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Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur

Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (renamed as Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in June, 2001) was established on 1st November, 1978.The College of Agriculture (established in May, 1966) formed the nucleus of the new farm University. It is ICAR accredited and ISO 9001:2015 certified institution. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has ranked this University at eleventh place among all farm universities of the country. The University has been given the mandate for making provision for imparting education in agriculture and other allied branches of learning, furthering the advancement of learning and prosecution of research and undertaking extension of such sciences, especially to the rural people of Himachal Pradesh. Over the years, this University has contributed significantly in transforming the farm scenario of Himachal Pradesh. It has developed human resources, varieties and technologies and transferred these to farming community enabling the State to receive the “Krishikarman award” of Govt. of India four times in row for food grain production among small states of the country. Today, the State has earned its name for hill agricultural diversification and the farming community has imposed its faith in the University.

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2017 - 20195
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Subject: Veterinary Pathology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.V.Sc. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PATHOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN BOVINE CALVES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON BOVINE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS AND PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS INFECTION.
    (CSK HPKV, Palampur, 2019-07-23) Sameeksha; Gupta, V.K.
    The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the factors responsible for respiratory diseases in bovine calves during April, 2018 to May, 2019. A total 210 nasal swabs were collected from the necropsy (18), clinically sick (130) and apparently healthy calves (62). Besides, 24 tracheal and 12 lung swabs from necropsy cases were also collected. 33 calves were examined at necropsy. Pneumonia was recorded in all 33(100%) calves and was considered an important contributor to death. Out of 33 cases, gross lesions suggestive of bronchopneumonia seen in 7/33 (21.2%), interstitial pneumonia in 4/33 (12.1%) and bronchointerstitial pneumonia in 22 (66.7%). Bronchointerstitial pneumonia revealed mixed characteristic features of suppurative bronchopneumonia and interstitial pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 30.3 % of the clinical samples. E. coli comprised 23.6% of the isolates in necropsy. Bacterial isolates seen in nasal tract were different from the bacterial isolates obtained from lungs / trachea. Single bacterial infection was detected in 51.5% (17/33) cases and polymicrobial infection in 45.5% (15/33) cases. Total 41 lung tissues from necropsy and 104 nasal samples from clinical cases were screened for BRSV using RT-PCR with glycoprotein gene (246bp) primers and showed overall prevalence of 50.4%. BRSV infected lung showed consolidation at the cranioventral and fibrinous pleuritis with range of changes in airways histopathologically multinucleated syncytial cells was seen. Total of 145 cases were screened for BPIV-3 using RT-PCR, no sample was found positive for primer having HN gene. In necropsy, most frequent E.coli pathotype categories were found to be enterotoxigenic (80%) & enteroaggregative (80%). In clinically sick cases frequent pathotype categories found were enterotoxigenic (63.6%). Four (33.3%) of Citrobacter freundii isolates were pathogenic with shiga toxin on PCR analysis. 17.9% Staphylococcus aureus and 15.4% Staphylococcus epidermidis were recorded as pathogenic. Male and female calves showed 20/33 (60.7%) and 13/33 (39.4%) mortalities respectively. Maximum mortality was recorded in <1 M (42.2%) old calves. Most number of deaths were recorded during the summer (36.4%) season. Combination of molecular detection (PCR) along with clinical, gross & histopathology helped in better confirmatory diagnosis of BRSV infection in calves. The present study concluded co-infection of bacterial and BRSV in respiratory infection of young calves.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE PATHOLOGY OF NEOPLASM IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS.
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-07) Masand, Rupali; Patil, R.D.
