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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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201720
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End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION DURING ANAESTHESIA IN DOGS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-08-27) Rohit Kumar; Adarsh Kumar
    The study was undertaken to clinically standardize the positive pressure ventilation with anaesthesia in clinical settings. The study was designed as prospective clinical trials carried out on 20 client owned dogs divided into two groups which were designated as group ATRA (Atracurium) and group VECU (Vecuronium) with 10 dogs in each group. A total of 7 ophthalmic and 3 orthopedic procedures were performed under IPPV in ATRA group and 6 ophthalmic and 4 orthopedic procedures in VECU group. Animals of both ATRA and VECU groups received Inj. Butorphanol @0.2 mg/kg b.wt. I/M followed 30 minutes later with Inj. Atropine sulphate @0.04 mg/kg b.wt. S/C. Ten minutes later, premedication with Inj. Diazepam @0.5 mg/kg b.wt. I/V followed by Inj. Propofol "till effect" I/V for induction of surgical anaesthesia. Following induction, the animal was maintained on Isoflurane. After stabilizing the animals on isoflurane for five minutes, the muscle relaxation was induced using Inj. Atracurium @0.5 mg/kg b.wt. I/V in ATRA group and Inj. Vecuronium @0.1 mg/kg b.wt. I/V in VECU group and the animals were shifted to the volume controlled IPPV mode of the ventilator with the settings as respiration rate at 15 breaths per minute, tidal volume at 10 ml/kg b.wt. and inspiratory to expiratory ratio of 1:2. The eye ball deviated to ventromedial position after the induction with diazepam and propofol but resumed the central position within 30 seconds of atracurium and vecuronium administration, thus proving highly beneficial for the globe and corneal interventions. The muscle relaxation facilitated easy manipulations in the orthopedic procedures. The atracurium provided muscle relaxation for 40.1 ± 4.71 minutes and vecuronium provided muscle relaxation for 37.7 ± 1.01 minutes. The IPPV with NMBA had isoflurane sparing effect. Both the combinations with Atracurium and Vecuronium along with IPPV minimally altered the physiological parameters without any clinical consequences, thus can be considered complication free anaesthesia for procedures necessitating muscle relaxations.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A STUDY ON THE EXTERNAL SKELETAL FIXATION OF FRACTURES IN ANIMALS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-12-18) Singh, Hardilwerpreet; Tyagi, S. P.
    The present study was undertaken for standardization and clinical application of External Skeletal Fixation (ESF) techniques in animals. In the first phase of study, different ESF configurations was standardized on osteotomized bovine cadavers and canine artificial bones. In the second phase, the standardized ESF configurations were applied on seventeen bones of sixteen animals that included ten bovines, four canine and two equine patients presented for fixation of different kinds of fractures or corrective osteotomies. Among these, nine patients belonged to juvenile age-group, four to adult and three to senile categories. The involved bones were radius ulna, metacarpal, femur, tibia and mandibles. The fractures were open type in six and closed type in seven instances. The fracture healing and the status of ESF constructs were evaluated on the basis of various clinical, orthopaedic and radiological observations at different time intervals. It was found out that both linear and circular ESFs could be used successfully for fixation of a variety of fractures and osteotomies in small as well as large animals. The strength of the ESF construct was directly proportional to the complexity of its design mainly dictated by the number of transfixation pins and the side bars or rings. Circular ESF configuration was strongest followed by type III and type II linear ESF constructs but its application was relatively cumbersome. 2.5 mm transfixation pins for small animals and 4.0 mm pins for large animals were found to be strong enough to support the ESF-bone constructs. Centrally-threaded Denham pins and end-threaded Schanz screws provided better hold in the bone than the smooth pins. Minimum two transfixation pins per major fracture fragment were considered essential for stabilizing the ESF constructs satisfactorily. 3.2 mm side bars for average sized dogs and 7.9 mm for small sized equine were adequate to support the linear ESF constructs. The rings with 120-180 diameter with 6 mm threaded rods were found to be suitable to construct circular ESF for large bovines. The carbon fibre rings were radiolucent allowing better radiographic evaluation of the fracture site postoperatively than the stainless steel rings.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CORNEAL AND UVEAL AFFECTIONS IN ANIMALS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-27) MASTAKAR, NIKITA VIVEK; Tyagi, S. P.
