54) was highest in Hardhenu cattle. PCR amplified product (316bp) of TLR4 gene encompassing partial intron1, exon 2 and partial intron 2 digested with Hinf1 restriction enzyme to screen polymorphism at targeted locig.107062971 revealed all three genotypes in our resource population. The genotypic and allelic frequencies g.107062971A>B indicated highest frequency of A allele (0.93). Chi-square tests showed that mutation at g.107062971A>B loci did not meet with the Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05). Chi-square and logistic regression analysis showed significant association between (p<0.05) the g.106216468 T>C SNP of CXCR1 gene with incidence of clinical mastitis. Animals with CC genotype found to be 3.47 times more susceptible to mastitis compared to TT genotype and with CT genotypes 2.90 times more susceptible to mastitis compared to TT genotype. Chi square analysis also showed a significant association (p<0.05) between g.107062971A>B locus of TLR4 gene and susceptibility to reproductive disorders. Genotype AB found to be more susceptible to reproductive disorders compared to AA. The animals with genotype AA were found to be less susceptible to incidence of reproductive disorder as established by lower value of odd ratio. Parity and period of calving revealed significant association with clinical mastitis and reproductive disorders (p<0.01). Higher odds ratio indicated that animals in the second parity were more prone to clinical mastitis (p<0.01). Incidence of reproductive disorders was found to be highest during the third period (2017-21). Parity, period of calving and season of calving showed a highly significant association (p<0.01) with total milk yield (TMY), 305d MY, peak yield (PY) and Lactation length (LL). All these milk traits were highest in third parity. Period of calving showed a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on LL which is highest during first period (2008-13). Season of calving showed significant association (p<0.01) with TMY and PY. TMY and PY were highest during winter season. Season of calving also revealed significant effect (p<0.05) on AI/Conception. Period of calving showed a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on TMY, 305d MY and PY. All these milk traits were highest during third period (2017-21). These observations on identified polymorphism in CXCR1 and TLR4 gene and their association with studied traits can be incorporated in exiting selection criteria for genetic improvement of targeted traits in Hardhenu cattle. However, validation of results on large number of animals is warranted.ThesisItem Embargo Genetic evaluation of test day milk yield vis-a-vis thermotolerance in murrah buffaloes(LUVAS Hisar, 2023-12) Yadav,Tejwanti; Dhaka, S. S.The present study was conducted on 646 buffaloes maintained at Buffalo Research Centre (BRC) Department of Livestock Production Management, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar over a period of 28 years (1993-2020). The overall least squares means for ten different test days, FLMY and F305DMY were 3.94±0.06, 7.79±0.07, 8.58±0.07, 8.61±0.08, 8.18±0.08, 6.65±0.13, 6.26±0.12, 5.61±0.12, 5.03±0.12, 4.42±0.11, 2273.68±23.41, 2135.72±18.69 in kg/day, respectively. The effect of period of calving was statistically significant (P<0.01) on all test day records (TD1 to TD10 ), FLMY and F305DMY. The season of calving was statistically significant on TD2 , TD3 and TD4. The effect of regression on AFC was statistically significant effect on TD1 TO TD5 and FLMY and F305DMY. The estimates of heritability of various test day milk records ranged from 0.11(TD9) to 0.52 (TD8). Model 1 was best for all the test day milk records except TD6, FLMY and F305DMY where model 2 was adjudged as the best because of maximum likelihood value. The average estimated breeding values for traits viz. TD1, TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, FLMY and F305DMY,were 3.94 kg/day,7.90 kg/day,8.66 kg/day, 8.68 kg/day, 8.30 kg/day, 7.91 kg/day, 7.40 kg/day, 6.73 kg/day, 6.18 kg/day, 5.49 kg/day, 2325.92 kg and 2181.42 kg respectively. The rank correlations between the ranking of the sires calculated among Test Days varied from 0.094 (TD1 and TD2) to 0.691 (TD5 and TD6) whereas product moment correlations varies from 0.072(TD1 and TD2) to 0.692 (TD5 and TD6). Rank correlation between FLMY and test days varies from 0.148 (FLMY and TD1) to 0.668 (FLMY