    The present work was conducted to study the pathomorphological changes of animal neoplasms by using cytological, gross and histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. A total of ninety-six (96) tumor cases were collected during September, 2017 to June, 2019. The incidence of neoplasms was highest in canines (71.87%) followed by the bovines (16.67%), rabbits (7.2%), equines (2.08%) and caprine (1.04%). The maximum incidence of neoplasms occurred in the age group of 3-6 years (28.12%) and the incidence was highest during summer (31.25%) followed by winter (25%), monsoon (23.45%) and spring (19%) season. Benign tumors (53.12%) were higher than malignant tumors (46.87%). Location wise highest occurrence of neoplasms was recorded in mammary gland (20.33%) followed by oral region (18.75%), genitalia (11.45%). On basis of cytology, tumors of epithelial origin were 58.04%, mesenchymal origin 32.25% and round cell tumor 9.6%. Canine mammary tumors (18.84%) were found to be most frequently recorded tumors followed by squamous cell carcinoma (13.04%). Histopathological examination of papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, Fibroma, fibrosarcoma, haemangioma, haemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, melanocytoma, malignant melanoma, sebaceous adenoma, mammary adenoma and adenocarcinoma, mixed mammary tumor, solid carcinoma of mammary gland, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, malignant renal cell carcinoma, Sertoli cell tumor, cystic papillary carcinoma revealed charecteristic benign and malignant features. Histochemical staining such as Masson’s trichrome, Van Gieson’s, Toluidine blue and Schmorl's confirmed the tumors as fibroma or fibrosarcoma, leiomyoma, mast cell tumors and melanocytoma or malignant melanoma, respectively. Silver stained nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)count showed significantly higher count in malignant than benign tumors. Amongst malignant tumor, the highest AgNOR count was found in cholangiocellular carcinoma (6.89±2.00) followed by fibrosarcoma of mammary gland (6.64±2.47) and least in haemagiosarcoma (2.96±1.25). Immunohistochemical studies in tumor for the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53 and H-ras found to have diagnostic value and supported the hisopathological observations of tumors in animals. Further, TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was found to be useful for determining the role of apoptosis in different animal neoplasms.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INVESTIGATION ON PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MEDICINAL PLANT(S) AGAINST HEPATIC DAMAGE IN RATS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2019-02-08) Sharma, Rakshita; Asrani, R.K.
    The present study was planned with a view to observe the In-vitro cytotoxicity of 70% ethanolic extract of plant Saussurea lappa, Phyllanthus urinaria, Rheum webbianum, Artemisia nilagirica and Zingiber crysanthum on A549, KB and SiHA cell lines. Extracts were screened for the presence of various polyphenols and main bioactive compounds of respective plant. The plant extract from 3 plants namely Phyllanthus urinaria, Saussurea lappa and Rheum webbianum was used in combination (1:2:2) to study the growth response, mortality, clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes against DEN induced hepatic damage in rats. Acute toxicity was studied in 6 rats. For final experimentation, 42 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, Group-1: plain control, Group-2: N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) alone. Group-3: DEN with Silymarin @25mg, Group-4: DEN with combination of plant extracts @100mg/kg, Group-5: DEN with combination of plant extract @250mg, Group-6: DEN with combination of plant extract @500mg. The N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was given in drinking water to rats throughout the experiment. The route of plant extract and standard drug was oral intubation throughout the period of experimentation of 17 weeks. Results of the present study showed that rats of group-2 (DEN only) exhibited clinical signs of decrease in body weight, hair loss, dullness, and depression. ALT, AST, Creatinine activity was found to increase, whereas total protein concentration decreased in all the DEN treated groups as compared to the control groups. Biochemical parameters in case of combination groups were lower as compared to the DEN alone group. Grossly, group-2 animal showed hepatomegaly, liver paleness, cirrhosis and multiple nodules over the liver surface. However, in the combination groups the gross lesions of less intensity were observed. Microscopically, the liver of the rats of group-II revealed severe distortion of the hepatic cord arrangement, lobular pattern, bile duct proliferation, nuclear changes, fibrous tissue proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, Kupffer cell hyperplasia and degenerative changes. Similarly, in this group spleen showed coalescing lymphoid pulp, increase in the red pulp. Similar changes were noticed in the combination groups (group-3, 4, 5 and 6), but the changes were less severe in intensity as compared to the DEN alone group. Histopathologically, liver and spleen showed regenerative changes in plant treated groups. Immunohistochemical studies showed positive result for the presence of apoptotic bodies in DEN treatment groups. The results indicated hepatoprotective effect of plant extract in combination. DEN was found to be carcinogenic and produced significant hepatic nodules in rat model during in vivo experimentation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON IN VIVO EFFECT OF PLANT BASED EXTRACT AGAINST EXPERIMENTAL SALMONELLOSIS
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-06-29) Gautam, Hemlata; Asrani, R.K.