    The study was done to record the regional occurrence of ocular affections in animals and to analyse their diagnosis and therapeutic management with special reference to corneal and uveal affections. The study was done at Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Palampur from August, 2015 to March, 2017. The overall regional incidence of ocular cases in animals was recorded to be 11.05 per cent with highest incidence in dogs (12.47%) followed by equine (12.34%), bovine (7.65%) and other species (7.31%). Among the corneal affections, keratitis (43.95%) and among the uveal affections, the anterior uveitis (64.51%) were the most frequently seen conditions in animals. Different types of medicinal and surgical managements tailored for individual case were undertaken mostly with success. Majority of keratitis can be successfully treated by combinations of topical antibiotics, steroid, cycloplegic and lacrimomimetic, sub conjunctival steroid with systemic antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Pannus and pigmentary keratitis can be controlled with long term use of topical Prednisolone and cyclosporine. Combination of topical corticosteroid along with antibiotic and cycloplegic agent in uncomplicated cases of anterior uveitis relieve the symptoms. Superficial lamellar keratectomy for dermoid and pigmentary keratitis, parotid duct transposition for refractory KCS, conjunctival grafting for deep corneal ulcers and staphyloma, medial canthoplasty for macropalpebral fissure and tarsoconjunctival flap resection for distichia removal were successful in definite treatment of respective conditions. Soft contact bandage lenses were found useful as an adjunct therapy in condition of ulcer and after performing lamellar superficial keratectomy.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DETECTION OF BUFFALO SPECIES IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS EMPLOYING SEROLOGICAL AND DNA BASED TECHNIQUES
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-10-16) Kashyap, Ishan; Khurana, S. K.
    The aim of the present study was evaluation of serological and DNA based methods for detection of buffalo meat adulteration in meat and meat products. The AGID and buffalo specific PCR assay using two primer pair based on mitochondrial d-loop and 16S rRNA was employed for detection of buffalo species successfully. The serological methods i.e. AGID, the proteins were extracted from different tissues and then utilized for immunization into rabbit to produce antibodies. Antibodies were reacted for antigen detection using agarose gel immunodiffusion. The results showed serological assay can detect presence of buffalo proteins after extraction and react optimally at a distance of about 7-15 mm. However, further more and specific studies are required for immunological based study for final conclusion for authentic detection of buffalo meat. The buffalo species PCR assay was found to be specific and authentic for detection of buffalo meat adulteration in meat and meat products processed under different processing and heating conditions without any effect in less than 1 percent level of admixing with other meat species used in this study. The PCR assay were found to be specific and repeatable each and every time and can be useful tool for quality assurance of food products containing meat as ingredients. The market survey and laboratory analysis based on the buffalo specific PCR assay revealed that no adulteration of meat and meat products with buffalo species during the study periods.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON IN VIVO EFFECT OF PLANT BASED EXTRACT AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLOSIS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-06-29) Gautam, Hemlata; Asrani, R.K.