and TD7) while product moment correlation between traits ranged from 0.181 (FLMY and TD1) to 0.667 (FLMY and TD7). Rank correlation between F305DMY and test days varies from 0.225 (F305DMY and TD1) to 0.691 (F305DMY and TD7) while product moment correlation between traits ranged from 0.239 (F305DMY and TD1) to 0.700 (F305DMY and TD5).ThesisItem Embargo Genetic evaluation of test day milk yield vis-a-vis thermotolerance in murrah buffaloes(LUVAS Hisar, 2023-12) Yadav,Tejwanti; Dhaka, S. S.The present study was conducted on 646 buffaloes maintained at Buffalo Research Centre (BRC) Department of Livestock Production Management, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar over a period of 28 years (1993-2020). The overall least squares means for ten different test days, FLMY and F305DMY were 3.94±0.06, 7.79±0.07, 8.58±0.07, 8.61±0.08, 8.18±0.08, 6.65±0.13, 6.26±0.12, 5.61±0.12, 5.03±0.12, 4.42±0.11, 2273.68±23.41, 2135.72±18.69 in kg/day, respectively. The effect of period of calving was statistically significant (P<0.01) on all test day records (TD1 to TD10 ), FLMY and F305DMY. The season of calving was statistically significant on TD2 , TD3 and TD4. The effect of regression on AFC was statistically significant effect on TD1 TO TD5 and FLMY and F305DMY. The estimates of heritability of various test day milk records ranged from 0.11(TD9) to 0.52 (TD8). Model 1 was best for all the test day milk records except TD6, FLMY and F305DMY where model 2 was adjudged as the best because of maximum likelihood value. The average estimated breeding values for traits viz. TD1, TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, FLMY and F305DMY,were 3.94 kg/day,7.90 kg/day,8.66 kg/day, 8.68 kg/day, 8.30 kg/day, 7.91 kg/day, 7.40 kg/day, 6.73 kg/day, 6.18 kg/day, 5.49 kg/day, 2325.92 kg and 2181.42 kg respectively. The rank correlations between the ranking of the sires calculated among Test Days varied from 0.094 (TD1 and TD2) to 0.691 (TD5 and TD6) whereas product moment correlations varies from 0.072(TD1 and TD2) to 0.692 (TD5 and TD6). Rank correlation between FLMY and test days varies from 0.148 (FLMY and TD1) to 0.668 (FLMY and TD7) while product moment correlation between traits ranged from 0.181 (FLMY and TD1) to 0.667 (FLMY and TD7). Rank correlation between F305DMY and test days varies from 0.225 (F305DMY and TD1) to 0.691 (F305DMY and TD7) while product moment correlation between traits ranged from 0.239 (F305DMY and TD1) to 0.700 (F305DMY and TD5).ThesisItem Embargo Genetic evaluation of test day milk yield vis-a-vis thermotolerance in murrah buffaloes(LUVAS,Hisar, 2023-12) Yadav,Tejwanti; Dhaka, S. S.The present study was conducted on 646 buffaloes maintained at Buffalo Research Centre (BRC) Department of Livestock Production Management, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar over a period of 28 years (1993-2020). The overall least squares means for ten different test days, FLMY and F305DMY were 3.94±0.06, 7.79±0.07, 8.58±0.07, 8.61±0.08, 8.18±0.08, 6.65±0.13, 6.26±0.12, 5.61±0.12, 5.03±0.12, 4.42±0.11, 2273.68±23.41, 2135.72±18.69 in kg/day, respectively. The effect of period of calving was statistically significant (P<0.01) on all test day records (TD1 to TD10 ), FLMY and F305DMY. The season of calving was statistically significant on TD2 , TD3 and TD4. The effect of regression on AFC was statistically significant effect on TD1 TO TD5 and FLMY and F305DMY. The estimates of heritability of various test day milk records ranged from 0.11(TD9) to 0.52 (TD8). Model 1 was best for all the test day milk records except TD6, FLMY and F305DMY where model 2 was adjudged as the best because of maximum likelihood value. The average estimated breeding values for traits viz. TD1, TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, FLMY and F305DMY,were 3.94 kg/day,7.90 kg/day,8.66 kg/day, 8.68 kg/day, 8.30 kg/day, 7.91 kg/day, 7.40 kg/day, 6.73 kg/day, 6.18 kg/day, 5.49 kg/day, 2325.92 kg and 2181.42 kg respectively. The rank correlations between the ranking of the sires calculated among Test Days varied from 0.094 (TD1 and TD2) to 0.691 (TD5 and TD6) whereas product moment correlations varies from 0.072(TD1 and TD2) to 0.692 (TD5 and TD6). Rank correlation between FLMY and test days varies from 0.148 (FLMY and TD1) to 0.668 (FLMY and TD7) while product moment correlation between traits ranged from 0.181 (FLMY and TD1) to 0.667 (FLMY and TD7). Rank