    The present study was planned with a view to observe the effects of methanolic extract of roots of the plant Saussurea lappa on growth, mortality, clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes in mice infected with a local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 4,12:i:1,2.The LD50 dose of S. Typhimurium was determined in a pilot experiment which was found to be 1.35x103 cfu ml-1.Two hundred mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, Group 1:plain control, Group 2: plant control with methanolic extract of Saussurea lappa @2000mg, Group 3: S. Typhimurium infection alone, Group 4: S. Typhimurium infection with Ciprofloxacin @200mg/kg, Group 5: S. Typhimurium infection with plant extract @200mg, Group 6: S. Typhimurium infection and plant extract @1000mg, Group7: S. Typhimurium infection and plant extract @2000mg.The mice in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 served as control. The methanolic extract of Saussurea lappa was given in drinking water to mice, 4 days before the infection and continued up to 10th of experiment. Results of the present study showed that mice of S. Typhimurium infected group exhibited clinical signs of ruffled hair coat, laboured breathing, staggering gait, hunched position, soiled anal area, soft faeces, reluctant to move and discharge from the eyes. ALT activity was found to increase, whereas total protein and albumin concentration decreased in all the infected groups as compared to the control groups. Values of creatinine was non-significantly different except in Ciprofloxacin group at 7DPI. Biochemical parameters in case of the combination groups were lower as compared to the plain infection group. Grossly group 3 animal showed hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis, liver paleness and splenomegaly. However, in the combination groups the gross lesions of less intensity were observed. Microscopically, the liver of the mice of group 3 revealed severe necrotic foci, inflammatory cell infiltration, dilatation of sinusoids, vacuolar changes and increased cytoplasmic granularity. Similarly, in this group spleen showed congestion, necrotic foci, lymphoid depletion, granulocyte infiltration and RE cell hyperplasia. At 3 and 7 DPI, maximum lesions intensity scores were obtained. Similar changes were noticed in the combination groups (group 5, 6 and 7), but the changes were less severe in intensity as compared to the plain S. Typhimurium infected group. Histopathologically liver and spleen showed preservation of hepatocytes and hepatic cord structure and white pulp hyperplasia in plant treated groups indicated its antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effect. S. Typhimurium found to be highly pathogenic and produced significant hepatic lesion in mice model during in vivo experimentation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE COMMONLY OCCURRING DISEASES IN BOVINE CALVES
    (CSKHPKV, Palampur, 2017-11-06) Mahajan, Shagun; Patil, R.D.
    The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the etiolpathology responsible for bovine calf mortality in Himachal Pradesh. A total of 41 nasal swabs and 185 faecal samples were collected from dead, clinically sick and non-clinical (healthy) animals. Necropsy of 30 calves (17 Males, 13 Females) of various age groups (< 1M, 1- 3M, 3-6M, 6-9M and 9-12M) was performed during August, 2015 to April, 2016. The pneumo-enteritis was the major cause of death in 63% of calves. Grossly,out of 30 calves, 8(26.6%), 8 (26.6%), 3 (10%) and 4 (13.3%) calves showed bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary congestion and pulmonary congestion and edema respectively. However, 2(6.67 %) and 20 (66.7%) animals showed haemorrhagic enteritis and catarrhal enteritis respectively. Histopathologically, in bronchopneumonia cases, the bronchioles and the alveolar lumen were filled with polymorphonuclear cells. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the lungs showing sub-acute to chronic abscesses, whereas, in interstitial pneumonia thickening of inter-alveolar septa due to mononuclearcells infiltration, hyperplasia of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium with peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphoid proliferation. Intestine revealed presence of macroschizonts and microschizonts of coccidian with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Shortening and fusion of villi, desquamation and sloughing of villi, apoptosis and necrosis with infiltration of inflammatory cells in mucosa and submucosa indicative of viral induced enteritis.The serotype (O7, 088 and O118) were isolated from necropsy cases and major parasite wasEimeriabovis(28 % in clinically sick, 17.55 % in healthy and 3.44 % in dead calves) followed by Strongyloides eggs (20.6 % in dead and 3.81% in healthycalves) and Neoascaris vitulorum (8%) in clinically sick calves. This is also suggestive that parasitism is also responsible for playing important role in calf mortality.Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Gentamicin and Oxytetracycline was the most resistant drug. The present study revealed that pneumo-enteritis is the major cause of calf mortality with its peak occurrence at 6-9 months of age group.