    The present study was planned with a view to observe the effects of methanolic extract of roots of the plant Saussurea lappa on growth, mortality, clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes in mice infected with a local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 4,12:i:1,2.The LD50 dose of S. Typhimurium was determined in a pilot experiment which was found to be 1.35x103 cfu ml-1.Two hundred mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, Group 1:plain control, Group 2: plant control with methanolic extract of Saussurea lappa @2000mg, Group 3: S. Typhimurium infection alone, Group 4: S. Typhimurium infection with Ciprofloxacin @200mg/kg, Group 5: S. Typhimurium infection with plant extract @200mg, Group 6: S. Typhimurium infection and plant extract @1000mg, Group7: S. Typhimurium infection and plant extract @2000mg.The mice in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 served as control. The methanolic extract of Saussurea lappa was given in drinking water to mice, 4 days before the infection and continued up to 10th of experiment. Results of the present study showed that mice of S. Typhimurium infected group exhibited clinical signs of ruffled hair coat, laboured breathing, staggering gait, hunched position, soiled anal area, soft faeces, reluctant to move and discharge from the eyes. ALT activity was found to increase, whereas total protein and albumin concentration decreased in all the infected groups as compared to the control groups. Values of creatinine was non-significantly different except in Ciprofloxacin group at 7DPI. Biochemical parameters in case of the combination groups were lower as compared to the plain infection group. Grossly group 3 animal showed hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis, liver paleness and splenomegaly. However, in the combination groups the gross lesions of less intensity were observed. Microscopically, the liver of the mice of group 3 revealed severe necrotic foci, inflammatory cell infiltration, dilatation of sinusoids, vacuolar changes and increased cytoplasmic granularity. Similarly, in this group spleen showed congestion, necrotic foci, lymphoid depletion, granulocyte infiltration and RE cell hyperplasia. At 3 and 7 DPI, maximum lesions intensity scores were obtained. Similar changes were noticed in the combination groups (group 5, 6 and 7), but the changes were less severe in intensity as compared to the plain S. Typhimurium infected group. Histopathologically liver and spleen showed preservation of hepatocytes and hepatic cord structure and white pulp hyperplasia in plant treated groups indicated its antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effect. S. Typhimurium found to be highly pathogenic and produced significant hepatic lesion in mice model during in vivo experimentation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    DEVELOPMENT OF INTRAMEDULLARY INTERLOCKING NAIL FOR BOVINE TIBIA
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-11-23) Tejender Kumar; Tyagi, S. P.
    The present study was conducted to record the regional occurrence of long bone fractures in large animals, standardization of the technique of IILN in bovine tibia, designing a better anatomically contoured interlocking nail (AC ILN) and the in-vitro biomechanical evaluation of ILNs, and different bone-ILN constructs. The study over a period of 17 months revealed the regional incidence of long bone fractures as 12.87 % in cattle, 12.82 % in buffaloes and 23.33 % in equine with ‘fall from a height’ being the most common cause of fractures and the tibia in bovine and radius ulna in equine being the most common bone affected. Sex-wise, the overall incidences of fractures were higher in males (24.44 %) and age-wise, in juveniles (16.42 %) though the distribution of fractures were significantly more in females (81.03%). The technique of IILN was standardized on dry and freshly harvested intact and osteotomized bovine cadaveric tibial bones. The most suitable point of insertion of ILN in bovine tibial bone, the maximum lengths and widths of ILN that can be inserted in the bones and the most suitable direction of interlocking bolts were ascertained. As the study revealed unsuitability of thicker straight ILNs in maintaining normal anatomical alignment of osteotomized tibial bones, a better fitting AC ILN was designed and successfully utilized. The study revealed that an AC ILN with a single 80 cranio-caudal angle, 11 cm away from its distal end is the most suitable design for maintaining the osteotomized adult bovine tibial bones in the normal anatomic alignment. The biomechanical tests on straight and AC ILNs and different bone-ILN constructs revealed that 11 mm AC ILNs fixed using 6.0 mm interlocking bolts are better than straight using 6.0 mm bolts or AC ILNs fixed with 4.9 mm bolts as these provide significantly higher biomechanical strengt
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE COMMONLY OCCURRING DISEASES IN BOVINE CALVES
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-11-06) Mahajan, Shagun; Patil, R.D.