correlation between F305DMY and test days varies from 0.225 (F305DMY and TD1) to 0.691 (F305DMY and TD7) while product moment correlation between traits ranged from 0.239 (F305DMY and TD1) to 0.700 (F305DMY and TD5ThesisItem Open Access Association of polymorphism in β- LG and κ-CN genes with milk composition traits in Harnali and Munjal Sheep(LUVAS Hisar, 2023-06) Deepak; Magotra, AnkitThe present study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the β-LG and κ- CN genes with milk and udder conformation traits in Harnali and Munjal sheep breeds. A total of 105 Harnali and 34 Munjal sheep were included in the study, and blood samples were collected for DNA isolation and genetic profiling.For the β-LG gene, genotype frequencies in Harnali were 54% (AA), 34% (AB), and 12% (BB), with corresponding allele frequencies of 71% (A) and 29% (B). In Munjal, genotype frequencies were 35% (AA), 24% (AB), and 41% (BB), with allele frequencies of 47% (A) and 53% (B). Combined analysis of both breeds showed genotype frequencies of 51% (AA), 32% (AB), and 16% (BB), with allele frequencies of 67% (A allele) and 33% (B allele).For the κ-CN gene, genotype frequencies in Harnali were 74% (AA), 5% (AB), and 20% (BB), with allele frequencies of 0.77 (A) and 0.23 (B). In Munjal, targeted loci revealed a monomorphic banding pattern, indicating limited genetic variability.The study found that the AA genotype of the β-LG gene was associated with a decline in milk yields over the four-month period, while the AB genotype showed consistent milk yields, and the BB genotype exhibited an increasing trend. The AA genotype had the lowest milk yields, while the AB genotype had the highest total milk yield (p < 0.05). The AA genotype also showed a gradual increase in fat percentage over the four-month period, while the AB and BB genotypes had relatively consistent fat percentages. Protein percentages showed an increasing trend in the AA genotype, while the AB and BB genotypes had similar protein percentages (p < 0.05). The SNF content varied among genotypes, with the AA genotype showing fluctuations. Density values and lactose percentages showed slight variations among genotypes (p < 0.05).Regarding udder conformation traits, the genotype of the β-LG gene had a significant effect, but the significance varied across different months. The κ-CN gene genotype showed a significant influence on both monthly milk yield and total milk yield, as well as a significant association with fat percentage for the AA and BB genotypes. The AA genotype exhibited increasing fat percentages over the four-month period, while the BB genotype had higher fat percentages overall. The genotypes of the κ-CN gene were significantly associated with udder circumference (UC), udder width (UW), and teat length left (TLL), with variations observed across different months (p < 0.05). Age at lambing and weight at lambing showed significant associations with milk traits (p < 0.05) and litter weight (p < 0.01). Breed also had significant impacts on certain traits, such as first-month protein percentage, udder width and udder height (p < 0.05).The study employed different prediction methods, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Bayesian (BT), and Multiple Regression (MR), to assess the accuracy of predicting milk yield. The ANN method exhibited the highest correlation coefficient (r value) of 0.84, indicating the strongest predictive accuracy for milk yield. The BT method achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.77, while the MR method had a correlation coefficient of 0.64. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the genetic factors influencing milk composition traits in Harnali and Munjal sheep. The study highlights the potential implications for selective breeding and management practices in the sheep industry, aiming to improve milk yield and composition through genetic selection.ThesisItem Open Access Association of polymorphism in β- LG and κ-CN genes with milk composition traits in Harnali and Munjal Sheep(LUVAS Hisar, 2023-06) Deepak; Magotra, AnkitThe present study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the β-LG and κ- CN genes with milk and udder conformation traits in Harnali and Munjal sheep breeds. A total of 105 Harnali and 34 Munjal sheep were included in the study, and blood samples were collected for DNA isolation and genetic profiling.For the β-LG gene, genotype frequencies in Harnali were 54% (AA), 34% (AB), and 12% (BB), with corresponding allele frequencies of 71% (A) and 29% (B). In Munjal, genotype frequencies were 35% (AA), 24% (AB), and 41% (BB), with allele frequencies of 47% (A) and 53% (B). Combined analysis of both breeds showed genotype frequencies of 51% (AA), 32% (AB), and 16% (BB), with allele frequencies of 67% (A allele) and 33% (B allele).For the κ-CN gene, genotype frequencies in Harnali were 74% (AA), 5% (AB), and 20% (BB), with allele frequencies of 0.77 (A) and 0.23 (B). In Munjal, targeted loci revealed a monomorphic banding pattern, indicating limited genetic variability.The study found that the AA genotype of the β-LG gene was associated with a decline in milk yields over the four-month period, while the AB genotype showed consistent milk yields, and the BB genotype exhibited an increasing trend. The AA genotype had the lowest milk yields, while the AB genotype had the highest total milk yield (p < 0.05). The AA genotype also showed a gradual increase in fat percentage over the four-month period, while the AB and BB genotypes had relatively consistent fat percentages. Protein percentages showed an increasing trend in the AA genotype, while the AB and BB genotypes had similar protein percentages (p < 0.05). The SNF content varied among genotypes, with the AA genotype showing fluctuations. Density values and lactose percentages showed slight variations among genotypes (p < 0.05).Regarding udder conformation traits, the genotype of the β-LG gene had a significant effect, but the significance varied across different months. The κ-CN gene genotype showed a significant influence on both monthly milk yield and total milk yield, as well as a significant association with fat percentage for the AA and BB genotypes. The AA genotype exhibited increasing fat percentages over the four-month period, while the BB genotype had higher fat percentages overall. The genotypes of the κ-CN gene were significantly associated with udder circumference (UC), udder width (UW), and teat length left (TLL), with variations observed across different months (p < 0.05). Age at lambing and weight at lambing showed significant associations with milk traits (p < 0.05) and litter weight (p < 0.01). Breed also had significant impacts on certain traits, such as first-month protein percentage, udder width and udder height (p < 0.05).The study employed different prediction methods, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Bayesian (BT), and Multiple Regression (MR), to assess the accuracy of predicting milk yield. The ANN method exhibited the highest correlation coefficient (r value) of 0.84, indicating the strongest predictive accuracy for milk yield. The BT method achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.77, while the MR method had a correlation coefficient of 0.64. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the genetic factors influencing milk composition traits in Harnali and Munjal sheep. The study highlights the potential implications for selective breeding and management practices in the sheep industry, aiming to improve milk yield and composition through genetic selection. Student Major Advisor HeadThesisItem Open Access Association of polymorphism in β- LG and κ-CN genes with milk composition traits in Harnali and Munjal Sheep(2023-06) Deepak; Magotra, AnkitThe present study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the β-LG and κ- CN genes with milk and udder conformation traits in Harnali and Munjal sheep breeds. A total of 105 Harnali and 34 Munjal sheep were included in the study, and blood samples were collected for DNA isolation and genetic profiling.For the β-LG gene, genotype frequencies in Harnali were 54% (AA), 34% (AB), and 12% (BB), with corresponding allele frequencies of 71% (A) and 29% (B). In Munjal, genotype frequencies were 35% (AA), 24% (AB), and 41% (BB), with allele frequencies of 47% (A) and 53% (B). Combined analysis of both breeds showed genotype frequencies of 51% (AA), 32% (AB), and 16% (BB), with allele frequencies of 67% (A allele) and 33% (B allele).For the κ-CN gene, genotype frequencies in Harnali were 74% (AA), 5% (AB), and 20% (BB), with allele frequencies of 0.77 (A) and 0.23 (B). In Munjal, targeted loci revealed a monomorphic banding pattern, indicating limited genetic variability.The study found that the AA genotype of the β-LG gene was