    The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the etiolpathology responsible for bovine calf mortality in Himachal Pradesh. A total of 41 nasal swabs and 185 faecal samples were collected from dead, clinically sick and non-clinical (healthy) animals. Necropsy of 30 calves (17 Males, 13 Females) of various age groups (< 1M, 1- 3M, 3-6M, 6-9M and 9-12M) was performed during August, 2015 to April, 2016. The pneumo-enteritis was the major cause of death in 63% of calves. Grossly,out of 30 calves, 8(26.6%), 8 (26.6%), 3 (10%) and 4 (13.3%) calves showed bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary congestion and pulmonary congestion and edema respectively. However, 2(6.67 %) and 20 (66.7%) animals showed haemorrhagic enteritis and catarrhal enteritis respectively. Histopathologically, in bronchopneumonia cases, the bronchioles and the alveolar lumen were filled with polymorphonuclear cells. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the lungs showing sub-acute to chronic abscesses, whereas, in interstitial pneumonia thickening of inter-alveolar septa due to mononuclearcells infiltration, hyperplasia of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium with peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphoid proliferation. Intestine revealed presence of macroschizonts and microschizonts of coccidian with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Shortening and fusion of villi, desquamation and sloughing of villi, apoptosis and necrosis with infiltration of inflammatory cells in mucosa and submucosa indicative of viral induced enteritis.The serotype (O7, 088 and O118) were isolated from necropsy cases and major parasite wasEimeriabovis(28 % in clinically sick, 17.55 % in healthy and 3.44 % in dead calves) followed by Strongyloides eggs (20.6 % in dead and 3.81% in healthycalves) and Neoascaris vitulorum (8%) in clinically sick calves. This is also suggestive that parasitism is also responsible for playing important role in calf mortality.Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Gentamicin and Oxytetracycline was the most resistant drug. The present study revealed that pneumo-enteritis is the major cause of calf mortality with its peak occurrence at 6-9 months of age group.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF A CANDIDATE GNP-APRV2 FOOTROT NANOVACCINE IN MICE
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017) Srivastva, Pratiksha; Verma, Subhash
    Footrot is one of the most important diseases of small ruminants worldwide. It is a chronic debilitating disease causing separation of hoof leading to severe lameness. Dichelobacter nodosus, a multi-serogroup gram negative anaerobic rod is principal causative agent of footrot. Disease causes heavy loss to sheep industries every year in terms of expenditure incurred in treatment programs, however treatment is of limited value so focus is shifted towards prophylactic immunisation. Currently available footrot vaccines provide only serogroup-specific immunity. Acidic serine protease (Aprv2) secreted by virulent D. nodosus can serve as a better vaccine candidate as it is conserved in all the 10 serogroups. Gold nanoparticles have been proved to possess great potential as antigen carrier and adjuvant, therefore in this study, a candidate gold nanoparticle-AprV2 vaccine was evaluated against footrot in mice. Recombinant AprV2 was expressed and purified followed by its adsorbtion over the surface of gold nanoparticles (18-20nm). Five groups consisting of 10 mice in each group were administered with three doses of GNP-AprV2 nanovaccine, GNP-AprV2 nanovaccine with MPLA, AprV2, GNP and PBS, respectively at a fortnight interval to evaluate the immune response by measuring IgG levels. GNP AprV2-nanovaccine induced higher IgG responses in comparison to AprV2 and MPLA adjuvanted GNP-AprV2 nanovaccine when measured at 45 days. However, the level of IgG were higher for MPLA at earlier time points (14 & 28 days).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATIONS ON BOVINE CUTANEOUS PAPILLOMATOSIS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-07-20) Sultan, Tahir; Wadhwa, Des Raj
    The present work was conducted with the objective to study the prevalence of Bovine Cutaneous Papillomatosis, clinical appraisal of affected animals, efficacy of different therapeutic measures and to formulate strategic therapy against bovine cutaneous papillomatosis. The prevalence of bovine papillomatosis was recorded as 6.52 per cent in a total of 429 animals screened. The disease was more prevalent in the age group of 1 to 3 years (58.89%). Crossbred cattle were mostly affected particularly Jersey cross cattle (72.22%). The incidence was highest in females (98.88%). The affected cattle were either heifers (41.57%) or in their first lactation (34.83%). Teats were affected in maximum cases (85.55%). Warts on other body parts were present in 28.88 per cent cases, which include warts on face, muzzle, periorbital area, neck, shoulder, ventral abdomen, perineal region, fore and hind limbs. Warts were mostly of moderate (37.77%) or mild severity (35.55%), upto 1 cm in size (86.66%) and cauliflower (35.55%), ricegrain (22.22%) or flat (12.22%) shaped. Most warts were sessile in nature (47.77%), rough surfaced (63.33%) and brown (36.66%), grey (22.22%) or black (21.11%) coloured. Histopathologically, the wart tissues were classified as Papilloma and Fibropapilloma. Combined use of Anthiomaline, Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole was more efficacious (72.22%) than combination of Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole (54.54%). Autogenous wart vaccination was effective in 75 per cent cases while Ivermectin was effective only in 20 per cent cases. On the basis of these observations, it is advised to use either combination of Anthiomaline, Autohaemotherapy and Levamisole or Autogenous wart vaccine for the treatment of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.