associated with a decline in milk yields over the four-month period, while the AB genotype showed consistent milk yields, and the BB genotype exhibited an increasing trend. The AA genotype had the lowest milk yields, while the AB genotype had the highest total milk yield (p < 0.05). The AA genotype also showed a gradual increase in fat percentage over the four-month period, while the AB and BB genotypes had relatively consistent fat percentages. Protein percentages showed an increasing trend in the AA genotype, while the AB and BB genotypes had similar protein percentages (p < 0.05). The SNF content varied among genotypes, with the AA genotype showing fluctuations. Density values and lactose percentages showed slight variations among genotypes (p < 0.05).Regarding udder conformation traits, the genotype of the β-LG gene had a significant effect, but the significance varied across different months. The κ-CN gene genotype showed a significant influence on both monthly milk yield and total milk yield, as well as a significant association with fat percentage for the AA and BB genotypes. The AA genotype exhibited increasing fat percentages over the four-month period, while the BB genotype had higher fat percentages overall. The genotypes of the κ-CN gene were significantly associated with udder circumference (UC), udder width (UW), and teat length left (TLL), with variations observed across different months (p < 0.05). Age at lambing and weight at lambing showed significant associations with milk traits (p < 0.05) and litter weight (p < 0.01). Breed also had significant impacts on certain traits, such as first-month protein percentage, udder width and udder height (p < 0.05).The study employed different prediction methods, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Bayesian (BT), and Multiple Regression (MR), to assess the accuracy of predicting milk yield. The ANN method exhibited the highest correlation coefficient (r value) of 0.84, indicating the strongest predictive accuracy for milk yield. The BT method achieved a correlation coefficient of 0.77, while the MR method had a correlation coefficient of 0.64. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the genetic factors influencing milk composition traits in Harnali and Munjal sheep. The study highlights the potential implications for selective breeding and management pracThesisItem Restricted Identification of point mutation in GH and CAST genes and their association with growth traits of sheep(Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 2023-09) SUNIL KUMAR; SUNIL KUMAR; SUNIL KUMAR; . YADAV, A. S.; . YADAV, A. S.; . YADAV, A. S.The present study was carried out on 184 sheep (138 Harnali and 46 Munjal) maintained in the Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana to study the polymorphism in GH and CAST genes and its association with performance and body conformation traits. One set of primers each for targeted regions of GH and CAST gene was used. The PCR product of 422 bp size of the GH gene was amplified encompassing exon 2 and 3 in Harnali and Munjal sheep. The PCR product was digested with HaeIII restriction enzyme for detection of SNP. The digested products revealed presence of two genotypes i.e. AA and AB in the studied population. Candidate A>G mutation (A781G) was observed in our targeted sheep population. AA genotype was found to be the predominant genotype in both Harnali (0.62) and Munjal (0.96). Chi square value revealed that Harnali sheep population with respect to target locus was not under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Exon and intron regions from a portion of the first repetitive domain of the CAST gene were amplified to a product of 622 bp and after digestion with Msp1 revealed monomorphic pattern in both Harnali and Munjal sheep. Period of birth was found to have significant effect on W-WT, 9M-WT and Y WT, BL, BH and PG in Harnali sheep and on 9M-WT, AGFW, HG and PG in Munjal sheep. Sex of lamb was found to have significant (P<0.05) effect on W-WT and highly significant (P<0.01) effect on 6M-WT, 9M-WT, Y-WT and AGFW in Harnali sheep. Sex of lamb showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect on 6M-WT, 9M-WT and Y-WT Munjal too. In Harnali sheep, Dam’s weight at lambing had highly significant (P<0.01) influence on all performance traits viz., B-WT, W-WT, 6M-WT, 9M-WT, Y-WT and AGFW and significant effect on BL and HG. In Munjal, Dam’s weight at lambing was having positive but non significant influence on all the performance traits. The breeding values of growth traits ranging -2.494 to 1.912 kg and -2.999 to 4.447 kg in Harnali and Munjal sheep, respectively indicated variability between the genetic worth of different individuals for growth traits. Effect of genotype was found to be significant (P<0.05) on annual grease fleece weight. AB genotype animals had significantly higher AGFW than those having AA genotype. AB genotype was found to be associated with higher annual grease fleece weight and can be used as potential candidate marker in selection criteria for improving grease fleece weight in Harnali sheep.ThesisItem Restricted Genetic evaluation of performance and disposal traits in Indian dairy cattle(Lala lajpat rai university Hisar, 2022-11) Yadav, Devesh Kumar; Malik, Z.S.The present investigation was planned to evaluate the disposal and performance traits in Hardhenu and Sahiwal cattle. The data of 2593 Hardhenu animals born to 102 Sires and 790 dams and 620 Sahiwal animals born to 35 sires and 188 dams were recorded for disposal pattern over a period of 25 years (1996 to 2020) in Hardhenu cattle and 14 years (2007 to 2020) for Sahiwal cattle. In Hardhenu cattle, 1474 (56.85 %), 313 (12.07 %), 504 (19.44 %), and 302 (11.65 %) animals were auctioned, sold, died and not-disposed, respectively. Similarly in Sahiwal cattle, 278 (44.84 %), 75 (12.10 %), 69 (11.13 %), and 198 (31.94 %) animals were sold, auctioned, died, and not disposed,respectively during the study period. The cumulative mortality in Hardhenu calves from birth to different age groups S1 (0-3M), S2 (0-6M) and S3 (0-12M) was found to be 10.22, 12.88 and 14.65%, respectively. However, for Sahiwal calves‘ mortality from birth to different age groups S1 (0-3M), S2 (0-6M) and S3 (0-12M) was found to be 6.13, 6.94 and 7.74%, respectively. Female calves had lower odds of death as compared to male calves and odds of death were maximum for calves born in rainy season in both the studied population. The major causes of calf mortality were respiratory and digestive (26.8% to 30.2%) in Hardhenu calves. However, respiratory (26.3%) in Sahiwal calves. Heritability for S1, S2 and S3 for Hardhenu calves were 0.14±0.11, 0.22±0.16 and 0.24 ± 0.19, respectively. However, for Sahiwal calves‘ heritability for S1 was estimated as 0.29±0.22. The data for performance production traits were collected from the history cum pedigree sheets of 445 Hardhenu animals born to 59 sires and 227 dams and 130 Sahiwal animals born to 18 sires and 71 dams, respectively.Least-squares analysis revealed significant effect (P<0.01) of period of calving (POC), on first lactation milk yield (FLMY), 300 days milk yield (FLMY300), first peak yield (FPY), total lactation milk yield (TLMY) in both the population. Least-squares means for FLMY, FLMY300, FLL, FPY, TLMY, AFS, AFC, FSP, FCI and FDP were 2665.68 ± 45.66(kg), 2425.52 ± 34.41(kg), 312.95 ± 3.83(days), 11.52 ± 0.15(kg), 9282.44±167.03 (kg), 957.58 ± 10.29(days), 1238.23 ± 9.23(days), 153.19 ± 5.54(days), 433.06± 5.64(days), and 111.77±4.56 (days), respectively in Hardhenu cattle. Similarly for Sahiwal cattle least square means for FLMY, FLMY300, FLL, FPY, TLMY, AFS, AFC, FSP, FCI and FDP were 1969.23 ± 57.20 (kg), 1921.68 ± 51.76 (kg), 254.59 ± 5.17(days), 9.49± 0.21(kg), 6563.33±256.98 (kg), 998.82 ± 116.93 (days), 1277.41 ± 17.88 (days), 165.49 ± 9.68(days), 455.08±9.78(days) and 209.30±9.64 (days), respectively.On the basis of likelihood ratio test (LRT) model 1 was found as best fitted model for all the performance traits for both the studied population, except FLL trait in Sahiwal cattle for which model 4 was considered as best fitted model. Direct heritability (h2 ) for for FLMY, FLMY300, FLL, FPY, TLMY, AFS, AFC, FSP, FCI and FDP was estimated as 0.34,0.41,0.03, 0.37, 0.16, 0.15, 0.11, 0.12, 0.17, 0.18, respectively in Hardhenu cattle. However, the direct heritabilitiy (h2 ) estimate for FLMY, FLMY300, FLL, FPY, TLMY, AFS, AFC, FSP, FCI and FDP was found as 0.28, 0.30, 0.30, 0.21,0.21,0.10, 0.15, 0.12, 0.15 and 0.13, respectively for Sahiwal population.Estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations among production traits were positive in both populations. Genetic and phenotypic trends indicated that there are positive trends over the years in both the studied population.
